arXiv subjects

Satoshi Nozawa

Publications and source records attributed to Satoshi Nozawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2009

Study on the Solutions of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect for Clusters of Galaxies

Based upon the rate equations for the photon distribution function obtained in the previous paper, we study the formal solutions in three different representation forms for the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. By expanding the formal solution in the operator representation in powers of both the derivative operator and electron velocity, we derive a formal solution that is equivalent to the Fokker-Planck expansion approximation. We extend the present formalism to the kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. The properties of the frequency redistribution functions are studied. We find that the kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect is described by the redistribution function related to the electron pressure. We also solve the rate equations numerically. We obtain the exact numerical solutions, which include the full-order terms in powers of the optical depth.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Similarity between the Molecular Loops in the Galactic Center and the Solar Chromospheric Arch Filaments

We carried out two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the Galactic gas disk to show that the dense loop-like structures discovered by the Galactic center molecular cloud survey by NANTEN 4 m telescope can be formed by the buoyant rise of magnetic loops due to the Parker instability. At the initial state, we assumed a gravitationally stratified disk consisting of the cool layer ($T \sim 10^3$ K), warm layer ($T \sim 10^4$ K), and hot layer ($T \sim 10^5$ K). Simulation box is a local part of the disk containing the equatorial plane. The gravitational field is approximated by that of a point mass at the galactic center. The self-gravity, and the effects of the galactic rotation are ignored. Numerical results indicate that the length of the magnetic loops emerging from the disk is determined by the scale height of the hot layer ($\sim$ 100 pc at 1 kpc from the Galactic center). The loop length, velocity gradient along the loops and large velocity dispersions at their foot points are consistent with the NANTEN observations. We also show that the loops become top-heavy when the curvature of the loop is sufficiently small, so that the rising loop accumulates the overlying gas faster than sliding it down along the loop. This mechanism is similar to that of the formation of solar chromospheric arch filaments. The molecular loops emerge from the low temperature layer just like the dark filaments observed in the H$α$ image of the emerging flux region of the sun.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2009

Formation of Galactic Center Magnetic Loops

A survey for the molecular clouds in the Galaxy with NANTEN mm telescope has discovered molecular loops in the Galactic center region. The loops show monotonic gradients of the line of sight velocity along the loops and the large velocity dispersions towards their foot points. It is suggested that these loops are explained in terms of the buoyant rise of magnetic loops due to the Parker instability. We have carried out global three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the gas disk in the Galactic center. The gravitational potential is approximated by the axisymmetric potential proposed by Miyamoto & Nagai (1975). At the initial state, we assume a warm (~ 10^4 K) gas torus threaded by azimuthal magnetic fields. Self-gravity and radiative cooling of the gas are ignored. We found that buoyantly rising magnetic loops are formed above the differentially rotating, magnetically turbulent disk. By analyzing the results of global MHD simulations, we have identified individual loops, about 180 in the upper half of the disk, and studied their statistical properties such as their length, width, height, and velocity distributions along the loops. Typical length and height of a loop are 1kpc and 200pc, respectively. The line of sight velocity changes linearly along a loop and shows large dispersions around the foot-points. Numerical results indicate that loops emerge preferentially from the region where magnetic pressure is large. We argue that these properties are consistent with those of the molecular loops discovered by NANTEN.

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arXiv2008

Chromospheric Anemone Jets as Evidence of Ubiquitous Reconnection

The heating of the solar chromosphere and corona is a long-standing puzzle in solar physics. Hinode observations show the ubiquitous presence of chromospheric anemone jets outside sunspots in active regions. They are typically 3 to 7 arc seconds = 2000 to 5000 kilometers long and 0.2 to 0.4 arc second = 150 to 300 kilometers wide, and their velocity is 10 to 20 kilometers per second. These small jets have an inverted Y-shape, similar to the shape of x-ray anemone jets in the corona. These features imply that magnetic reconnection similar to that in the corona is occurring at a much smaller spatial scale throughout the chromosphere and suggest that the heating of the solar chromosphere and corona may be related to small-scale ubiquitous reconnection.

