arXiv subjects

Salvatore Perna

Publications and source records attributed to Salvatore Perna.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Hyperchaos in a Magnetic Nanodisk Driven by Ferromagnetic Resonance

We investigate the chaotic dynamics driven in the nonlinear regime of ferromagnetic resonance of an out-of-plane magnetized nanodisk in detail. By combining extensive micromagnetic simulations with time-series analysis across the control parameter space, we map the topological transitions from stable periodic orbits to strange attractors and quantify the dynamical complexity. Despite the simplicity of our nanoscale system, we evidence that it can exhibit hyperchaotic dynamics with up to three positive Lyapunov exponents in vast regions of the control plane accessible to experimental studies. Using a mode projection technique, we unveil that the generated complexity is related to the number of quantized spin-wave modes participating in the dynamics. Our findings establish magnon-spintronic nanodevices as versatile entropy sources for unconventional processing of information.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2026

Nonlinear interaction theory for parametrically-excited spin-wave modes in confined micromagnetic systems

We present a general theoretical approach for the quantitative description of parametric excitation of spin-wave modes in confined micromagnetic systems. This type of problem belongs to a broader class of nonlinear modal dynamics that arise across many areas of physics and engineering. The ferromagnetic sample is driven by parallel pumping with an external applied magnetic field having two tones at different frequencies, which are able to trigger parametric instability of two resonant modes. The two excited spin-wave modes interact in a strongly nonlinear fashion giving rise to quasiperiodicity, hysteresis and non-commutativity of steady-state oscillation regimes. To disentangle such a complex variety of dynamics, we develop a reduced-order model based on magnetization normal modes that is amenable of appropriate analytical treatment, leading to quantitative description of parametric instability thresholds, post-instability steady-state amplitude saturation and complete determination of phase diagrams for steady-state oscillation regimes. We have performed validation of the theory using numerical simulations. The phase diagrams allow to predict and explain all the features of the nonlinear interaction between the parametrically-excited spin-wave modes and can be directly compared with experimental results.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2026

Nonlinear mode interactions under parametric excitation in a YIG microdisk

A pair of quantized spin-wave modes is driven by two-tone parallel pumping in a YIG microdisk. The nonlinear dynamics is experimentally investigated by probing the resulting steady state, which is found to critically depend on the chosen pair of modes, the detuning between the pump frequencies and the modes parametric resonance, as well as the temporal sequence of the two rf tones. A general theory of parametric excitation in confined structures based on magnetization normal modes is developed and quantitatively accounts for the observed dependence and non-commutative behaviors, which emerge from the interplay between the self and mutual nonlinear frequency shifts of the spin-wave modes. Owing to its high degree of external controllability and scalability to larger sets of modes, this dynamical system provides a model platform for exploring nonlinear phenomena and a promising route toward rf driven state mapping relevant to neuromorphic and unconventional computing.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2025

Radio-frequency assisted switching in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) relies on nanoscale magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as its fundamental building blocks. Next-generation STT-MRAM requires strategies that simultaneously improve switching energy efficiency and device endurance. Here, we present the first study of perpendicular STT-MRAM writing assisted by radio-frequency (RF) spin torque. We show that applying a small-amplitude RF pulse prior to a direct-current (DC) writing pulse enhances the MTJ switching probability, with the efficiency gain increasing at lower RF frequencies. This RF+DC writing scheme enables shorter DC pulses, thereby improving device endurance. Analytical and numerical modeling qualitatively reproduces the experimental trends, while quantitative discrepancies indicate that realistic MTJ properties beyond idealized models play an important role in RF-assisted switching.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2025

Soft-X-ray momentum microscopy of nonlinear magnon interactions below 100-nm wavelength

Magnons are quantised collective excitations of long-range ordered spins. At nanometre wavelengths, exchange interactions increasingly govern their dynamics, giving rise to a largely unexplored regime of couplings between magnons and other quasiparticles. Yet, detecting such short-wavelength spin waves has remained a key experimental challenge. Here, we introduce Magnon Momentum Microscopy (MMM) -- a quasi-elastic, resonant magnetic soft-X-ray scattering technique that directly images magnon populations across two-dimensional momentum space. Owing to its remarkable sensitivity, MMM can capture nonlinear magnon-magnon interactions over large regions of the dispersion plane. Applying MMM to the prototypical magnonic material yttrium iron garnet (YIG), we uncover a rich variety of previously unobserved nonlinear magnon interactions. With its element specificity, bulk sensitivity, as well as intrinsic access to nanometre-scale wavelengths without frequency limitation, soft-X-ray MMM establishes a powerful and versatile platform for exploring short-wavelength and nonlinear magnonics.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2025

