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Sankha Subhra Bakshi

Publications and source records attributed to Sankha Subhra Bakshi.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

Cooperative Domain-Wall Dynamics in a Two-Dimensional Quasiclassical Holstein Model

We investigate charge-density-wave (CDW) coarsening in a two-dimensional quasiclassical Holstein model following thermal quenches into the ordered phase. Although the staggered CDW order parameter is nonconserved, domain-wall motion remains constrained by conservation of the microscopic electronic charge. The simulations exhibit apparent growth exponents between $1/4$ and the Allen--Cahn value $1/2$. These apparent exponents are primarily accounted for by the crossover kinetics $\dot{L}=[D(T)/L][1+L_\times^2(T)/L^2]$, where $L_\times(T)$ is a temperature-dependent crossover length. At low temperature, nearly binary occupations require compatible wall segments to rearrange cooperatively, producing the $L(t)\sim t^{1/4}$ limit. Thermal broadening creates partially occupied interfacial sites that permit local curvature-driven motion and restore $L(t)\sim t^{1/2}$ at late times. Fits to the measured growth rate, a dimensionless rate collapse, and a long-time large-system simulation consistently support this crossover picture. These results show that a microscopic conservation law can generate long-lived anomalous coarsening even when the emergent order parameter is nonconserved.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Exotic Spin Excitation Continuum in a Weakly Coupled Quantum Chainsaw Antiferromagnet

Collective motions in strongly interacting magnets involve many spins and are often described in terms of integer-spin excitations. However, in certain cases, the collective motion can behave as if these integer excitations break apart into smaller, particle-like entities with unusual properties. Such fractionalized excitations in quantum magnets are commonly associated either with topological order in two dimensions or with criticality in one dimension. It remains unclear how these distinct mechanisms are connected across a dimensional crossover. Here we investigate the Ti-based quantum antiferromagnet, $Cs_{8}LiNa_{3}Ti_{12}F_{48}$, in which $Ti^{3+}$ ($3d^{1}$, $S=1/2$) ions interact antiferromagnetically within distorted kagome planes. Our inelastic neutron scattering study on a single crystal reveals a frustrated network of weakly coupled spin-$1/2$ chainsaws, realizing a regime of dimensional frustration in which interchain couplings fail to establish coherent two-dimensional order. The magnetic excitation spectrum exhibits a strong continuum spanning the full measured momentum and energy phase space. In addition, the dynamic spin correlation function displays rod-like scattering in momentum space, indicating a quasi-one-dimensional nature of the magnetic correlations. These results point to fractionalized excitations with intrinsically directional character, demonstrating that signatures of one-dimensional criticality can persist within a two-dimensional lattice. Our findings establish anisotropic fractionalization as a distinct organizing principle for quantum-disordered states.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Exact Equivariance from Ordinary Neural Networks for Lattice Many-Body Dynamics

Large-scale simulations of correlated electron systems require repeated evaluations of the electronic forces and transition energies driving collective dynamics. Machine-learning surrogates alleviate this bottleneck, but incorporating symmetry often involves carefully designed descriptors or specialized network architectures. We show that ordinary multilayer perceptrons equipped with finite-group averaging provide exactly equivariant surrogates directly from microscopic configurations. The construction separates symmetry enforcement from the internal network architecture and applies to both discrete and continuous lattice degrees of freedom. In the Falicov--Kimball model, it predicts directional hopping free-energy differences; in the Holstein model, its invariant limit generates conservative lattice forces. Benchmarks against exact diagonalization establish microscopic accuracy and agreement of dynamical correlations, while large-scale simulations recover multiscale charge ordering and charge-density-wave coarsening. These results demonstrate an accessible, reusable route to symmetry-preserving many-body dynamics for systems with finite lattice point groups.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Nonequilibrium Broken-Symmetry States from Retained Observables