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arXiv2008

The Second Born Corrections to the Electrical and Thermal Conductivities of Dense Matter in the Liquid Metal Phase

The second Born corrections to the electrical and thermal conductivities are calculated for the dense matter in the liquid metal phase for various elemental compositions of astrophysical importance. Inclusion up to the second Born corrections is sufficiently accurate for the Coulomb scattering of the electrons by the atomic nuclei with Z < 26. Our approach is semi-analytical, and is in contrast to that of the previous authors who have used fully numerical values of the cross section for the Coulomb scattering of the electron by the atomic nucleus. The merit of the present semi-analytical approach is that this approach affords us to obtain the results with reliable Z-dependence and ρ-dependence. The previous fully numerical approach has made use of the numerical values of the cross section for the scattering of the electron off the atomic nucleus for a limited number of Z-values, Z=6, 13, 29, 50, 82, and 92, and for a limited number of electron energies, 0.05MeV, 0.1MeV, 0.2MeV, 0.4MeV, 0.7MeV, 1MeV, 2MeV, 4MeV, and 10MeV. Our study, however, has confirmed that the previous results are sufficiently accurate. They are recovered, if the terms higher than the second Born terms are taken into account. We make a detailed comparison of the present results with those of the previous authors. The numerical results are parameterized in a form of analytic formulae that would facilitate practical uses of the results. We also extend our calculations to the case of mixtures of nuclear species. The corresponding subroutine can be retrieved from http://www.ph.sophia.ac.jp/~itoh-ken/subroutine/subroutine.htm

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arXiv2007

Screening Corrections to the Electron Capture Rates in Dense Stars by the Relativistically Degenerate Electron Liquid

We calculate the screening corrections to the electron capture rates in dense stars by the relativistically degenerate electron liquid. In order to calculate the screening corrections we adopt the linear response theory which is widely used in the field of solid state physics and liquid metal physics. In particular, we use the longitudinal dielectric function for the relativistically degenerate electron liquid derived by Jancovici. We calculate the screening potential at the position of the nucleus. By using this screening potential one can calculate the screening corrections to the electron capture rates. We will present accurate analytic fitting formulae which summarize our numerical results. These fitting formulae will facilitate the application of the present results. The screening corrections to the electron capture rates are typically a few percent.

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arXiv2007

Ion-Ion Correlation Effect on the Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering in Supernova Cores

We calculate the ion-ion correlation effect on the neutrino-nucleus scattering in supernova cores, which is an important opacity source for the neutrinos and plays a vital role in the supernova explosion. In order to calculate the ion-ion correlation effect we use the results of the improved hypernetted-chain method calculations of the classical one-component plasma. As in the preceding studies on this effect, we find a dramatic decrease of the effective neutrino-nucleus scattering cross section for relatively low energy neutrinos with E < 20MeV. As a matter of fact, our calculation shows a much more dramatic reduction of the effective neutrino-nucleus scattering cross section for the low energy neutrinos with E < 10MeV than the results of Horowitz. Therefore, the ion-ion correlation effect will be more important than has hitherto been recognized. We present an accurate analytic fitting formula that summarizes our numerical results. This fitting formula will facilitate the application of the present results to the supernova explosion simulations.

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arXiv2007

Relativistic Thermal Bremsstrahlung Gaunt Factor for the Intracluster Plasma. III. Frequency Integrated Emissivity

We present accurate analytic fitting formulae for the frequency integrated Gaunt factors for the relativistic as well as nonrelativistic thermal bremsstrahlung which is relevant to the intracluster plasma. The fitting is carried out for 1 =< Zj =< 28, 6.0 < log T < 8.5, where Zj is the charge number of the ion, and T is the electron temperature in kelvins. The present analytic fitting formulae will be useful for the analysis of the X-ray emission which comes from the intracluster plasma as well as the other X-ray sources.

