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Sahana Rößler

Publications and source records attributed to Sahana Rößler.

17 recordsLinked to original sources

Revisiting the symmetry and optical phonons of altermagnetic $α$-MnTe

Using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies combined with high-resolution x-ray diffraction, we address several controversial aspects of altermagnetic $α$-MnTe. We show that mechanical stress applied to crystals of this material causes a drastic broadening of Bragg peaks that conceals signatures of additional phases present in the sample. Indeed, spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy reveals that the modes around 175 cm$^{-1}$ often reported in $α$-MnTe are not reproducible across different positions and samples and originate from the secondary phase of MnTe$_2$. By combining spectroscopic probes with ab initio calculations, we establish the IR-active optical phonon of $α$-MnTe around 155 cm$^{-1}$ ($E_{1u}$) and the Raman-active optical phonon around 100 cm$^{-1}$ ($E_{2g}$) at room temperature. Two intense Raman modes around 120 and 140 cm$^{-1}$ are shown to be intrinsic, even though they can not be assigned to $Γ$-point optical phonons. These modes couple to magnetic order in $α$-MnTe and also to the transient reflectivity resulting in coherent oscillations. Both 6-fold rotation symmetry and inversion symmetry are preserved in $α$-MnTe within our experimental resolution.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Low-field magnetization processes of hexagonal easy-plane altermagnet $α$-MnTe

Single crystals of $α$-MnTe were synthesized by chemical vapor transport using iodine as the transport reagent. Structural characterization by powder x-ray diffraction confirmed the hexagonal structure (space group P6$_{3}$/mmc). Magnetization $M(T)$ and specific heat $C_p(T)$ measurements revealed an antiferromagnetic phase transition at $T_N \approx307$ K. The magnetic entropy derived from the $C_p(T)$ data is consistent with the $S = 5/2$ spin state of Mn$^{2+}$ ions. Angle- and field-dependent magnetization measurements indicate complex magnetic responses associated with domains, and show an anomaly around 1 T. These features are analyzed using a phenomenological micromagnetic model that includes higher-order anisotropic exchange interactions coupling the weak ferromagnetic component and the antiferromagnetic order parameter. The model captures the generic behavior of magnetic states and demonstrates that the observed uniaxial and unidirectional anisotropies arise from metastable domain configurations and irreversible magnetization processes.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Fermi-liquid behavior of non-altermagnetic RuO$_2$

Presence of magnetism in potentially altermagnetic RuO$_2$ has been a subject of intense debate. Using broadband infrared spectroscopy combined with density-functional band-structure calculations, we show that optical conductivity of RuO$_2$, the bulk probe of its electronic structure, is well described by the nonmagnetic model of this material. The sharp Pauli edge demonstrates the presence of a Dirac nodal line lying 45 meV below the Fermi level. Good match between the experimental and ab initio plasma frequencies underpins weakness of electronic correlations. The intraband part of the optical conductivity indicates Fermi-liquid behavior with two distinct scattering rates below 150 K. Fermi-liquid theory also accounts for the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility of RuO$_2$ and allows a consistent description of this material as paramagnetic metal.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Magnetic and electronic properties of Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$

The intermetallic compound Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$, an antiferromagnetic material with nonsymmorphic crystalline structure, is investigated by magnetic, electronic transport and specific heat measurements. Being a Zintl phase, insulating behavior is expected. Our thermodynamic and magnetotransport measurements along different crystallographic directions strongly indicate polaron formation well above the magnetic ordering temperatures. Pronounced anisotropies of the magnetic and transport properties even above the magnetic ordering temperature are observed despite the Eu$^{2+}$ configuration which testify to complex and competing magnetic interactions between these ions and give rise to intricate phase diagrams discussed in detail. Our results provide a comprehensive framework for further detailed study of this multifaceted compound with possible nontrivial topology.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Surface and electronic structure at atomic length scales of the non-symmorphic antiferromagnet Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$

We performed Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy (STM/STS) measurements to investigate the Zintl phase Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$, a non-symmorphic antiferromagnet. The theoretical prediction of a non-trivial Fermi surface topology stabilized by the non-symmorphic symmetry motivated our research. On the cleaved (010) plane, we obtained striped patterns that can be correlated to the stacking of the [In$_2$Sb$_6$]$^{10-}$ double chains along the crystallographic $c$ axis. The attempted cleavage along the $a$ axis revealed a more complex pattern. We combined the STS measurement on non-reconstructed (010) and (081) surfaces with DFT calculations to further elucidate the electronic structure of Eu$_5$In$_2$Sb$_6$. From our investigations so far, direct experimental evidence of the predicted topological surface states remains elusive.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Nematic state of the FeSe superconductor

