arXiv subjects

Sandro Radovanović

Publications and source records attributed to Sandro Radovanović.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Features have life history. And we should care

Features in language models have life history: they emerge, persist, and die during training, yet the importance of that history remains largely unexplored. We find evidence of a persistent representational backbone, which we identify in Pythia-160M and -410M as the carrier scaffold: ${\sim}50$ sparse features with stable life histories, around which the model's representational structure organises. It has four properties. \emph{(i)}~\emph{It assembles early:} features emerge, die, and reorganise ${\sim}40\!\times$ faster in the first $1\%$ of training than afterwards, and the scaffold is already largely fixed by then. \emph{(ii)}~\emph{It is load-bearing:} joint cross-layer ablation identifies the carriers as far more load-bearing than any count-matched non-scaffold population, a gap invisible to per-firing single-feature methods. \emph{(iii)}~\emph{Function precedes direction:} which features will become carriers is already predictable from training-onset firing patterns alone, correctly distinguishing future carriers from non-carriers in $4$ of $5$ cases, before the geometry has settled. \emph{(iv)}~\emph{It seeds subsequent development:} by the end of training, scaffold carriers have recruited $64\%$ of all active features into the scaffold hierarchy. Life history is consistent with a two-phase account of training: selection appears to largely determine the scaffold in the first $1\%$; the remaining $99\%$ appears to calibrate geometry around a substrate already set.

q-bio.NC↗

arXiv2025

Co-Designing a Chatbot for Culturally Competent Clinical Communication: Experience and Reflections

Clinical communication skills are essential for preparing healthcare professionals to provide equitable care across cultures. However, traditional training with simulated patients can be resource intensive and difficult to scale, especially in under-resourced settings. In this project, we explore the use of an AI-driven chatbot to support culturally competent communication training for medical students. The chatbot was designed to simulate realistic patient conversations and provide structured feedback based on the ACT Cultural Competence model. We piloted the chatbot with a small group of third-year medical students at a UK medical school in 2024. Although we did not follow a formal experimental design, our experience suggests that the chatbot offered useful opportunities for students to reflect on their communication, particularly around empathy and interpersonal understanding. More challenging areas included addressing systemic issues and historical context. Although this early version of the chatbot helped surface some interesting patterns, limitations were also clear, such as the absence of nonverbal cues and the tendency for virtual patients to be overly agreeable. In general, this reflection highlights both the potential and the current limitations of AI tools in communication training. More work is needed to better understand their impact and improve the learning experience.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2020

FAIR: Fair Adversarial Instance Re-weighting

With growing awareness of societal impact of artificial intelligence, fairness has become an important aspect of machine learning algorithms. The issue is that human biases towards certain groups of population, defined by sensitive features like race and gender, are introduced to the training data through data collection and labeling. Two important directions of fairness ensuring research have focused on (i) instance weighting in order to decrease the impact of more biased instances and (ii) adversarial training in order to construct data representations informative of the target variable, but uninformative of the sensitive attributes. In this paper we propose a Fair Adversarial Instance Re-weighting (FAIR) method, which uses adversarial training to learn instance weighting function that ensures fair predictions. Merging the two paradigms, it inherits desirable properties from both -- interpretability of reweighting and end-to-end trainability of adversarial training. We propose four different variants of the method and, among other things, demonstrate how the method can be cast in a fully probabilistic framework. Additionally, theoretical analysis of FAIR models' properties have been studied extensively. We compare FAIR models to 7 other related and state-of-the-art models and demonstrate that FAIR is able to achieve a better trade-off between accuracy and unfairness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that merges reweighting and adversarial approaches by means of a weighting function that can provide interpretable information about fairness of individual instances.

cs.LG↗