In equilibrium, broken-symmetry states are selected by the competition between energy and entropy. Out of equilibrium, slowly relaxing observables retain information about the preparation and may reshape this competition, allowing orders that are not thermally favored. Identifying such states ordinarily requires following slow, protocol-dependent dynamics. Here we recast this dynamical selection as a static constrained variational problem. A small set of experimentally measurable or numerically accessible quantities-particle number, energy, and slow observables-defines a constraint space. The underlying dynamics determines where the system lies in this space, while entropy maximization over both quasiparticle occupations and a prescribed class of candidate orders determines which order is selected. Restricting the variational states to the Gaussian manifold yields a computationally inexpensive constrained Hartree-Fock implementation. For photoexcited Hubbard models, the approach reproduces the long-time TDHF suppression of square-lattice antiferromagnetism and identifies incommensurate spiral order in place of the equilibrium $120^\circ$ state on the triangular lattice. For a continuously driven ferromagnetic double-exchange model, evaluating the constrained order map at the stationary NESS energy reveals a restricted region in which Neel order is favored. The framework therefore turns the search for nonequilibrium broken-symmetry states into a practical static screening problem, without requiring simulations of every preparation protocol.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Spatial instability of a homogeneous superconductor after an interaction quench

We investigate the quantum dynamics of a conventional superconductor, described by the attrac- tive Hubbard model, driven far from equilibrium by quenching the Hubbard attraction. We evolve the full density matrix of the system in time using the Heisenberg equation of motion, tracking the spatiotemporal dynamics of the pairing and density fields. We use very weakly inhomogeneous initial conditions to probe the stability of the homogeneous dynamics to spatial perturbations. At initial times after the quench the pairing and density fields remain homogeneous in space while fluctuating in time. However, depending on the quench strength the spatially uniform dynamics can become unstable beyond a threshold time, with emergence of spatial textures. The onset time for the instability depends on the strength of the quench and the initial inhomogeneity. At long times the system evolves towards a state with significantly reduced spatial heterogeneity. The time dependence of the global superconducting order parameter suggests two broad categories of re- sponse to a quench. One of these involves strongly inhomogeneous pairing and bond currents in the nonequilibrium superconductor.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

The Interplay of Thermal Melting and Pump Driven Melting of Charge Order: A Two-Temperature Study of the Holstein Model

Charge order driven by electron-phonon coupling is well understood at equilibrium but pump-probe experiments raise a new question: how does this order melt and recover after strong photoexcitation? A pump pulse promotes carriers across the charge-order gap and creates a nonequilibrium high-energy electronic population. In a closed system the subsequent dynamics is constrained by energy conservation. In an `open system' - where the system is coupled to a thermal bath at some temperature $T_{\rm bath}$ - there are new fluctuation and dissipation processes at play. One can attempt a computational scheme that incorporates coupling of electrons to a laser pump, the coupling of system phonons to a thermal bath, and the Holstein interaction that couples electrons and phonons. We attempt an approximation where the pump induced electronic excitations are modeled by a slowly time varying `electron temperature', $T_{\rm el}(t)$, indicative of a quasi-equilibrium electronic state. We solve the problem for different combinations of $T_{\rm el}$ and $T_{\rm bath}$, probing the order parameter dynamics, the static properties and excitations in the long time `quasi steady state', and establish a `phase diagram' in terms of bath temperature and electron temperature.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Schwinger-Boson Mean-Field Study of the Anisotropic Kagome Antiferromagnet

We investigate the effect of spatial exchange anisotropy on the spin-$1/2$ kagome antiferromagnet using Schwinger-boson mean-field theory. The anisotropy is introduced by strengthening the Heisenberg exchange along one set of nearest-neighbor bonds relative to the other two, and is controlled by a parameter $δ$ that measures the deviation from the isotropic limit. Incorporating the reduced lattice symmetry, we construct the corresponding projective-symmetry-group ansätze and focus on representative $0$- and $π$-flux states connected to the conventional $q=0$ and $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ kagome states. We find that anisotropy predominantly reconstructs the low-energy spinon sector, leading to a strong softening of the lowest spinon branch and a downward shift of the two-spinon continuum. At sufficiently large $δ$, the spinon gap closes at ansatz-dependent values, signaling an instability toward spinon condensation and the onset of magnetic order. From the soft Bogoliubov eigenmodes, we reconstruct the associated incipient spin textures and show that the resulting magnetic orders are intrinsically anisotropic, with suppressed moments on strongly coupled bonds and enhanced moments on more weakly connected sites. These results provide a microscopic picture of how exchange anisotropy drives the transition from kagome spin-liquid states to magnetic order, and offer a framework for interpreting recent experiments on anisotropic kagome materials, particularly titanium-based spin-$1/2$ compounds.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Machine Learning Modeling of Charge-Density-Wave Recovery After Laser Melting

We investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a laser-pumped two-dimensional spinless Holstein model within a semiclassical framework, focusing on the melting and recovery of long-range charge-density-wave order. Accurately describing this process requires fully nonadiabatic electron-lattice dynamics, which is computationally demanding due to the need to resolve fast electronic motion over long time scales. By analyzing the structure of the lattice force during nonequilibrium evolution, we show that the force naturally separates into a smooth quasi-adiabatic component and a residual bath-like contribution associated with fast electronic fluctuations. The quasi-adiabatic component depends only on the instantaneous local lattice configuration and can be efficiently learned using machine-learning techniques, while a minimal Langevin description of the bath term captures the essential features of the recovery dynamics. Combining these elements enables efficient and scalable simulations of long-time nonequilibrium dynamics on large lattices, providing a practical route to access driven correlated systems beyond the reach of direct nonadiabatic approaches.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Emergent Spatial Textures from Interaction Quenches in the Hubbard Model

Interaction quenches in strongly correlated electron systems provide a powerful route to probe nonequilibrium many-body dynamics. For the Hubbard model, nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory has revealed coherent post-quench oscillations, dynamical crossovers, and long-lived transient regimes. However, these studies are largely restricted to spatially homogeneous dynamics and therefore neglect the role of spatial structure formation during ultrafast evolution. Here we investigate interaction quenches in the half-filled Hubbard model using a real-space time-dependent Gutzwiller framework. We show that homogeneous nonequilibrium dynamics is generically unstable: even arbitrarily weak spatial fluctuations grow dynamically and drive the system toward intrinsically inhomogeneous states. Depending on the interaction strength, the post-quench evolution exhibits spatial differentiation, nucleation, and slow coarsening of Mott-like domains. Our results establish spatial self-organization as a generic feature of far-from-equilibrium correlated matter and reveal a fundamental limitation of spatially homogeneous nonequilibrium theories.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Nonequilibrium DC Current Generation in a Driven Dissipative Haldane Model

The interplay of topology with nonequilibrium driving and dissipation in open quantum systems has recently attracted significant interest in condensed matter physics. In this work, we investigate a driven, dissipative Haldane model using large-scale numerical simulations of Lindblad dynamics. We show that the system evolves into a time-periodic quasi-steady state when subjected to driving and dissipation, with the ground-state topological invariant, the Chern number, no longer being quantized. Nevertheless, remnants of the underlying band topology persist in this state. To quantify this regime, we introduce an occupation-weighted Chern number that captures the topology of this nonequilibrium steady state. We further analyze charge transport in the presence of simultaneous driving and damping and demonstrate that a finite DC bulk current emerges when inversion symmetry is broken by a staggered sublattice potential. The magnitude and direction of this current are controlled by the driving amplitude, revealing a tunable nonequilibrium transport response rooted in broken symmetries and residual topology.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

Pseudospin Formulation of Quench Dynamics in the Semiclassical Holstein Model

We present a pseudospin formulation for the post-quench dynamics of charge-density-wave (CDW) order in the half-filled spinless Holstein model on a square lattice, assuming spatially homogeneous evolution. This Anderson pseudospin description captures the coherent nonequilibrium dynamics of the coupled electron-lattice system. Numerical simulations reveal three distinct dynamical regimes of the CDW order parameter following a quench-locked oscillations, Landau-damped dynamics, and overdamped relaxation-closely paralleling quench dynamics in BCS superconductors and other electronically driven symmetry-breaking phases. Crucially, however, the presence of dynamical lattice degrees of freedom leads to qualitatively different long-time behavior. In particular, while the oscillation amplitude is reduced in the damped regimes, CDW oscillations do not fully decay but instead persist indefinitely due to feedback from the lattice field. We further show that these persistent oscillations are characterized by a nonequilibrium electronic distribution, which provides an intuitive understanding of both their amplitude and the renormalization of the oscillation frequency relative to the bare Holstein phonon frequency. Our results highlight the essential role of lattice dynamics in nonequilibrium ordered phases and establish a clear distinction between electron-lattice-driven CDW dynamics and their purely electronic counterparts.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Photo-Induced Enhancement of Critical Temperature in a Phase Competing Spin-Fermion System