We study the crystal structure of the tetragonal iron selenide FeSe and its nematic phase transition to the low-temperature orthorhombic structure using synchrotron x-ray and neutron scattering analyzed in both real and reciprocal space. We show that in the local structure the orthorhombic distortion associated with the electronically driven nematic order is more pronounced at short length scales. It also survives up to temperatures above 90 K where reciprocal-space analysis suggests tetragonal symmetry. Additionally, the real-space pair distribution function analysis of the synchrotron x-ray diffraction data reveals a tiny broadening of the peaks corresponding to the nearest Fe-Fe, nearest Fe-Se, and the next-nearest Fe-Se bond distances as well as the tetrahedral torsion angles at a short length scale of 20 angström. This broadening appears below 20 K and is attributed to a pseudogap. However, we did not observe any further reduction in local symmetry below orthorhombic down to 3 K. Our results suggest that the superconducting gap anisotropy in FeSe is not associated with any symmetry-lowering short-range structural correlations.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Phase stability in SmB$_6$

We investigate flux-grown Sm-deficient Sm$_x$B$_6$ ($x < 1$) by global and local tools, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), electronic transport, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). All these tools indicate a remarkable persistence of the SmB$_6$ local structure in the flux-grown samples even for nominal Sm concentrations as low as $x=0.75$. As a consequence, the overall electronic properties of Sm$_x$B$_6$, and particularly the surface conductance at low temperature, is only affected locally by the Sm-deficiency.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Comparative Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study on Hexaborides

We compare STM investigations on two hexaboride compounds, SmB$_6$ and EuB$_6$, in an effort to provide a comprehensive picture of their surface structural properties. The latter is of particular importance for studying the nature of the surface states in SmB$_6$ by surface-sensitive tools. Beyond the often encountered atomically rough surface topographies of {\it in situ}, low-temperature cleaved samples, differently reconstructed as well as B-terminated and, more rarely, rare-earth terminated areas could be found. With all the different surface topographies observed on both hexaborides, a reliable assignment of the surface terminations can be brought forward.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Magnetic and defect probes of the SmB$_6$ surface state

The impact of non-magnetic and magnetic impurities on topological insulators is a central problem concerning their fundamental physics and possible novel spintronics and quantum computing applications. SmB$_6$, predicted to be a topological Kondo insulator, is considered a benchmark material. Using a spin-polarized tip in scanning tunneling spectroscopy destroys the signature peak of the topological surface state, revealing its spin texture. Further, combining local STS with macroscopic transport measurements on SmB$_6$ containing different substitutions enables us to investigate the effect of impurities. The surface states around impurities are locally suppressed with different length scales depending on their magnetic properties and, for sufficiently high impurity level, globally destroyed. Our study points directly to the topological nature of SmB$_6$, and unveils, microscopically and macroscopically, how impurities -- magnetic or non-magnetic -- affect topological surface states.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Influence of disorder on the signature of pseudogap and multigap superconducting behavior in FeSe

We investigated several FeSe single crystals grown by two different methods by utilizing experimental techniques namely, resistivity, magnetoresistance, specific heat, scanning tunneling microscopy, and spectroscopy. The residual resistivity ratio (RRR) shows systematic differences between samples grown by chemical vapor transport and flux vapor transport, indicating variance in the amount of scattering centers. Although the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is not directly related to RRR, our study evidences subtle differences in the features of an incipient ordering mode related to a depletion of density of states at the Fermi level. For instance, the onset temperature of anisotropic spin-fluctuations at $T^* \approx 75$ K, and the temperature of the opening-up of a partial gap in the density of states at $T^{**} \approx 30$ K are not discernible in the samples with lower RRR. Further, we show that the functional dependence of the electronic specific heat below 2 K, which allows to determine the nodal features as well as the small superconducting gap, differs significantly in crystals grown by these two different methods. Our investigation suggests that some of the controversies about the driving mechanism for the superconducting gap or its structure and symmetry is related to minute differences in the crystals arising due to the growth techniques used and the total amount of scattering centers present in the sample.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Impurity-induced bound states inside the superconducting gap of FeSe

We investigate the local density of states in the vicinity of a native dumbbell defect arising from an Fe vacancy in FeSe single crystals. The tunneling spectra close to the impurity display two bound states inside the superconducting gap, equally spaced with respect to zero energy but asymmetric in amplitude. Using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations on realistic slab models with Fe vacancy, we show that such a defect does not induce a local magnetic moment. Therefore, the dumbbell defect is considered as non-magnetic. Thus, the in-gap bound states emerging from a non-magnetic defect-induced pair-breaking suggest a sign changing pairing state in this material.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Homogeneity range of ternary 11-type chalcogenides Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_x$

