arXiv subjects

Sandro Merkli

Publications and source records attributed to Sandro Merkli.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Scalable Power System Line Upgrade Planning With Policy Constraints: A "Branch and Benders" Approach

The integration of more renewable energy sources into the power system is presenting system operators with various challenges. At the distribution system level, voltage magnitudes that violate operating limits near large photovoltaic installations have been observed. While these issues can be partially mitigated with more advanced control, hardware upgrades are required at some point. This work presents a scalable, optimization-based approach for deciding which lines in a network to upgrade. Compared to existing approaches, it explicitly takes the operating policy of the system into account and provides both reasonable solutions in short computation times as well as globally optimal solutions when run to completion. Compared to earlier work on the same topic, an extended computational approach is taken that can simultaneously optimize for many load scenarios across arbitrary configurations of machines and CPU cores per machine in a scalable manner by using the Benders decomposition. In addition to the theory, numerical experiments are presented along with a discussion of the scaling properties of the Benders-based approach, giving potential users a better basis to decide whether their problem is big enough for the approach to make sense.

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arXiv2018

Strengthening the Group: Aggregated Frequency Reserve Bidding with ADMM

In a power grid, the electricity supply and demand must be balanced at all times to maintain the system's frequency. In practice, the grid operator achieves this balance by procuring frequency reserves in an ahead-of-time market setting. During runtime, these reserves are then dispatched whenever there is an imbalance in the grid. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in engaging electricity consumers, such as plug-in electric vehicles or buildings, to offer such frequency reserves by exploiting their flexibility in power consumption. In this work, we focus on an aggregation of buildings that places a joint bid on a reserve market. The resulting shared decision is modeled as a large-scale optimization problem. Our main contribution is to show that the aggregation can make its decision in a computationally efficient and conceptually meaningful way, using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). The proposed approach exhibits several attractive features that include (i) the computational burden is distributed between the buildings; (ii) the setup naturally provides privacy and flexibility; (iii) the iterative algorithm can be stopped at any time, providing a feasible (though suboptimal) solution; and (iv) the algorithm provides the foundation for a reward distribution scheme that strengthens the group.

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arXiv2018

Globally Optimal AC Power System Upgrade Planning under Operational Policy Constraints

In order to accommodate the increasing amounts of renewable generation in power distribution systems, system operators are facing the problem of how to upgrade transmission capacities. Since line and transformer upgrades are costly, optimization procedures are used to find the minimal number of up- grades required. The resulting design optimization formulations are generally mixed-integer non-convex problems. Traditional approaches to solving them are usually of a heuristic nature, yielding no bounds on suboptimality or even termination. In contrast, this work combines heuristics, lower-bounding pro- cedures and practical operational policy constraints. The resulting algorithm finds both suboptimal solutions quickly and the global solution determinis- tically by a Branch-and-Bound procedure augmented with lazy cuts.

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arXiv2017

A Mixed-Integer QCQP Formulation of AC Power System Upgrade Planning Problems

This document describes the detailed reformulation of a power system upgrade planning problem into a more generic quadratically constrained quadratic problem (QCQP). The problem is one of deciding what lines to upgrade in an existing power system in order to enable it to handle specific load situations. The reformulation presented here is based on other formulations already used in the field, such as the ones presented in [1] and [2]. This document was created as a reference for publications by the author that refer to the planning problem but avoid outlining reformulation details.

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arXiv2016

Fast AC Power Flow Optimization using Difference of Convex Functions Programming

An effective means for analyzing the impact of novel operating schemes on power systems is time domain simulation, for example for investigating optimization-based curtailment of renewables to alleviate voltage violations. Traditionally, interior-point methods are used for solving the non-convex AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems arising in this type of simulation. This paper presents an alternative algorithm that better suits the simulation framework, because it can more effectively be warm-started, has linear computational and memory complexity in the problem size per iteration and globally converges to Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) points with a linear rate if they exist. The algorithm exploits a difference-of-convex-functions reformulation of the OPF problem, which can be performed effectively. Numerical results are presented comparing the method to state-of-the-art OPF solver implementations in MATPOWER, leading to significant speedups compared to the latter.

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