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S. R. Shenoy

Publications and source records attributed to S. R. Shenoy.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

Entropic bottlenecks to nematic ordering in an $RP^{2}$ apolar spin model

The Lebwohl-Lasher model of uniaxial liquid crystals with (\textit{n} = 3, \textit{d} = 2) was reported earlier to undergo a crossover transition to a novel nematic phase at a temperature $T=T_{n}$. This phase has unbound topological defects in a nematic background, that pair at a lower $T_{\text{BKT}} < T_{n}$. The transition has zero latent heat, and a specific heat and correlation length that remain finite. We discover here a significant sparseness of states or an entropy barrier `bottleneck', between the isotropic and novel nematic phases. Passage through these sparse configurations is enabled by short-range nematic clusters dressing the defect cores. The free energy temperature derivatives, along with energy derivatives of the micro-canonical entropy, determine that this is a {\it third-order} transition in the Ehrenfest classification. The local transformation to dressed defects induces a sharp downward cusp in the correlation length, at a precursor temperature $T_{p} > T_{n}$. The entropic bottleneck manifests as a rippling of the free energy landscape, over mutually modifying nematic order and defect density. Cooling through $T_{p}$ yields an itinerant para-nematic fluid of dressed defects with macroscopically occupied local polar angle tilts, that catalyse a common global tilt or nematic phase at $T_{n}$.

cond-mat.soft↗

Partial Equilibration Scenario in 3D athermal martensites quenched below first-order transition temperatures

To test a Partial Equilibration Scenario (PES) of Ritort and colleagues, we do Monte Carlo simulations of discretized-strain spin models, for four 3D martensitic structural transitions under quenches to a bath temperature $T <T_0$ below a first-order transition. The ageing system faces entropy barriers, in {\it searches} for energy-lowering passages between quasi-microcanonical energy shells. We confirm the PES signature of an exponential-tail distribution of intermittent heat releases to the bath, scaled in an effective temperature, that in our case, depends on the quench. When its inverse $β_{eff} (T) \equiv 1/T_{eff} (T) $ vanishes below a `martensite start' temperature $T_1$ of avalanche conversions, then entropy barriers vanish. When this search temperature $T_{eff} (T)$ vanishes, PES cooling is arrested, as entropy barriers diverge. We find a {\it linear} vanishing of $T_{eff}(T)\sim T_d -T$, below a delay-divergence temperature $T_d$ in between, $T_1 < T_d < T_0$. Martensitic conversion delays $e^{1/T_{eff}} \sim e^{1/(T_d -T)}$ thus have Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann like divergences. Post-quench delay data extracted from simulations and athermal martensitic alloys, are both consistent with predictions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Understanding glass-like Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equilibration times: microcanonical effective temperatures in quenched 3D martensites

We do Monte Carlo simulations of four 3D structural transitions, with vector-spin models of their martensitic strain domains under quenches to $T$, to test a generic post-quench Partial Equilibration Scenario (PES) of Ritort. We indeed confirm that energy-lowering passages between fixed-energy shells induce a signature PES distribution of an exponential tail in heat releases, scaled in an effective search temperature. A linear vanishing of this $T_{eff}(T)\sim T_d -T$ at a temperature $T_d$ where PES passage-searches freeze, explains the Vogel-Fulcher like divergence of equilibration times $ e^{1/ T_{eff} (T)}\sim e^{1/(T_d -T)}$, extracted from incubation-time delays of simulations and martensitic alloys.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Re-equilibration after quenches in athermal martensites:Conversion-delays for vapour to liquid domain-wall phases

Entropy barriers and ageing states appear in martensitic structural-transition models, slowly re-equilibrating after temperature quenches, under Monte Carlo dynamics. Concepts from protein folding and ageing harmonic oscillators turn out to be useful in understanding these nonequilibrium evolutions. We show how the athermal, non-activated delay time for seeded parent-phase austenite to convert to product-phase martensite, arises from an identified entropy barrier in Fourier space. In an ageing state of low Monte Carlo acceptances, the strain structure factor makes constant-energy searches for rare pathways, to enter a Brillouin zone `golf hole' enclosing negative energy states, and to suddenly release entropically trapped stresses. In this context, a stress-dependent effective temperature can be defined, that re-equilibrates to the quenched bath temperature.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Scaled free energies, power-law potentials, strain pseudospins and quasi-universality for first-order structural transitions

