arXiv subjects

Sandip P. Trivedi

Publications and source records attributed to Sandip P. Trivedi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2011

Holographic Fermi and Non-Fermi Liquids with Transitions in Dilaton Gravity

We study the two-point function for fermionic operators in a class of strongly coupled systems using the gauge-gravity correspondence. The gravity description includes a gauge field and a dilaton which determines the gauge coupling and the potential energy. Extremal black brane solutions in this system typically have vanishing entropy. By analyzing a charged fermion in these extremal black brane backgrounds we calculate the two-point function of the corresponding boundary fermionic operator. We find that in some region of parameter space it is of Fermi liquid type. Outside this region no well-defined quasi-particles exist, with the excitations acquiring a non-vanishing width at zero frequency. At the transition, the two-point function can exhibit non-Fermi liquid behaviour.

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arXiv2010

Axions as Quintessence in String Theory

We construct a model of quintessence in string theory based on the idea of axion monodromy as discussed by McAllister, Silverstein and Westphal arXiv:0808.0706. In the model, the quintessence field is an axion whose shift symmetry is broken by the presence of 5-branes which are placed in highly warped throats. This gives rise to a potential for the axion field which is slowly varying, even after incorporating the effects of moduli stabilization and supersymmetry breaking. We find that the resulting time dependence in the equation of state of Dark Energy is potentially detectable, depending on the initial conditions. The model has many very light extra particles which live in the highly warped throats, but these are hard to detect. A signal in the rotation of the CMB polarization can also possibly arise.

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arXiv2010

Holography of Dyonic Dilaton Black Branes

We study black branes carrying both electric and magnetic charges in Einstein-Maxwell theory coupled to a dilaton-axion in asymptotically anti de Sitter space. After reviewing and extending earlier results for the case of electrically charged branes, we characterise the thermodynamics of magnetically charged branes. We then focus on dyonic branes in theories which enjoy an $SL(2,R)$ electric-magnetic duality. Using $SL(2,R)$, we are able to generate solutions with arbitrary charges starting with the electrically charged solution, and also calculate transport coefficients. These solutions all exhibit a Lifshitz-like near-horizon geometry. The system behaves as expected for a charged fluid in a magnetic field, with non-vanishing Hall conductance and vanishing DC longitudinal conductivity at low temperatures. Its response is characterised by a cyclotron resonance at a frequency proportional to the magnetic field, for small magnetic fields. Interestingly, the DC Hall conductance is related to the attractor value of the axion. We also study the attractor flows of the dilaton-axion, both in cases with and without an additional modular-invariant scalar potential. The flows exhibit intricate behaviour related to the duality symmetry. Finally, we briefly discuss attractor flows in more general dilaton-axion theories which do not enjoy $SL(2,R)$ symmetry.

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arXiv2010

Holography of Charged Dilaton Black Holes

We study charged dilaton black branes in $AdS_4$. Our system involves a dilaton $ϕ$ coupled to a Maxwell field $F_{μν}$ with dilaton-dependent gauge coupling, ${1\over g^2} = f^2(ϕ)$. First, we find the solutions for extremal and near extremal branes through a combination of analytical and numerical techniques. The near horizon geometries in the simplest cases, where $f(ϕ) = e^{αϕ}$, are Lifshitz-like, with a dynamical exponent $z$ determined by $α$. The black hole thermodynamics varies in an interesting way with $α$, but in all cases the entropy is vanishing and the specific heat is positive for the near extremal solutions. We then compute conductivity in these backgrounds. We find that somewhat surprisingly, the AC conductivity vanishes like $ω^2$ at T=0 independent of $α$. We also explore the charged black brane physics of several other classes of gauge-coupling functions $f(ϕ)$. In addition to possible applications in AdS/CMT, the extremal black branes are of interest from the point of view of the attractor mechanism. The near horizon geometries for these branes are universal, independent of the asymptotic values of the moduli, and describe generic classes of endpoints for attractor flows which are different from $AdS_2\times R^2$.