Ultrafast optical excitation is known to destabilize long-range order in correlated systems, yet experiments have also reported the emergence of metastable phases, in some cases with enhanced critical temperatures. The microscopic origin of such light-induced stabilization remains unresolved. Here we investigate this problem within a minimal spin-fermion framework: a double-exchange model at half filling, augmented by ferromagnetic superexchange on a square lattice. In equilibrium, at half-filling the ordering temperature is set by the competition between kinetic-energy-driven antiferromagnetism and superexchange-induced ferromagnetism. Using quantum Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Brown dynamics for localized spins combined with mean-field evolution of itinerant electrons, we demonstrate a nonthermal mechanism for stabilizing ordered phases. Photoexcitation creates a long-lived nonequilibrium carrier population that resists thermalization and reshapes the low-energy landscape, converting kinetic-energy-driven antiferromagnetism into ferromagnetism and enhancing the critical temperature. While model-specific, our results reveal a general microscopic pathway by which light can tip the balance between competing orders, suggesting routes toward optically engineered magnetism, charge-density-wave order, and superconductivity.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Distinct charge and spin recovery dynamics in a photo-excited Mott insulator

Pump-probe response of the spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ reveals a rapid creation of low energy optical weight and suppression of three dimensional magnetic order on laser pumping. Post pump there is a quick reduction of the optical weight but a very slow recovery of the magnetic order - the difference is attributed to weak inter-layer exchange in Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ delaying the recovery of three dimensional magnetic order. We demonstrate that the effect has a very different and more fundamental origin. Combining spatio-temporal mean field dynamics and Langevin dynamics on the photoexcited Mott-Hubbard insulator we show that the timescale difference is not a dimensional effect but is intrinsic to charge dynamics versus order reconstruction in a correlated system. In two dimensions itself we obtain a short, almost pump fluence independent, timescale for charge dynamics while recovery time of magnetic order involves domain growth and increases rapidly with fluence. Apart from resolving the iridate Mott problem our approach can be used to analyse phase competition and spatial ordering in superconductors and charge ordered systems out of equilibrium.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Dynamics in the nonequilibrium energy landscape of a frustrated Mott insulator

In a Mott insulator, a laser pulse with frequency tuned to the gap scale can create a holon-doublon plasma, suppressing the magnetic moment ${\vec m}_i$ and destroying magnetic order. While this disruptive effect is well established experimentally on a square lattice, we investigate the effect of laser pumping on the triangular lattice, where geometric frustration leads to a richer set of ordering possibilities. We work with the Mott-Hubbard problem at a coupling where $120^{\circ}$ order is just stable and employ spatio-temporal mean field dynamics to study the pump response. Moderate pump amplitude just leads to the reduction of $120^{\circ}$ order, but at larger amplitude the suppression of $120^{\circ}$ order is followed by the appearance of `spiral order'. On the electronic side the density of `excited carriers' $n_{exc}$ in the upper Hubbard band increases monotonically with pump amplitude. We show that the long time ordering possibilities in the pumped system, e.g., the emergence of spiral order, can be inferred from a nonequilibrium `energy landscape'. We analyse the growth of spiral order by using an exact diagonalisation based Langevin equation on large lattices and discover that the new order can take $\sim 10^3-10^4$ times the electronic timescale to appear. The threefold combination, of mean field dynamics, landscape construction, and Langevin dynamics, readily generalises to the search for pump induced `hidden order' in other gapped systems.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Enormous enhancement of resistivity in nanostructured electron-phonon systems