Self-modulation instability in high power ferromagnetic resonance of BiYIG nanodisks

We study the high power ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of perpendicularly magnetized BiYIG nanodisks where the uniaxial anisotropy almost compensates the shape anisotropy. We observe a strong saturation of the averaged magnetization upon moderately increasing the amplitude of the rf field and a broadening of the FMR line towards lower and higher magnetic field. Full micromagnetic simulations reveal that a self-modulation of the dynamic magnetization is responsible of this behavior. To get more insight into this unstable dynamics, it is analysed in terms of normal modes. The number of modes involved is found to rapidly increase above the critical threshold. Still, a normal modes model taking into account only a few of them and their mutual nonlinear couplings allows us to qualitatively reproduce the observed phenomenon. The normal modes analysis and micromagnetic simulations also predict a Suhl-like instability at larger excitation power when it is slowly increased from low values, and bistability. Using two-tone spectroscopy, we directly measure the self-modulation spectrum and provide experimental evidence of bistable dynamics. These findings open some perspectives of using high dimensional dynamics in magnetic nanostructures for unconventional information processing.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2024

Quantum Micromagnetic Theory of Magnons in Finite Nanostructures

This paper presents a quantum field theoretical formalism for studying magnons in finite nanostructures with arbitrary shapes and spatially nonuniform ground states. It extends the classical micromagnetic formalism by introducing a micromagnetic Hamiltonian quantum operator, which incorporates exchange, Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya, anisotropy, magnetostatic, and Zeeman energies. The nonuniformity of the ground state is handled by pointwise aligning the quantization axis of the magnetization field operator with the classical ground state. The Hamiltonian is expanded in the large spin-number limit and truncated to retain only terms quadratic in the components of the magnetization operator transverse to the quantization axis. This quadratic Hamiltonian is used to derive the linear quantum Landau-Lifshitz equation. By diagonalizing this equation under appropriate boundary and normalization conditions, a discrete set of magnon creation and annihilation operators is obtained, enabling a complete description of the magnon spectrum. Finally, the theory is applied to study the effects of temperature and shape on low-temperature thermal equilibrium fluctuations of magnons in thin ferromagnetic nanodisks.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2024

Mode-resolved micromagnetics study of parametric spin wave excitation in thin-film disks

We present a computational study of the parametric excitation of spin waves in thin film disks with a mode-resolved approach. The method involves projecting out the time-dependent magnetization, computed using micromagnetics simulations, onto the spatial profile of the eigenmodes that are obtained from the linearization of the equations of motion. Unlike spectral analysis in the frequency domain, the projection allows for the analysis of transient mode dynamics under parametric excitation. We apply this method to parallel pumping of quantized spin wave modes in in-plane magnetized thin-film disks, where phenomena such as frequency pulling, mutual phase locking, and higher-order magnon scattering processes are identified.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2023

Midpoint geometric integrators for inertial magnetization dynamics

We consider the numerical solution of the inertial version of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (iLLG), which describes high-frequency nutation on top of magnetization precession due to angular momentum relaxation. The iLLG equation defines a higher-order nonlinear dynamical system with very different nature compared to the classical LLG equation, requiring twice as many degrees of freedom for space-time discretization. It exhibits essential conservation properties, namely magnetization amplitude preservation, magnetization projection conservation, and a balance equation for generalized free energy, leading to a Lyapunov structure (i.e. the free energy is a decreasing function of time) when the external magnetic field is constant in time. We propose two second-order numerical schemes for integrating the iLLG dynamics over time, both based on implicit midpoint rule. The first scheme unconditionally preserves all the conservation properties, making it the preferred choice for simulating inertial magnetization dynamics. However, it implies doubling the number of unknowns, necessitating significant changes in numerical micromagnetic codes and increasing computational costs especially for spatially inhomogeneous dynamics simulations. To address this issue, we present a second time-stepping method that retains the same computational cost as the implicit midpoint rule for classical LLG dynamics while unconditionally preserving magnetization amplitude and projection. Special quasi-Newton techniques are developed for solving the nonlinear system of equations required at each time step due to the implicit nature of both time-steppings. The numerical schemes are validated on analytical solution for macrospin terahertz frequency response and the effectiveness of the second scheme is demonstrated with full micromagnetic simulation of inertial spin waves propagation in a magnetic thin-film.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2023