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arXiv2010

On The Stability Of Non-Supersymmetric AdS Vacua

We consider two infinite families of Non-Supersymmetric $AdS_4$ vacua, called Type 2) and Type 3) vacua, that arise in massive IIA supergravity with flux. We show that both families are perturbatively stable. We then examine non-perturbative decays of these vacua to other supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric $AdS_4$ vacua mediated by instantons in the thin wall approximation. We find that many decays are ruled out since the tension of the interpolating domain wall is too big compared to the energy difference in AdS units. In fact, within our approximations no decays of Type 2) vacua are allowed, although some decays are only marginally forbidden. This can be understood in terms of a "pairing symmetry" in the landscape which relate Type 2) vacua with supersymmetric ones of the same energy.

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arXiv2009

Gauge Theories with Time Dependent Couplings and their Cosmological Duals

We consider the N=4 SYM theory in flat 3+1 dimensional spacetime with a time dependent coupling constant which vanishes at $t=0$, like $g_{YM}^2=t^p$. In an analogous quantum mechanics toy model we find that the response is singular. The energy diverges at $t=0$, for a generic state. In addition, if $p>1$ the phase of the wave function has a wildly oscillating behavior, which does not allow it to be continued past $t=0$. A similar effect would make the gauge theory singular as well, though nontrivial effects of renormalization could tame this singularity and allow a smooth continuation beyond $t=0$. The gravity dual in some cases is known to be a time dependent cosmology which exhibits a space-like singularity at $t=0$. Our results, if applicable in the gauge theory for the case of the vanishing coupling, imply that the singularity is a genuine sickness and does not admit a meaningful continuation. When the coupling remains non-zero and becomes small at $t=0$, the curvature in the bulk becomes of order the string scale. The gauge theory now admits a time evolution beyond this point. In this case, a finite amount of energy is produced which possibly thermalizes and leads to a black hole in the bulk.

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arXiv2009

Stable Non-Supersymmetric Throats in String Theory

We construct a large class of non-supersymmetric AdS-like throat geometries in string theory by taking non-supersymmetric orbifolds of supersymmetric backgrounds. The scale of SUSY breaking is the AdS radius, and the dual field theory has explicitly broken supersymmetry. The large hierarchy of energy scales in these geometries is stable. We establish this by showing that the dual gauge theories do not have any relevant operators which are singlets under the global symmetries. When the geometries are embedded in a compact internal space, a large enough discrete subgroup of the global symmetries can still survive to prevent any singlet relevant operators from arising. We illustrate this by embedding one case in a non-supersymmetric orbifold of a Calabi-Yau manifold. These examples can serve as a starting point for obtaining Randall-Sundrum models in string theory, and more generally for constructing composite Higgs or technicolor-like models where strongly coupled dynamics leads to the breaking of electro-weak symmetry. Towards the end of the paper, we briefly discuss how bulk gauge fields can be incorporated by introducing D7-branes in the bulk, and also show how the strongly coupled dynamics can lead to an emergent weakly coupled gauge theory in the IR with matter fields including scalars.

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arXiv2009

Forced Fluid Dynamics from Gravity

We generalise the computations of arXiv:0712.2456 to generate long wavelength, asymptotically locally AdS_5 solutions to the Einstein-dilaton system with a slowly varying boundary dilaton field and a weakly curved boundary metric. Upon demanding regularity, our solutions are dual, under the AdS/CFT correspondence, to arbitrary fluid flows in the boundary theory formulated on a weakly curved manifold with a prescribed slowly varying coupling constant. These solutions turn out to be parametrised by four-velocity and temperature fields that are constrained to obey the boundary covariant Navier Stokes equations with a dilaton dependent forcing term. We explicitly evaluate the stress tensor and Lagrangian as a function of the velocity, temperature, coupling constant and curvature fields, to second order in the derivative expansion and demonstrate the Weyl covariance of these expressions. We also construct the event horizon of the dual solutions to second order in the derivative expansion, and use the area form on this event horizon to construct an entropy current for the dual fluid. As a check of our constructions we expand the exactly known solutions for rotating black holes in global AdS_5 in a boundary derivative expansion and find perfect agreement with all our results upto second order. We also find other simple solutions of the forced fluid mechanics equations and discuss their bulk interpretation. Our results may aid in determining a bulk dual to forced flows exhibiting steady state turbulence.