The 11-type Fe-chalcogenides belong to the family of Fe-based superconductors. In these compounds, the interstitial Fe is known to strongly influence the magnetic and superconducting properties. Here we present the chemical homogeneity range of ternary compounds Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_x$ based on powder x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and magnetization measurements. Our investigations show that the maximum amount of excess Fe in homogeneous Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_x$ decreases with increase in Se substitution for Te. Using our synthesis procedure, single-phase Fe$_{1+y}$Te$_{1-x}$Se$_x$, with $~0.5 \leq x <~1$ could not be formed for any amount of excess Fe. Further, the superconducting volume fraction in the material is found to be strongly suppressed by excess Fe.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Superconducting gap structure of FeSe

The microscopic mechanism governing the zero-resistance flow of current in some iron-based, high-temperature superconducting materials is not well understood up to now. A central issue concerning the investigation of these materials is their superconducting gap symmetry and structure. Here we present a combined study of low-temperature specific heat and scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements on single crystalline FeSe. The results reveal the existence of at least two superconducting gaps which can be represented by a phenomenological two-band model. The analysis of the specific heat suggests significant anisotropy in the gap magnitude with deep gap minima. The tunneling spectra display an overall "U"-shaped gap close to the Fermi level away as well as on top of twin boundaries. These results are compatible with the anisotropic nodeless models describing superconductivity in FeSe.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Additional energy scale in SmB$_6$ at low temperature

Topological insulators give rise to exquisite electronic properties due to their spin-momentum locked Dirac-cone-like band structure. Recently, it has been suggested that the required opposite parities between valence and conduction band along with strong spin-orbit coupling can be realized in correlated materials. Particularly, SmB$_6$ has been proposed as candidate material for a topological Kondo insulator. By utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements down to 0.35 K, we observed several states within the hybridization gap of about $\pm$20 meV on well characterized (001) surfaces of SmB$_6$. The spectroscopic response to impurities and magnetic fields allows to distinguish between dominating bulk and surface contributions to these states. The surface contributions develop particularly strongly below about 7 K which can be understood in terms of a breakdown of the Kondo effect at the surface. Our high-resolution data provide detailed insight into the electronic structure of SmB$_6$, which will reconcile many current discrepancies on this compound.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Synthesis, phase stability, structural and physical properties of 11-type iron chalcogenides

This article reviews recent experimental investigations on two binary Fe-chalcogenides: FeSe and Fe$_{1+y}$Te. The main focus is on synthesis, single crystal growth, chemical composition, as well as on the effect of excess iron on structural, magnetic, and transport properties of these materials. The structurally simplest Fe-based superconductor Fe$_{1+x}$Se with a critical temperature $T_c \approx$ 8.5 K undergoes a tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition at a temperature $T_s \approx$ 87 K. No long-range magnetic order is observed down to the lowest measured temperature in Fe$_{1+x}$Se. On the other hand, isostructural Fe$_{1+y}$Te displays a complex interplay of magnetic and structural phase transitions in dependence on the tuning parameter such as excess amount of Fe or pressure, but it becomes a superconductor only when Te is substituted by a sufficient amount of Se. We summarize experimental evidence for different competing interactions and discuss related open questions.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Emergence of an incipient ordering mode in FeSe

The structurally simplest Fe-based superconductor FeSe with a critical temperature $T_{c}\approx$ 8.5 K displays a breaking of the four-fold rotational symmetry at a temperature $T_{s}\approx 87$ K. We investigated the electronic properties of FeSe using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), magnetization, and electrical transport measurements. The results indicated two new energy scales (i) $T^{*} \approx$ 75 K denoted by an onset of electron-hole asymmetry in STS, enhanced spin fluctuations, and increased positive magnetoresistance; (ii) $T^{**} \approx$ 22 - 30 K, marked by opening up of a partial gap of about 8 meV in STS and a recovery of Kohler's rule. Our results reveal onset of an incipient ordering mode at $T^{*}$ and its nucleation below $T^{**}$. The ordering mode observed here, both in spin as well as charge channels, suggests a coupling between the spins with charge, orbital or pocket degrees of freedom.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

Low-temperature phase diagram of Fe1+yTe

We used low-temperature synchrotron x-ray diffraction to investigate the structural phase transitions of Fe1+yTe in the vicinity of a tricitical point in the phase diagram. Detailed analysis of the powder diffraction patterns and temperature dependence of the peak-widths in Fe1+yTe showed that two-step structural and magnetic phase transitions occur within the compositional range 0.11 $\leq y \leq $ 0.13. The phase transitions are sluggish indicating a strong competition between the orthorhombic and the monoclinic phases. We combine high-resolution diffraction experiments with specific heat, resistivity, and magnetization measurements and present a revised temperature-composition phase diagram for Fe1+yTe.

cond-mat.supr-con↗