arXiv subjects

S. Marnieros

Publications and source records attributed to S. Marnieros.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2023

The background model of the CUPID-Mo $0νββ$ experiment

CUPID-Mo, located in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator for the next generation $0νββ$ decay experiment, CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 enriched Li$_{2}$$ ^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometers and 20 Ge light detectors and has demonstrated that the technology of scintillating bolometers with particle identification capabilities is mature. Furthermore, CUPID-Mo can inform and validate the background prediction for CUPID. In this paper, we present a detailed model of the CUPID-Mo backgrounds. This model is able to describe well the features of the experimental data and enables studies of the $2νββ$ decay and other processes with high precision. We also measure the radio-purity of the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals which are found to be sufficient for the CUPID goals. Finally, we also obtain a background index in the region of interest of 3.7$^{+0.9}_{-0.8}$(stat)$^{+1.5}_{-0.7}$(syst)$\times10^{-3}$counts/$Δ$E$_{FWHM}$/mol$_{iso}$/yr, the lowest in a bolometric $0νββ$ decay experiment.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2023

Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ Scintillating Bolometers for Rare-Event Search Experiments

We report on the development of scintillating bolometers based on lithium molybdate crystals containing molybdenum depleted in the double-$β$ active isotope $^{100}$Mo (Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$). We used two Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ cubic samples, 45 mm side and 0.28 kg each, produced following purification and crystallization protocols developed for double-$β$ search experiments with $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals. Bolometric Ge detectors were utilized to register scintillation photons emitted by the Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ crystal scintillators. The measurements were performed in the CROSS cryogenic set-up at the Canfranc underground laboratory (Spain). We observed that the Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers are characterized by excellent spectrometric performance ($\sim$3--6 keV FWHM at 0.24--2.6 MeV $γ$'s), moderate scintillation signal ($\sim$0.3--0.6 keV/MeV depending on light collection conditions) and high radiopurity ($^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities are below a few $μ$Bq/kg), comparable to the best reported results of low-temperature detectors based on Li$_2$MoO$_4$ with natural or $^{100}$Mo-enriched molybdenum content. Prospects of Li$_2$$^{100\textrm{depl}}$MoO$_4$ bolometers for use in rare-event search experiments are briefly discussed.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: New prospects to study double beta decay of $^{64}$Zn

The first detailed study on the performance of a ZnO-based cryogenic scintillating bolometer as a detector to search for rare processes in zinc isotopes was performed. A 7.2 g ZnO low-temperature detector, containing more than 80\% of zinc in its mass, exhibits good energy resolution of baseline noise 1.0--2.7 keV FWHM at various working temperatures resulting in a low-energy threshold for the experiment, 2.0--6.0 keV. The light yield for $β$/$γ$ events was measured as 1.5(3) keV/MeV, while it varies for $α$ particles in the range of 0.2--3.0 keV/MeV. The detector demonstrate an effective identification of the $β$/$γ$ events from $α$ events using time-properties of only heat signals. %(namely, Rise time parameter). The radiopurity of the ZnO crystal was evaluated using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, an ultra-low-background High Purity Ge $γ$-spectrometer, and bolometric measurements. Only limits were set at the level of $\mathcal{O}$(1--100) mBq/kg on activities of \Nuc{K}{40}, \Nuc{Cs}{137} and daughter nuclides from the U/Th natural decay chains. The total internal $α$-activity was calculated to be 22(2) mBq/kg, with a major contribution caused by 6(1) mBq/kg of \Nuc{Th}{232} and 12(2) mBq/kg of \Nuc{U}{234}. Limits on double beta decay (DBD) processes in \Nuc{Zn}{64} and \Nuc{Zn}{70} isotopes were set on the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{17}$--$10^{18})$ yr for various decay modes profiting from 271 h of acquired background data in the above-ground lab. This study shows a good potential for ZnO-based scintillating bolometers to search for DBD processes of Zn isotopes, especially in \Nuc{Zn}{64}, with the most prominent spectral features at $\sim$10--20 keV, like the two neutrino double electron capture. A 10 kg-scale experiment can reach the experimental sensitivity at the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{24})$ yr.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

Enhanced light signal for the suppression of pile-up events in Mo-based bolometers for the $0νββ$ decay search

