arXiv subjects

Sathvik Sankaranarayanan

Publications and source records attributed to Sathvik Sankaranarayanan.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Towards Cyber-Physical Cognition: A Unified Ontology-Driven Knowledge Graph for Real-Time Autonomous Grid Operations

Modern power systems and smart grids are often composed of fragmented and heterogeneous data silos, which lack the cohesion needed for effective cross-domain analysis. For this, this paper introduces a universal ontology framework for the operational representation of intelligent cyber-physical power systems via a unified knowledge graph and an ontology capable of cross-domain reasoning. This work focuses on bridging cyber-physical simulators as a stepping stone towards that vision. By establishing a unified semantic middleware grounded in IEC 61970 (CIM) and IEC 62351/61850 standards, this framework integrates disparate cyber and physical simulation environments, illustrated via OMNeT++ and PowerWorld, into a single knowledge graph. Evaluation across three standard power system benchmarks demonstrates sub-linear scaling in both knowledge graph size and construction time. We further validate the framework's efficacy for real-time decision support, achieving millisecond-level query performance across both domains, maintained across six cumulative structural mutations to the knowledge graph. The resulting unified knowledge graph provides a robust, scalable information corpus for autonomous smart grid operations, enabling complex analysis of real-world power systems.

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arXiv2026

Causal--Structural Dynamic Graph Learning for Online Transient Stability Trajectory Prediction in Power Systems

Power systems consist of dynamically coupled generators, motivating the use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for online transient stability prediction. Traditional GNN frameworks are often constrained by fixed admittance-based topologies that fail to capture state-dependent coupling, or by data-driven methods that neglect directional influences. This paper proposes Causal Dynamic Network Representation (C-DNR), a novel framework that fuses two complementary representations of inter-generator interactions prior to temporal modeling: a dynamic structural graph inferred from measurements and a directional causal graph obtained via nonlinear causal discovery. An end-to-end learned edge-wise fusion mechanism adaptively weights these representations for each generator pair, and the resulting graph is propagated through a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to predict post-fault trajectories. Evaluated on the IEEE 39-bus system, C-DNR reduces autoregressive prediction error by 73% compared to a dynamic structural baseline. Among the evaluated causal methods, only Peter--Clark Momentary Conditional Independence (PCMCI) achieves consistent improvements, owing to its ability to isolate directional dependencies from misleading oscillatory correlations. The learned fusion weights further provide interpretable diagnostics aligned with the electrical topology, offering transparent, pairwise insight into the prediction process.

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