arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Saharon Shelah.
A class K of structures is controlled if, for all cardinals lambda, the relation of L_{infty,lambda}-equivalence partitions K into a set of equivalence classes (as opposed to a proper class). We prove that the class of doubly transitive linear orders is controlled, while any pseudo-elementary class with the omega-independence property is not controlled.
If T has only countably many complete types, yet has a type of infinite multiplicity then there is a ccc forcing notion Q such that, in any Q --generic extension of the universe, there are non-isomorphic models M_1 and M_2 of T that can be forced isomorphic by a ccc forcing. We give examples showing that the hypothesis on the number of complete types is necessary and what happens if `ccc' is replaced other cardinal-preserving adjectives. We also give an example showing that membership in a pseudo-elementary class can be altered by very simple cardinal-preserving forcings.
If G and X are groups and N is a normal subgroup of X, then the G-closure of N in X is the normal subgroup X^G= bigcap{kerphi|phi:X-> G, with N subseteq kerphi} of X . In particular, 1^G = R_G X is the G-radical of X. Plotkin calls two groups G and H geometrically equivalent, written G H, if for any free group F of finite rank and any normal subgroup N of F the G-closure and the H-closure of N in F are the same. Quasiidentities are formulas of the form (bigwedge_{i<=n}w_i=1 -> w =1) for any words w, w_i (i<=n) in a free group. Generally geometrically equivalent groups satisfy the same quasiidentiies. Plotkin showed that nilpotent groups G and H satisfy the same quasiidenties if and only if G and H are geometrically equivalent. Hence he conjectured that this might hold for any pair of groups. We provide a counterexample.
An infinite linearly ordered set (S,<=) is called doubly homogeneous if its automorphism group A(S) acts 2-transitively on it. We show that any group G arises as outer automorphism group G cong Out(A(S)) of the automorphism group A(S), for some doubly homogeneous chain (S,<=).
Solecki proved that the group of automorphisms of a countable structure cannot be an uncountable free abelian group. See more in Just, Shelah and Thomas math.LO/0003120 where as a by product we can say something on on uncountable structures. We prove here the following Theorem: If A is a countable model, then Aut(M) cannot be a free uncountable group.
If T is an model complete theory with the strict order property, then the theory of the models of T with an automorphism has no model companion.
We give a new proof that there are arbitrarily large indecomposable abelian groups; moreover, the groups constructed are absolutely indecomposable, that is, they remain indecomposable in any generic extension. However, any absolutely rigid family of groups has cardinality less than the partition cardinal kappa(omega).
If we assume the axiom of choice, then every two cardinal numbers are comparable. In the absence of the axiom of choice, this is no longer so. For a few cardinalities related to an arbitrary infinite set, we will give all the possible relationships between them, where possible means that the relationship is consistent with the axioms of set theory. Further we investigate the relationships between some other cardinal numbers in specific permutation models and give some results provable without using the axiom of choice.
In answer to a question of P. Hall, we supply another construction of a group which is isomorphic to each of its non-trivial normal subgroups.
A group homomorphism eta:A-> H is called a localization of A if every homomorphism phi:A-> H can be `extended uniquely' to a homomorphism Phi:H-> H in the sense that Phi eta = phi. This categorical concepts, obviously not depending on the notion of groups, extends classical localizations as known for rings and modules. Moreover this setting has interesting applications in homotopy theory. For localizations eta:A-> H of (almost) commutative structures A often H resembles properties of A, e.g. size or satisfying certain systems of equalities and non-equalities. Perhaps the best known example is that localizations of finite abelian groups are finite abelian groups. This is no longer the case if A is a finite (non-abelian) group. Libman showed that A_n-> SO_{n-1}(R) for a natural embedding of the alternating group A_n is a localization if n even and n >= 10 . Answering an immediate question by Dror Farjoun and assuming the generalized continuum hypothesis GCH we recently showed in math.LO/9912191 that any non-abelian finite simple has arbitrarily large localizations. In this paper we want to remove GCH so that the result becomes valid in ordinary set theory. At the same time we want to generalize the statement for a larger class of A 's.
Philip Hall raised around 1965 the following question which is stated in the Kourovka Notebook: Is there a non-trivial group which is isomorphic with every proper extension of itself by itself? We will decompose the problem into two parts: We want to find non-commutative splitters, that are groups G not= 1 with Ext(G,G)=1 . The class of splitters fortunately is quite large so that extra properties can be added to G. We can consider groups G with the following properties: There is a complete group L with cartesian product L^omega cong G, Hom(L^omega,S_omega)=0 (S_omega the infinite symmetric group acting on omega) and End(L,L)=Inn(L) cup {0}. We will show that these properties ensure that G is a splitter and hence obviously a Hall-group in the above sense. Then we will apply a recent result from our joint paper math.GR/0009089 which also shows that such groups exist, in fact there is a class of Hall-groups which is not a set.
We prove that for any superatomic Boolean Algebra of cardinality >beth_omega there is an automorphism moving uncountably many atoms. Similarly for larger cardinals. Any of those results are essentially best possible.
We prove the consistency result from the title. By forcing we construct a model of g=aleph_1, b=cf(Sym(omega))=aleph_2.
In this paper we investigate some properties of first order theories which prevent them from having universal models under certain cardinal arithmetic assumptions. Our results give a new syntactical condition, oak property, which is a sufficient condition for a theory not to have universal models in cardinality lambda when certain cardinal arithmetic assumptions implying the failure of GCH (and close to the failure of SCH) hold.
We prove that for every singular cardinal mu of cofinality omega, the complete Boolean algebra compP_mu(mu) contains as a complete subalgebra an isomorphic copy of the collapse algebra Comp Col(omega_1,mu^{aleph_0}). Consequently, adding a generic filter to the quotient algebra P_mu(mu)=P(mu)/[mu]^{<mu} collapses mu^{aleph_0} to aleph_1. Another corollary is that the Baire number of the space U(mu) of all uniform ultrafilters over mu is equal to omega_2. The corollaries affirm two conjectures by Balcar and Simon. The proof uses pcf theory.
We show that a strong form of the so called Lindstrom's Theorem fails to generalize to extensions of L_{kappa,omega} and L_{kappa,kappa}: For weakly compact kappa there is no strongest extension of L_{kappa,omega} with the (kappa,kappa)-compactness property and the Lowenheim-Skolem theorem down to kappa. With an additional set-theoretic assumption, there is no strongest extension of L_{kappa,kappa} with the (kappa,kappa)-compactness property and the Lowenheim-Skolem theorem down to <kappa.
A relevant thesis is that for the family of complete first order theories with NIP (i.e. without the independence property) there is a substantial theory, like the family of stable (and the family of simple) first order theories. We examine some properties.
For a ring R, denote by Spec^R_kappa(Gamma) the kappa-spectrum of the Gamma-invariant of strongly uniform right R-modules. Recent realization techniques of Goodearl and Wehrung show that Spec^R_{aleph_1}(Gamma) is full for suitable von Neumann regular algebras R, but the techniques do not extend to cardinals kappa>aleph_1. By a direct construction, we prove that for any field F and any regular uncountable cardinal kappa there is an F-algebra R such that Spec^R_kappa(Gamma) is full. We also derive some consequences for the complexity of Ziegler spectra of infinite dimensional algebras.