Random coincidences of events could be one of the main sources of background in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo with macro-bolometers, due to their modest time resolution. Scintillating bolometers as those based on Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals and employed in the CROSS and CUPID experiments can eventually exploit the coincident fast signal detected in a light detector to reduce this background. However, the scintillation provides a modest signal-to-noise ratio, making difficult a pile-up pulse-shape recognition and rejection at timescales shorter than a few ms. Neganov-Trofimov-Luke assisted light detectors (NTL-LDs) offer the possibility to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving a fast time-response, and enhance the capability of pile-up rejection via pulse shape analysis. In this article we present: a) an experimental work performed with a Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer, studied in the framework of the CROSS experiment, and utilizing a NTL-LD; b) a simulation method to reproduce, synthetically, randomly coincident two-neutrino double-beta decay events; c) a new analysis method based on a pulse-shape discrimination algorithm capable of providing high pile-up rejection efficiencies. We finally show how the NTL-LDs offer a balanced solution between performance and complexity to reach background index $\sim$$10^{-4}$ counts/keV/kg/year with 280~g Li$_2$MoO$_4$ ($^{100}$Mo enriched) bolometers at 3034 keV, the Q-value of the double-beta decay, and target the goal of a next generation experiment like CUPID.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2023

Tagging and localisation of ionizing events using NbSi transition edge phonon sensors for Dark Matter searches

In the context of direct searches of sub-GeV Dark Matter particles with germanium detectors, the EDELWEISS collaboration has tested a new technique to tag ionizing events using NbSi transition edge athermal phonon sensors. The emission of the athermal phonons generated by the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect associated with the drift of electrons and holes through the detectors is used to tag ionization events generated in specific parts of the detector localized in front of the NbSi sensor and to reject by more than a factor 5 (at 90% C.L.) the background from heat-only events that dominates the spectrum above 3 keV. This method is able to improve by a factor 2.8 the previous limit on spin-independent interactions of 1 GeV/c2 WIMPs obtained with the same detector and data set but without this tagging technique.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

Final results on the $0νββ$ decay half-life limit of $^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment

The CUPID-Mo experiment to search for 0$νββ$ decay in $^{100}$Mo has been recently completed after about 1.5 years of operation at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France). It served as a demonstrator for CUPID, a next generation 0$νββ$ decay experiment. CUPID-Mo was comprised of 20 enriched Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating calorimeters, each with a mass of $\sim$ 0.2 kg, operated at $\sim$20 mK. We present here the final analysis with the full exposure of CUPID-Mo ($^{100}$Mo exposure of 1.47 kg$\times$yr) used to search for lepton number violation via 0$νββ$ decay. We report on various analysis improvements since the previous result on a subset of data, reprocessing all data with these new techniques. We observe zero events in the region of interest and set a new limit on the $^{100}$Mo 0$νββ$ decay half-life of $T^{0ν}_{1/2} > 1.8 \times 10^{24}$ year (stat.+syst.) at 90% CI. Under the light Majorana neutrino exchange mechanism this corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass of $\left < (0.28$--$0.49)$ eV, dependent upon the nuclear matrix element utilized.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2022

Status of QUBIC, the Q&U Bolometer for Cosmology

The Q&U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) is a novel kind of polarimeter optimized for the measurement of the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Back-ground (CMB), which is one of the major challenges of observational cosmology. The signal is expected to be of the order of a few tens of nK, prone to instrumental systematic effects and polluted by various astrophysical foregrounds which can only be controlled through multichroic observations. QUBIC is designed to address these observational issues with a novel approach that combines the advantages of interferometry in terms of control of instrumental systematics with those of bolometric detectors in terms of wide-band, background-limited sensitivity.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2022

Search for sub-GeV Dark Matter via Migdal effect with an EDELWEISS germanium detector with NbSi TES sensors

The EDELWEISS collaboration reports on the search for Dark Matter (DM) particle interactions via Migdal effect with masses between $32$ MeV$\cdot$c$^{-2}$ to $2$ GeV$\cdot$c$^{-2}$ using a $200$ g cryogenic Ge detector sensitive to simultaneously heat and ionization signals and operated underground at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane in France. The phonon signal was read out using a Transition Edge Sensor made of a NbSi thin film. The detector was biased at $66$ V in order to benefit from the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke amplification and resulting in a resolution on the energy of electron recoils of $4.46$ eV$_{ee}$ (RMS) and an analysis threshold of $30$ eV$_{ee}$. The sensitivity is limited by a dominant background not associated to charge creation in the detector. The search constrains a new region of parameter space for cross-sections down to $10^{-29}$ cm$^2$ and masses between $32$ and $100$ MeV$\cdot$c$^{-2}$. The achieved low threshold with the NbSi sensor shows the relevance of its use for athermal-phonon sensitive devices for low-mass DM searches.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2022

Fast neutron background characterization of the future Ricochet experiment at the ILL research nuclear reactor