We consider ferroelastic first-order phase transitions with $N_{OP}$ order-parameter strains entering Landau free energies as invariant polynomials, that have $N_V$ structural-variant Landau minima. The total free energy includes (seemingly innocuous) harmonic terms, in the $n = 6 -N_{OP}$ {\it non}-order-parameter strains. Four 3D transitions are considered, tetragonal/orthorhombic, cubic/tetragonal, cubic/trigonal and cubic/orthorhombic unit-cell distortions, with respectively, $N_{OP} = 1, 2, 3 $ and 2; and $N_V = 2, 3, 4$ and 6. Five 2D transitions are also considered, as simpler examples. Following Barsch and Krumhansl, we scale the free energy to absorb most material-dependent elastic coefficients into an overall prefactor, by scaling in an overall elastic energy density; a dimensionless temperature variable; and the spontaneous-strain magnitude at transition $λ<<1$. To leading order in $λ$ the scaled Landau minima become material-independent, in a kind of 'quasi-universality'. The scaled minima in $N_{OP}$-dimensional order-parameter space, fall at the centre and at the $N_V$ corners, of a transition-specific polyhedron inscribed in a sphere, whose radius is unity at transition. The `polyhedra' for the four 3D transitions are respectively, a line, a triangle, a tetrahedron, and a hexagon. We minimize the $n$ terms harmonic in the non-order-parameter strains, by substituting solutions of the 'no dislocation' St Venant compatibility constraints, and explicitly obtain powerlaw anisotropic, order-parameter interactions, for all transitions. In a reduced discrete-variable description, the competing minima of the Landau free energies induce unit-magnitude pseudospin vectors, with $N_V +1$ values, pointing to the polyhedra corners and the (zero-value) center.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Elasticity-driven Nanoscale Texturing in Complex Electronic Materials

Finescale probes of many complex electronic materials have revealed a non-uniform nanoworld of sign-varying textures in strain, charge and magnetization, forming meandering ribbons, stripe segments or droplets. We introduce and simulate a Ginzburg-Landau model for a structural transition, with strains coupling to charge and magnetization. Charge doping acts as a local stress that deforms surrounding unit cells without generating defects. This seemingly innocuous constraint of elastic `compatibility', in fact induces crucial anisotropic long-range forces of unit-cell discrete symmetry, that interweave opposite-sign competing strains to produce polaronic elasto-magnetic textures in the composite variables. Simulations with random local doping below the solid-solid transformation temperature reveal rich multiscale texturing from induced elastic fields: nanoscale phase separation, mesoscale intrinsic inhomogeneities, textural cross-coupling to external stress and magnetic field, and temperature-dependent percolation. We describe how this composite textured polaron concept can be valuable for doped manganites, cuprates and other complex electronic materials.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Ferroelastic Dynamics and Strain Compatibility

We derive underdamped evolution equations for the order-parameter (OP) strains of a ferroelastic material undergoing a structural transition, using Lagrangian variations with Rayleigh dissipation, and a free energy as a polynomial expansion in the $N=n+N_{op}$ symmetry-adapted strains. The $N_{op}$ strain equations are structurally similar in form to the Lagrange-Rayleigh 1D strain dynamics of Bales and Gooding (BG), with `strain accelerations' proportional to a Laplacian acting on a sum of the free energy strain derivative and frictional strain force. The tensorial St. Venant's elastic compatibility constraints that forbid defects, are used to determine the n non-order-parameter strains in terms of the OP strains, generating anisotropic and long-range OP contributions to the free energy, friction and noise. The {\it same} OP equations are obtained by either varying the displacement vector components, or by varying the N strains subject to the $N_c$ compatibility constraints. A Fokker-Planck equation, based on the BG dynamics with noise terms, is set up. The BG dynamics corresponds to a set of nonidentical nonlinear (strain) oscillators labeled by wavevector $\vec{k}$, with competing short- and long-range couplings. The oscillators have different `strain-mass' densities $ρ(k) \sim 1/k^2$ and dampings $\sim 1/ρ(k) \sim k^2$, so the lighter large-k oscillators equilibrate first, corresponding to earlier formation of smaller-scale oriented textures. This produces a sequential-scale scenario for post-quench nucleation, elastic patterning, and hierarchical growth. (Continued ...)