Recent experiments on nanoclusters of silver (Ag) embedded in a gold (Au) matrix reveal a huge increase in both the zero temperature resistivity and the coefficient of the ``$T$ linear'' thermal resistivity with increasing volume fraction of Ag. A fraction $f \sim 50\%$ of Ag leads to a factor of $20$ increase in the residual resistivity, and a $40$ fold enhancement in the coefficient of linear $T$ resistivity, with respect to Au. Since Au and Ag both have weak electron-phonon coupling we surmise that the huge enhancements arise from a moderately large electron-phonon coupling that may emerge at the Ag-Au interface. We construct nanocluster configurations for varying $f$ in two dimensions, define a Holstein model on it with weak coupling on the `interior' sites and a strong coupling on the interfacial sites, and solve the model through exact diagonalisation based Langevin dynamics. Computing the resistivity, we observe a large $T=0$ increase with $f$ and also a linear $T$ enhancement factor of $\sim 30$. While the enhancement factors are parameter choice dependent, our key qualitative result is that the interface physics is inhomogeneous, with widely varying distortions, and different segments of the interface dictate the residual resistivity and the thermal scattering.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Nonequilibrium dynamics of suppression, revival, and loss of charge order in a laser pumped electron-phonon system

An electron-phonon system at commensurate filling often displays charge order (CO) in the ground state. Such a system subject to a laser pulse shows a wide variety of behaviour. A weak pulse sets up low amplitude oscillations in the order parameter, with slow decay to a slightly suppressed value. A strong pulse leads to the destruction of the charge order with the order parameter showing rapid, oscillatory, decay to zero. The regime in between, separating the weak pulse CO sustained state from the strong pulse CO destroyed state, shows complex dynamics characterised by multiple, pulse strength dependent, time scales. It involves an initial rapid decay of the order parameter, followed by a low amplitude quiescent state, and the power-law rise to a steady-state over a timescale $τ_{cr}$. We provide a complete characterisation of the dynamics in this nonequilibrium problem for varying electron-phonon coupling and pulse strength, examine the possibility of an effective "thermal" description of the long time state, and present results on the multiple insulator-metal transitions that show up.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Strongly anharmonic collective modes in a coupled electron-phonon-spin problem

We solve for the finite temperature collective mode dynamics in the Holstein-double exchange problem, using coupled Langevin equations for the phonon and spin variables. We present results in a strongly anharmonic regime, close to a polaronic instability. For our parameter choice the system transits from an `undistorted' ferromagnetic metal at low temperature to a structurally distorted paramagnetic insulator at high temperature, through a short range charge ordered (CO) phase near the ferromagnetic crossover at $T_{FM}$. The small amplitude harmonic phonons at low temperature cross over to large amplitude dynamics around $0.5 T_{FM}$ due to thermally generated short range correlated polarons. The rare thermal ``tunneling'' of CO domains generates a hitherto unknown momentum selective spectral weight at very low energy. We compare our results to inelastic neutron data in the manganites and suggest how the singular low energy features can be probed.

cond-mat.str-el↗

A Langevin approach to lattice dynamics in a charge ordered polaronic system

We use a Langevin approach to treat the finite temperature dynamics of displacement variables in the half-filled spinless Holstein model. Working in the adiabatic regime we exploit the smallness of the adiabatic parameter to simplify the memory effects and estimate displacement costs from an "instantaneous" electronic Hamiltonian. We use a phenomenological damping rate, and uncorrelated thermal noise. The low temperature state has checkerboard charge order (CO) and the Langevin scheme generates equilibrium thermodynamic properties that accurately match Monte Carlo results. It additionally yields the dynamical structure factor, $D({\bf q}, ω)$, from the displacement field $x({\bf r}, t)$. We observe four regimes with increasing temperature, $T$, classified in relation to the charge ordering temperature, $T_c$, and the `polaron formation' temperature $T_P$, with $ T_c \ll T_P$. For $T \ll T_c$ the oscillations are harmonic, leading to dispersive phonons, with increasing $T$ bringing in anharmonic, momentum dependent, corrections. For $T \sim T_c$, thermal tunneling events of the $x({\bf r})$ field occur, with a propagating `domain' pattern at wavevector ${\bf q} \sim (π, π)$ and low energy weight in $D({\bf q}, ω)$. When $T_c < T < T_P$, the disordered polaron regime, domain structures vanish, the dispersion narrows, and low energy weight is lost. For $T \gtrsim T_P$ we essentially have uncorrelated local oscillations. We propose simple models to analyse this rich dynamics.

cond-mat.str-el↗