The future Ricochet experiment aims at searching for new physics in the electroweak sector by providing a high precision measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) process down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. The experiment will deploy a kg-scale low-energy-threshold detector array combining Ge and Zn target crystals 8.8 meters away from the 58 MW research nuclear reactor core of the Institut Laue Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France. Currently, the Ricochet collaboration is characterizing the backgrounds at its future experimental site in order to optimize the experiment's shielding design. The most threatening background component, which cannot be actively rejected by particle identification, consists of keV-scale neutron-induced nuclear recoils. These initial fast neutrons are generated by the reactor core and surrounding experiments (reactogenics), and by the cosmic rays producing primary neutrons and muon-induced neutrons in the surrounding materials. In this paper, we present the Ricochet neutron background characterization using $^3$He proportional counters which exhibit a high sensitivity to thermal, epithermal and fast neutrons. We compare these measurements to the Ricochet Geant4 simulations to validate our reactogenic and cosmogenic neutron background estimations. Eventually, we present our estimated neutron background for the future Ricochet experiment and the resulting CENNS detection significance.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2022

New measurement of double beta decays of $^{100}$Mo to excited states of $^{100}$Ru with the CUPID-Mo experiment

The CUPID-Mo experiment, located at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France), was a demonstrator experiment for CUPID. It consisted of an array of 20 Li$_2^{100}$MoO$_4$ (LMO) calorimeters each equipped with a Ge light detector (LD) for particle identification. In this work, we present the result of a search for two-neutrino and neutrinoless double beta decays of $^{100}$Mo to the first 0$^+$ and $2^+$ excited states of $^{100}$Ru using the full CUPID-Mo exposure (2.71 kg$\times$yr of LMO). We measure the half-life of $2νββ$ decay to the $0^{+}_1$ state as $T_{1/2}^{2ν\rightarrow 0_1^+}=7.5\pm 0.8 \ \text{(stat.)} \ ^{+ 0.4}_{-0.3} \ \text{(syst.)} )\times 10^{20} \ \mathrm{yr}$. The bolometric technique enables measurement of the electron energies as well as the gamma rays from nuclear de-excitation and this allows us to set new limits on the two-neutrino decay to the $2_1^+$ state of $T^{2ν\rightarrow 2_1^+}_{1/2}>4.4\times 10^{21} \ \mathrm{yr} \ \text{(90 % c.i.)}$ and on the neutrinoless modes of $T_{1/2}^{0ν\rightarrow 2_1^+}>2.1\times10^{23} \ \mathrm{yr}\ \text{(90 % c.i.)}$, $T_{1/2}^{0ν\rightarrow 0_1^+}>1.2\times10^{23} \ \mathrm{yr}\ \text{(90 % c.i.)}$. Information on the electrons spectral shape is obtained which allows us to make the first comparison of the single state (SSD) and higher state (HSD) $2νββ$ decay models for the $0_1^+$ excited state of $^{100}$Ru.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2022

First cryogenic tests on BINGO innovations

Neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu2β$) is a hypothetical rare nuclear transition. Its observation would provide an important insight about the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana particle) demonstrating that the lepton number is not conserved. BINGO (Bi-Isotope $0\nu2β$ Next Generation Observatory) aims to set the technological grounds for future bolometric $0\nu2β$ experiments. It is based on a dual heat-light readout, i.e. a main scintillating absorber embedding the double-beta decay isotope accompanied by a cryogenic light detector. BINGO will study two of the most promising isotopes: $^{100}$Mo embedded in Li$_2$MoO$_4$ (LMO) crystals and $^{130}$Te embedded in TeO$_2$. BINGO technology will reduce dramatically the background in the region of interest, thus boosting the discovery sensitivity of $0\nu2β$. The proposed solutions will have a high impact on next-generation bolometric tonne-scale experiments, like CUPID. In this contribution, we present the results obtained during the first tests performed in the framework of BINGO R&D.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

QUBIC VII: The feedhorn-switch system of the technological demonstrator

We present the design, manufacturing and performance of the horn-switch system developed for the technological demonstrator of QUBIC (the $Q$\&$U$ Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology). This system is constituted of 64 back-to-back dual-band (150\,GHz and 220\,GHz) corrugated feed-horns interspersed with mechanical switches used to select desired baselines during the instrument self-calibration. We manufactured the horns in aluminum platelets milled by photo-chemical etching and mechanically tightened with screws. The switches are based on steel blades that open and close the wave-guide between the back-to-back horns and are operated by miniaturized electromagnets. We also show the current development status of the feedhorn-switch system for the QUBIC full instrument, based on an array of 400 horn-switch assemblies.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2022