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Number--conserving model for boson pairing

An independent pair ansatz is developed for the many body wavefunction of dilute Bose systems. The pair correlation is optimized by minimizing the expectation value of the full hamiltonian (rather than the truncated Bogoliubov one) providing a rigorous energy upper bound. In contrast with the Jastrow model, hypernetted chain theory provides closed-form exactly solvable equations for the optimized pair correlation. The model involves both condensate and coherent pairing with number conservation and kinetic energy sum rules satisfied exactly and the compressibility sum rule obeyed at low density. We compute, for bulk boson matter at a given density and zero temperature, (i) the two--body distribution function, (ii) the energy per particle, (iii) the sound velocity, (iv) the chemical potential, (v) the momentum distribution and its condensate fraction and (vi) the pairing function, which quantifies the ODLRO resulting from the structural properties of the two--particle density matrix. The connections with the low--density expansion and Bogoliubov theory are analyzed at different density values, including the density and scattering length regime of interest of trapped-atoms Bose--Einstein condensates. Comparison with the available Diffusion Monte Carlo results is also made.

cond-mat↗

Phase oscillations in superfluid 3He-B weak links

Oscillations in quantum phase about a mean value of $π$, observed across micropores connecting two \helium baths, are explained in a Ginzburg-Landau phenomenology. The dynamics arises from the Josephson phase relation,the interbath continuity equation, and helium boundary conditions. The pores are shown to act as Josephson tunnel junctions, and the dynamic variables are the inter bath phase difference and fractional difference in superfluid density at micropores. The system maps onto a non-rigid, momentum-shortened pendulum, with inverted-orientation oscillations about a vertical tilt angle $ϕ= π$, and other modes are predicted.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Coherent oscillations between two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates: Josephson effects, $π$-oscillations, and macroscopic quantum self trapping

We discuss the coherent atomic oscillations between two weakly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. The weak link is provided by a laser barrier in a (possibly asymmetric) double-well trap or by Raman coupling between two condensates in different hyperfine levels. The Boson Josephson Junction (BJJ) dynamics is described by the two-mode non-linear Gross-Pitaevskii equation, that is solved analytically in terms of elliptic functions. The BJJ, being a $neutral$, isolated system, allows the investigations of new dynamical regimes for the phase difference across the junction and for the population imbalance, that are not accessible with Superconductor Josephson Junctions (SJJ). These include oscillations with either, or both of the following properties: 1) the time-averaged value of the phase is equal to $π$ ($π-phase$ oscillations); 2) the average population imbalance is nonzero, in states with ``macroscopic quantum self-trapping'' (MQST). The (non-sinusoidal) generalization of the SJJ `ac' and `plasma' oscillations and the Shapiro resonance can also be observed. We predict the collapse of experimental data (corresponding to different trap geometries and total number of condensate atoms) onto a single universal curve, for the inverse period of oscillations. Analogies with Josephson oscillations between two weakly coupled reservoirs of $^3$He-B and the internal Josephson effect in $^3$He-A are also discussed.

cond-mat.soft↗

Diluted Josephson-junction arrays in a magnetic field: phase coherence and vortex glass thresholds

The effects of random dilution of junctions on a two-dimensional Josephson-junction array in a magnetic field are considered. For rational values of the average flux quantum per plaquette $f$, the superconducting transition temperature vanishes, for increasing dilution, at a critical value $x_S(f)$, while the vortex ordering remains stable up to $x_{VL}>x_S$, much below the value $x_p$ corresponding to the geometric percolation threshold. For $ x_{VL}<x<x_p$, the array behaves as a zero-temperature vortex-glass. Numerical results for $f=1/2$ from defect energy calculations are presented which are consistent with this scenario.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Macroscopic Angular Momentum States of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Toroidal Traps

We consider a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of $N$ atoms of repulsive interaction $\sim U_0$, in an elliptical trap, axially pierced by a Gaussian-intensity laser beam, forming an effective (quasi-2D) toroidal trap with minimum at radial distance $ρ= ρ_p$. The macroscopic angular momentum states $Ψ_l(ρ,θ) \sim \sqrt{N}Φ_l(ρ) e^{i l θ}$ for integer $l$ spread up to $ρ\lesssim ρ_{max} \sim (NU_0)^{1/4} \gg ρ_p$. The spreading lowers rotational energies, so estimated low metastability barriers can support large $l \lesssim l_{max} \sim (NU_0)^{1/4}, \lesssim 10$ for typical parameters. The $l$-dependent density profile $|Φ_l(ρ)|^2 - |Φ_0(ρ)|^2$ is a signature of BEC rotation. Results are insensitive to off-axis laser displacements $ρ_0$, for $ρ_0/ρ_{max} \ll 1$.

cond-mat.soft↗