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Samy Kaci

Publications and source records attributed to Samy Kaci.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

Probing Dark Matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre with TRIDENT

We determine the future sensitivity of the TRIDENT neutrino telescope to dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre. By applying the full detector design and assuming an NFW halo profile, we show that TRIDENT will probe annihilation cross-section down to $\langle\sigma v\rangle\approx5\times10^{-27}\,{\rm cm}^3\,{\rm s}^{-1}$ for $10\,{\rm TeV}$ dark matter, falling below the thermal freeze-out benchmark. The analysis is carried out with all-flavour neutrino interactions, where we demonstrate that cascade events, primarily due to $\nu_{e,\tau}$, show greater sensitivity to a dark matter signal compared to the more commonly studied track events. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of a previously overlooked background, Galactic neutrinos produced from interactions between hadronic cosmic rays and interstellar gas. We find dark matter sensitivities are more strongly degraded in the high energy region above $\sim 10\, {\rm TeV}$, with a maximal weakening of approximately a factor of 2. This effect remains smaller than the uncertainty associated with the dark matter density profile but can nonetheless mimic a positive annihilation signal. We contextualise these results with a concrete particle model and show that TRIDENT will be able to probe the most interesting untested parts of parameter space.

hep-ph

A Self-Consistent Model of the Ultra High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission of Pulsar Wind Nebulae: Insights from LHAASO and ATNF Catalogs

Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are the dominant Ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-ray sources in the LHAASO catalog suggesting that they are the dominant leptonic PeVatrons in our Galaxy. Despite this, still very little is known about their UHE gamma-ray emission, their number in the Galaxy, or their contribution to the gamma-ray emission of our Galaxy. In this work, we propose a self-consistent data-driven model of the UHE gamma-ray emission of PWNe based on the ATNF and LHAASO catalogs. More specifically, we build a model of the UHE gamma-ray emission of PWNe that preserves the statistical relationships in the ATNF catalog and reproduces the number of PWNe detected in the LHAASO catalog. To cope with the limited data available in the LHAASO catalog when performing fits on gamma-ray data, we introduce the concept of censored regression that allows to also use the information provided by unresolved sources. Using our model, we find that reproducing the number of PWNe detected by LHAASO requires either fractions of misaligned pulsars smaller ($\lesssim60\%$) than usually found in the literature, or that some of the associations of PWNe to ATNF pulsars made by LHAASO may not be true. In both cases, we find that in order to reach self-consistency between radio and gamma-ray data, it is necessary that the majority of the unidentified sources in the LHAASO catalog are PWNe associated to an unseen pulsar. Moreover, using our model we also find that the contribution of unresolved PWNe to the total (diffuse) gamma-ray background measured by LHAASO in the $1-1000\,\rm{TeV}$ range is always smaller than $\lesssim10\%$ ($\lesssim30\%$). We conclude that PWNe mostly contribute to the source component of the UHE gamma-ray sky, while having almost no imprint on its diffuse component.

astro-ph.HE

Microquasars as the major contributors to Galactic cosmic rays around the "knee"

Recently, LHAASO detected a gamma-ray emission extending beyond $100\,\rm{TeV}$ from 4 sources associated to powerful microquasars. We propose that such sources are the main Galactic PeVatrons and investigate their contribution to the proton and gamma-ray fluxes by modeling their entire population. We find that the presence of only $\sim10$ active powerful microquasars in the Galaxy at any given time is sufficient to account for the proton flux around the knee and to provide a very good explanation of cosmic-ray and gamma-ray data in a self-consistent picture. The $10\,\rm{TeV}$ bump and the $300\,\rm{TeV}$ hardening in the cosmic-ray spectrum naturally appear, and the diffuse background measured by LHAASO above a few tens of $\rm{TeV}$ is accounted for. This supports the paradigm in which cosmic rays around the knee are predominantly accelerated in a very limited number of powerful microquasars.

astro-ph.HE

On the Contribution of Unresolved Pulsars to the Ultra-high-energy Galactic Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission

The ultra high-energy (UHE) Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission holds important information on the propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. However, its measurements suffer from a contamination from unresolved sources whose contribution remains unclear. In this Letter, we propose a novel data-driven estimate of the contribution of unresolved pulsar wind nebulae and TeV halos based on the information present in the ATNF and the LHAASO catalogs. We find that in the inner Galaxy, this contribution is limited to $\sim38\%\pm10\%$ of the diffuse flux measured by LHAASO at $\sim20\,\rm{TeV}$ in the case where all sources associated to pulsars contribute as unresolved sources, and this fraction drops with energy to less than $21\%\pm6\%$ above $100\,\rm{TeV}$. In the outer Galaxy, this contribution is always subdominant. In particular, it reaches at most $\sim18\%\pm2\%$ at $10\,\rm{TeV}$ and is less than $\sim7\%\pm1\%$ above $\sim25\,\rm{TeV}$. We conclude that the UHE Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission cannot be dominated by unresolved pulsar sources above a few tens of $\rm{TeV}$.

astro-ph.HE

Imprints of PeV cosmic-ray sources on the diffuse gamma-ray emission

We present our new model for the description of the very high energy Galactic gamma-ray emission based on a discrete injection of cosmic rays by individual sources. We investigate the morphology of the very high energy gamma-ray sky, the detectability of cosmic-ray sources and the clumpiness of the diffuse gamma-ray flux, assuming two different scenarios for cosmic-ray propagation. Namely, a standard isotropic and homogeneous diffusion process and an isotropic and inhomogeneous diffusion process. We notably formulate a possible explanation to the small number of hadronic PeVatrons recently detected by LHAASO. In the case of the inhomogeneous diffusion process, we constrain the number of hadronic PeVatrons to be small. Finally, we give an argument that may explain the discrepancy between the interstellar gas density distribution and the very high energy diffuse gamma-ray flux.

astro-ph.HE