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arXiv2008

Duality Symmetry and the Cardy Limit

We study supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric extremal black holes obtained in Type IIA string theory compactified on K3 X T^2, with duality group O(6,22,Z) X SL(2,Z). In the Cardy limit an internal circle combines with the AdS_2 component in the near horizon geometry to give a BTZ black hole whose entropy is given by the Cardy formula. We study black holes carrying D0-D4 and D0-D6 brane charges. We find, both in the supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric cases, that a generic set of charges cannot be brought to the Cardy limit using the duality symmetries. In the non-supersymmetric case, unlike the supersymmetric one, we find that when the charges are large, a small fractional change in them always allows the charges to be taken to the Cardy limit. These results could lead to a microscopic determination of the entropy for extremal non-supersymmetric black holes, including rotating cases like the extreme Kerr black hole in four dimensions.

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arXiv2007

Gauge Theory Duals of Cosmological Backgrounds and their Energy Momentum Tensors

We revisit Type IIB supergravity backgrounds with null and spacelike singularities with natural gauge theory duals proposed in {\tt hep-th/0602107} and {\tt hep-th/0610053}. We show that for these backgrounds there are always choices of the boundaries of these deformed $AdS_5 \times S^5$ space-times, such that the dual gauge theories live on {\it flat} metrics and have space-time dependent couplings. We present a new time dependent solution of this kind where the effective string coupling is always bounded and vanishes at a spacelike singularity in the bulk, and the space-time becomes $AdS_5 \times S^5$ at early and late times. The holographic energy momentum tensor calculated with a choice of flat boundary is shown to vanish for null backgrounds and to be generically non-zero for time dependent backgrounds.

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arXiv2007

On The Stability of Non-Supersymmetric Attractors in String Theory

We study non-supersymmetric attractors obtained in Type IIA compactifications on Calabi Yau manifolds. Determining if an attractor is stable or unstable requires an algebraically complicated analysis in general. We show using group theoretic techniques that this analysis can be considerably simplified and can be reduced to solving a simple example like the STU model. For attractors with D0-D4 brane charges, determining stability requires expanding the effective potential to quartic order in the massless fields. We obtain the full set of these terms. For attractors with D0-D6 brane charges, we find that there is a moduli space of solutions and the resulting attractors are stable. Our analysis is restricted to the two derivative action.

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arXiv2006

Cosmologies with Null Singularities and their Gauge Theory Duals

We investigate backgrounds of Type IIB string theory with null singularities and their duals proposed in hep-th/0602107. The dual theory is a deformed N=4 Yang-Mills theory in 3+1 dimensions with couplings dependent on a light-like direction. We concentrate on backgrounds which become AdS_5 x S^5 at early and late times and where the string coupling is bounded, vanishing at the singularity. Our main conclusion is that in these cases the dual gauge theory is nonsingular. We show this by arguing that there exists a complete set of gauge invariant observables in the dual gauge theory whose correlation functions are nonsingular at all times. The two-point correlator for some operators calculated in the gauge theory does not agree with the result from the bulk supergravity solution. However, the bulk calculation is invalid near the singularity where corrections to the supergravity approximation become important. We also obtain pp-waves which are suitable Penrose limits of this general class of solutions, and construct the Matrix Membrane theory which describes these pp-wave backgrounds.