QUBIC II: Spectro-Polarimetry with Bolometric Interferometry

Bolometric interferometry is a novel technique that has the ability to perform spectral imaging. A bolometric interferometer observes the sky in a wide frequency band and can reconstruct sky maps in several sub-bands within the physical band in post-processing of the data. This provides a powerful spectral method to discriminate between the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and astrophysical foregrounds. In this paper, the methodology is illustrated with examples based on the Q \& U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) which is a ground-based instrument designed to measure the B-mode polarization of the sky at millimeter wavelengths. We consider the specific cases of point source reconstruction and Galactic dust mapping and we characterize the point spread function as a function of frequency. We study the noise properties of spectral imaging, especially the correlations between sub-bands, using end-to-end simulations together with a fast noise simulator. We conclude showing that spectral imaging performance are nearly optimal up to five sub-bands in the case of QUBIC.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2022

QUBIC III: Laboratory Characterization

A prototype version of the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) underwent a campaign of testing in the laboratory at Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology in Paris. We report the results of this Technological Demonstrator which successfully shows the feasibility of the principle of Bolometric Interferometry. Characterization of QUBIC includes the measurement of the synthesized beam, the measurement of interference fringes, and the measurement of polarization performance. A modulated and frequency tunable millimetre-wave source in the telescope far-field is used to simulate a point source. The QUBIC pointing is scanned across the point source to produce beam maps. Polarization modulation is measured using a rotating Half Wave Plate. The measured beam matches well to the theoretical simulations and gives QUBIC the ability to do spectro imaging. The polarization performance is excellent with less than 0.5\% cross-polarization rejection. QUBIC is ready for deployment on the high altitude site at Alto Chorillo, Argentina to begin scientific operations.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2022

Low-mass Dark Matter searches with EDELWEISS

The EDELWEISS collaboration searches for light Dark Matter (DM) particles using germanium detectors equipped with a charge and phonon signal readout. Using the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect, an rms resolution of 0.53 electron-hole pair was obtained on a massive (33.4 g) Ge detector operated underground at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane. This record sensitivity made possible a search for Dark Photon DM down to 1 eV/c2 and to DM-electron interactions below 1 MeV/c2. This demonstrates for the first time the high relevance of cryogenic Ge detectors in searches at low thresholds and is an important step of the development of Ge detectors with improved performance in the context of the EDELWEISS-SubGeV program.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2022

First germanium-based constraints on sub-MeV Dark Matter with the EDELWEISS experiment

The EDELWEISS collaboration has performed a search for Dark Matter (DM) particles interacting with electrons using a 33.4 g Ge cryogenic detector operated underground at the LSM. A charge resolution of 0.53 electron-hole pairs (RMS) has been achieved using the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke amplification with a bias of 78 V. We set the first Ge-based constraints on sub-MeV/c$^{2}$ DM particles interacting with electrons, as well as on dark photons down to 1 eV/c$^2$. These are competitive with other searches. In particular, new limits are set on the kinetic mixing of dark photon DM in a so far unconstrained parameter space region in the 6 to 9 eV/c$^2$ mass range. These results demonstrate the high relevance of cryogenic Ge detectors for the search of DM interactions producing eV-scale electron signals.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2022

High impedance TES bolometers for EDELWEISS

The EDELWEISS collaboration aims for direct detection of light dark matter using germanium cryogenic detectors with low threshold phonon sensor technologies and efficient charge readout designs. We describe here the development of Ge bolometers equipped with high impedance thermistors based on a NbxSi1-x TES alloy. High aspect ratio spiral designs allow the TES impedance to match with JFET or HEMT front-end amplifiers. We detail the behavior of the superconducting transition properties of these sensors and the detector optimization in terms of sensitivity to out-of-equilibrium phonons. We report preliminary results of a 200 g Ge detector that was calibrated using 71Ge activation by neutrons at the LSM underground laboratory.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Phonon and charge signals from IR and X excitation in the SELENDIS Ge cryogenic detector

The aim of the SELENDIS project within the EDELWEISS collaboration is to observe single $e^- h^+$ pairs in lightweight (3.3 g) cryogenic germanium bolometers with charge and phonon readout at biases up to $\sim 100$ V. These devices are ideal to characterize in detail the mechanism of charge creation and collection in cryogenic germanium detectors. Electron-hole pairs are produced in the bulk of the detector either by the injection of pulsed IR laser or by neutron activation of germanium inducing the K, L and M lines from $^{71}$Ge electron capture decays. Low-energy laser pulses are also used to probe the single $e^- h^+$ pair sensitivity of Ge bolometers. Preliminary results are used to compare these two modes of charge creation, an important step toward a detailed characterization of Ge bolometers for their use in sub-MeV Dark Matter (DM) searches.

physics.ins-det↗