Micromagnetic study of inertial spin waves in ferromagnetic nanodots

Here we report the possibility to excite ultra-short spin waves in ferromagnetic thin-films by using time-harmonic electromagnetic fields with terahertz frequency. Such ultra-fast excitation requires to include inertial effects in the description of magnetization dynamics. In this respect, we consider the inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (iLLG) equation and develop analytical theory for exchange-dominated inertial spin waves. The theory predicts a finite limit for inertial spin wave propagation velocity, as well as spin wave spatial decay and lifetime as function of material parameters. Then, guided by the theory, we perform numerical micromagnetic simulations that demonstrate the excitation of ultra-short inertial spin waves (20 nm long) propagating at finite speed in a confined magnetic nanodot. The results are in agreement with the theory and provide the order of magnitude of quantities observable in realistic ultra-fast dynamics experiments.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2021

Non-hermiticity in spintronics: oscillation death in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators through emerging exceptional points

The emergence of exceptional points (EPs) in the parameter space of a non-hermitian (2D) eigenvalue problem is studied in a general sense in mathematical physics, and has in the last decade successively reached the scope of experiments. In coupled systems, it gives rise to unique physical phenomena, which enable novel approaches for the development of seminal types of highly sensitive sensors. Here, we demonstrate at room temperature the emergence of EPs in coupled spintronic nanoscale oscillators and hence exploit the system's non-hermiticity. We describe the observation of amplitude death of self-oscillations and other complex dynamics, and develop a linearized non-hermitian model of the coupled spintronic system, which properly describes the main experimental features. Interestingly, these spintronic nanoscale oscillators are deployment-ready in different applicational technologies, such as field, current or rotation sensors, radiofrequeny and wireless devices and, more recently, novel neuromorphic hardware solutions. Their unique and versatile properties, notably their large nonlinear behavior, open up unprecedented perspectives in experiments as well as in theory on the physics of exceptional points. Furthermore, the exploitation of EPs in spintronics devises a new paradigm for ultrasensitive nanoscale sensors and the implementation of complex dynamics in the framework of non-conventional computing.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2021

Magnetization switching in the inertial regime

We have numerically solved the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation in its standard and inertial forms to study the magnetization switching dynamics in a $3d$ thin film ferromagnet. The dynamics is triggered by ultrashort magnetic field pulses of varying width and amplitude in the picosecond and Tesla range. We have compared the solutions of the two equations in terms of switching characteristic, speed and energy analysis. Both equations return qualitatively similar switching dynamics, characterized by regions of slower precessional behavior and faster ballistic motion. In case of inertial dynamics, ballistic switching is found in a 25 % wider region in the parameter space given by the magnetic field amplitude and width. The energy analysis of the dynamics is qualitatively different for the standard and inertial LLG equations. In the latter case, an extra energy channel, interpreted as the kinetic energy of the system, is available. Such extra channel is responsible for a resonant energy absorption at THz frequencies, consistent with the occurence of spin nutation.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2020

Microstructure Role in Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Losses

The impact of granular microstructure in permanent magnets on eddy current losses are investigated. A numerical homogenization procedure for electrical conductivity is defined. Then, an approximated simple analytical model for the homogenized conductivity able to capture the main features of the geometrical and material dependences is derived. Finally eddy current losses analytical calculations are given, and the two asymptotic expressions for losses in the stationary conduction limit and advanced skin effect limit are derived and discussed.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2020

Analysis in k-space of Magnetization Dynamics Driven by Strong Terahertz Fields

Demagnetization in a thin film due to a terahertz pulse of magnetic field is investigated. Linearized LLG equation in the Fourier space to describe the magnetization dynamics is derived, and spin waves time evolution is studied. Finally, the demagnetization due to spin waves dynamics and recent experimental observations on similar magnetic system are compared. As a result of it, the marginal role of spin waves dynamics in loss of magnetization is established.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2018

Magnetization reversal driven by low dimensional chaos in a nanoscale ferromagnet

Energy-efficient switching of magnetization is a central problem in nonvolatile magnetic storage and magnetic neuromorphic computing. In the past two decades, several efficient methods of magnetic switching were demonstrated including spin torque, magneto-electric, and microwave-assisted switching mechanisms. Here we report the discovery of a new mechanism giving rise to magnetic switching. We experimentally show that low-dimensional magnetic chaos induced by alternating spin torque can strongly increase the rate of thermally-activated magnetic switching in a nanoscale ferromagnet. This mechanism exhibits a well-pronounced threshold character in spin torque amplitude and its efficiency increases with decreasing spin torque frequency. We present analytical and numerical calculations that quantitatively explain these experimental findings and reveal the key role played by low-dimensional magnetic chaos near saddle equilibria in enhancement of the switching rate. Our work unveils an important interplay between chaos and stochasticity in the energy assisted switching of magnetic nanosystems and paves the way towards improved energy efficiency of spin torque memory and logic.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