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arXiv2006

Rotating Attractors

We prove that, in a general higher derivative theory of gravity coupled to abelian gauge fields and neutral scalar fields, the entropy and the near horizon background of a rotating extremal black hole is obtained by extremizing an entropy function which depends only on the parameters labeling the near horizon background and the electric and magnetic charges and angular momentum carried by the black hole. If the entropy function has a unique extremum then this extremum must be independent of the asymptotic values of the moduli scalar fields and the solution exhibits attractor behaviour. If the entropy function has flat directions then the near horizon background is not uniquely determined by the extremization equations and could depend on the asymptotic data on the moduli fields, but the value of the entropy is still independent of this asymptotic data. We illustrate these results in the context of two derivative theories of gravity in several examples. These include Kerr black hole, Kerr-Newman black hole, black holes in Kaluza-Klein theory, and black holes in toroidally compactified heterotic string theory.

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arXiv2006

Time Dependent Cosmologies and Their Duals

We construct a family of solutions in IIB supergravity theory. These are time dependent or depend on a light-like coordinate and can be thought of as deformations of AdS_5 x S^5. Several of the solutions have singularities. The light-like solutions preserve 8 supersymmetries. We argue that these solutions are dual to the N=4 gauge theory in a 3+1 dimensional spacetime with a metric and a gauge coupling that is varying with time or the light-like direction respectively. This identification allows us to map the question of singularity resolution to the dual gauge theory.

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arXiv2006

Non-Supersymmetric Attractors in String Theory

We find examples of non-supersymmetric attractors in Type II string theory compactified on a Calabi Yau three-fold. For a non-supersymmetric attractor the fixed values to which the moduli are drawn at the horizon must minimise an effective potential. For Type IIA at large volume, we consider a configuration carrying D0, D2, D4 and D6 brane charge. When the D6 brane charge is zero, we find for some range of the other charges, that a non-supersymmetric attractor solution exists. When the D6 brane charge is non-zero, we find for some range of charges, a supersymmetry breaking extremum of the effective potential. Closer examination reveals though that it is not a minimum of the effective potential and hence the corresponding black hole solution is not an attractor. Away from large volume, we consider the specific case of the quintic in CP^4. Working in the mirror IIB description we find non-supersymmetric attractors near the Gepner point.

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arXiv2006

A C-Function For Non-Supersymmetric Attractors

We present a c-function for spherically symmetric, static and asymptotically flat solutions in theories of four-dimensional gravity coupled to gauge fields and moduli. The c-function is valid for both extremal and non-extremal black holes. It monotonically decreases from infinity and in the static region acquires its minimum value at the horizon, where it equals the entropy of the black hole. Higher dimensional cases, involving $p$-form gauge fields, and other generalisations are also discussed.

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arXiv2005

Non-Supersymmetric Attractors

We consider theories with gravity, gauge fields and scalars in four-dimensional asymptotically flat space-time. By studying the equations of motion directly we show that the attractor mechanism can work for non-supersymmetric extremal black holes. Two conditions are sufficient for this, they are conveniently stated in terms of an effective potential involving the scalars and the charges carried by the black hole. Our analysis applies to black holes in theories with ${\cal N} \le 1$ supersymmetry, as well as non-supersymmetric black holes in theories with ${\cal N} = 2$ supersymmetry. Similar results are also obtained for extremal black holes in asymptotically Anti-de Sitter space and in higher dimensions.

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arXiv2005

D3 Brane Action and Fermion Zero Modes in Presence of Background Flux

We derive the fermion bilinear terms in the world volume action for a D3 brane in the presence of background flux. In six-dimensional compactifications non-perturbative corrections to the superpotential can arise from an Euclidean D3-brane instanton wrapping a divisor in the internal space. The bilinear terms give rise to fermion masses and are important in determining these corrections. We find that the three-form flux generically breaks a U(1) subgroup of the structure group of the normal bundle of the divisor. In an example of compactification on T^6/Z_2, six of the sixteen zero modes originally present are lifted by the flux.

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