Pinching Antenna Assisted Integrated Sensing and Communication Using Quadrature RSMA
This paper proposes a pinching antenna system (PASS)-assisted downlink quadrature rate-splitting multiple access (Q-RSMA)-based integrated sensing and communication (PASS-QRSMA-ISAC) framework for simultaneously supporting multi-user communication and target sensing. In the proposed framework, multiple pinching antennas (PAs) deployed along a dielectric waveguide serve communication users (CUs) distributed across a dual-room indoor environment, where line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) propagation conditions coexist. By integrating PASS with Q-RSMA, the proposed framework improves interference management while reducing the dependence on successive interference cancellation. The communication and sensing signal models are developed, followed by the corresponding SNR/SINR expressions. To obtain tractable analytical insights, a two-user single-PA case under ideal waveguide conditions is first analysed, where the per-user communication outage probability (COP), system COP, sensing outage probability (SOP), and ergodic sum-rate are formulated using distance statistics, CDF/CCDF characterisations, and numerical integration methods. The analysis is then extended to the generalised multi-user multi-PA scenario by developing statistical characterisations for the LoS communication, NLoS communication, and sensing channels. Based on these characterisations, the per-user COP, system COP, SOP, and ergodic sum-rate are formulated and evaluated for the generalised framework. Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical results and demonstrate the performance gains of the proposed PASS-QRSMA-ISAC framework over the considered benchmark schemes, including PASS-RSMA-ISAC, PASS-NOMA-ISAC, and PASS-SDMA-ISAC. The results further highlight the effects of various system parameters on the proposed framework.