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Saeed Alam

Publications and source records attributed to Saeed Alam.

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PECR: A Reproducible Specification and Synthetic Stress Test of Telemetry-Informed Vulnerability Prioritization for SD-WAN

Software-defined wide-area networking concentrates operational authority in controllers, orchestrators, and Internet-facing edges, but severity-only remediation queues do not represent current exposure or evidence quality. This paper specifies Predictive Exposure and Cryptographic Readiness (PECR), a decision-support method that combines nine normalized severity, threat, reachability, and consequence factors while reporting confidence and score intervals separately. Cryptographic dependencies enter an independent migration queue. The evaluation uses 100 role- and zone-conditioned synthetic vulnerability-asset records over 62 role-consistent assets, plus 30 independent generator replications. Against the operational PECR order, CVSS-only, EPSS-only, KEV-first, and CVSS x EPSS queues yield Kendall $\tau$ values of 0.196, 0.221, 0.301, and 0.234; a stronger five-factor context-lite comparator yields 0.755. Across 30,000 joint Dirichlet weight draws, median $\tau$ is 0.836, 0.893, and 0.924 under broad, moderate, and narrow perturbations. Masking 10% of factor cells labels 47 records as evidence-limited because their intervals cross a decision boundary. The study establishes executable specification, synthetic queue differentiation, and stress-test robustness. It does not establish predictive accuracy, avoided loss, or production effectiveness because no real outcome labels are used.

cs.CR

Predictive Exposure and Cryptographic Readiness: A Vendor-Neutral Framework, a, Bounded Multivocal Evidence Analysis, and Reproducible Synthetic Evaluation for SD-WAN Environments

SD-WAN teams often use static severity scores to decide what to fix first. These scores do not show live exploitation, network exposure, attack paths, business impact, or cryptographic migration risk. This study asks whether a vendor-neutral PECR framework can produce a different and more traceable ranking than CVSS alone. We reviewed 19 DOI-verified publications from 2020-2026 and five current NIST documents. The review supported ten normalized factors, one weighted score, and a separate confidence measure. We then compared equal-weight PECR with CVSS in five synthetic cases. The tests used Kendall's $\tau_b$, mean absolute rank shift (MARS), top-three Jaccard overlap ($J_3$), factor removal, and bounded weight changes. CVSS ranked the cases A-D-B-E-C. PECR ranked them A-B-E-C-D. The results were $\tau_b = 0.40$, MARS = 1.2, and $J_3 = 0.50$. The exact $\tau$ test was not significant ($p = 0.483$) because the sample had only five cases. The PECR order remained unchanged in 87.5% of 1,024 weight combinations. It also remained unchanged in eight of ten single-factor removal tests. The evidence supports separate measures for severity, exploitation, and organizational context. Evidence for live SD-WAN attack paths and daily PQC triage is still limited. PECR can produce a different and auditable ranking. This synthetic test does not prove better operational results or better human understanding.

cs.NI