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Saad B. Ahmed

Publications and source records attributed to Saad B. Ahmed.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Quantum Enchanced Multi-Scale CNN with Bi-directional Mamba for Crop Field Analysis

Hyperspectral image (HSI) crop analysis is essential for precision agriculture because it captures rich spectral and spatial information for accurate crop monitoring and assessment. However, HSI classification remains challenging due to high spectral dimensionality, spatial complexity, class imbalance, and limited labeled samples. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a BiSpectral Mamba-based framework that combines multi-scale convolutional feature extraction, spectral attention, bidirectional state-space modeling, and quantum-inspired learning. A multi-scale CNN backbone first extracts hierarchical spatial-spectral representations through feature fusion across multiple resolutions. A spectral attention mechanism then emphasizes informative bands while suppressing redundant and noisy channels. The refined features are processed by a BiSpectral Mamba module that captures long-range dependencies in both forward and backward directions by modeling hyperspectral feature maps as sequential tokens. In addition, class-weighted optimization and feature fusion strategies are incorporated to improve training stability and mitigate class imbalance. Experimental evaluation on the UAVHSI-Crop dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework, achieving an overall accuracy of 84.83%. The results show that integrating convolutional, attention-based, and state-space modeling components enables robust spatial-spectral feature learning for crop classification. The proposed framework also shows potential for broader agricultural and remote sensing applications, including crop disease detection, yield prediction, and soil moisture estimation, while highlighting the effectiveness of structured state-space and quantum-inspired architectures for hyperspectral image analysis.

cs.CV↗

MedFormer-UR: Uncertainty-Routed Transformer for Medical Image Classification

To ensure safe clinical integration, deep learning models must provide more than just high accuracy; they require dependable uncertainty quantification. While current Medical Vision Transformers perform well, they frequently struggle with overconfident predictions and a lack of transparency, issues that are magnified by the noisy and imbalanced nature of clinical data. To address this, we enhanced the modified Medical Transformer (MedFormer) that incorporates prototype-based learning and uncertainty-guided routing, by utilizing a Dirichlet distribution for per-token evidential uncertainty, our framework can quantify and localize ambiguity in real-time. This uncertainty is not just an output but an active participant in the training process, filtering out unreliable feature updates. Furthermore, the use of class-specific prototypes ensures the embedding space remains structured, allowing for decisions based on visual similarity. Testing across four modalities (mammography, ultrasound, MRI, and histopathology) confirms that our approach significantly enhances model calibration, reducing expected calibration error (ECE) by up to 35%, and improves selective prediction, even when accuracy gains are modest.

eess.IV↗