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arXiv2007

Nonrelativistic Electron-Electron Thermal Bremsstrahlung Gaunt Factor

With the launch of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and XMM-Newton, X-ray astronomy has entered an era of precision science. The precision observational data taken by these satellites require precision basic physics data for their analysis. The present authors have recently published a series of papers in which they have reported the results of the accurate calculations of the electron-ion thermal bremsstrahlung which are particularly suited for the analysis of the high-temperature galaxy clusters. In this paper we will present accurate analytic fitting formulae for the nonrelativistic electron-electron thermal bremsstrahlung Gaunt factor which will be useful for the analysis of the X-ray observational data taken by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and XMM-Newton. With the publication of the present paper X-ray astronomers will be provided with an accurate thermal bremsstrahlung Gaunt factor which has an overall accuracy better than 1% for the temperature range 6.0 <log T[K] < 8.5.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

Relativistic Thermal Bremsstrahlung Gaunt Factor for the Intracluster Plasma. III. Analytic Fitting Formula for the Nonrelativistic Exact Gaunt Factor

We present an accurate analytic fitting formula for the thermal bremsstrahlung Gaunt factor in the nonrelativistic limit. The fitting formula excellently reproduces the numerical results of the calculation carried out by the present authors using the method of Karzas and Latter. The present analytic fitting formula will be useful for the analysis of the X-ray emission which comes from the intracluster plasmas with relatively low temperatures as well as the other X-ray sources.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

Relativistic Thermal Bremsstrahlung Gaunt Factor for the Intracluster Plasma. II. Analytic Fitting Formulae

We present accurate analytic fitting formulae which summarize the results of the recent calculation by Nozawa, Itoh and Kohyama on the relativistic thermal bremsstrahlung Gaunt factor for the intracluster plasma. The fitting is carried out for Z = 1 to 28, 6.0 < log T < 8.5, -4.0 < log (omega/kT) < 1.0, where Z is the charge number of the ion, T is the temperature, and omega is the angular frequency of the emitted photon. The present analytic fitting formulae will be useful for the analysis of the X-ray emission which comes from the intracluster plasma as well as the other X-ray sources.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

An improved formula for the relativistic corrections to the kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for clusters of galaxies

We improve the calculation of Nozawa, Itoh, and Kohyama (1998) to provide a formula for relativistic corrections to the thermal and kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects that is accurate to fourth order in theta_e = kT_e/m_ec^2, T_e and m_e being the electron temperature and electron mass, respectively. We also carry out a direct numerical integration of the Boltzmann collision term and confirm the excellent accuracy of the analytic formula. This formula will be useful for the analysis of the observational data of the forthcoming experiments of the kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for clusters of galaxies.

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arXiv2005

Relativistic Corrections to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect for Clusters of Galaxies. V. Effect of the Motion of the Observer

We extend the formalism of the relativistic thermal and kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects to the observer's system (the Solar System) moving with a velocity $β_{S}$ with respect to the cosmic microwave background radiation. We confirm the results recently obtained by Chluba, Huetsi, and Sunyaev in the lowest order of the observer's velocity $β_{S}. We give a more general analytic expression for the thermal and kinematical Sunyaev-Zeldovich effects corresponding to the observer's system with the power series expansion approximation in terms of $θ_{e}$. It is found that the effect of the motion of the observer on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect will become important in the future high precision observation projects of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.

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arXiv2003

Relativistic Corrections to the Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect for Clusters of Galaxies. V. Numerical Results for High Electron Temperatures

We present an accurate numerical table for the relativistic corrections to the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for clusters of galaxies. The numerical results for the relativistic corrections have been obtained by numerical integration of the collision term of the Boltzmann equation. The numerical table is provided for the ranges 0.002 <= theta_e <= 0.100 and 0 <= X <= 20, where theta_e = kT_e/mc^2, X = hbar omega/kT_0, T_e is the electron temperature, omega is the angular frequency of the photon, and T_0 is the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation. We also present an accurate analytic fitting formula that reproduces the numerical results with high precision.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

Enhancement of Resonant Thermonuclear Reaction Rates in Extremely Dense Stellar Plasmas

The enhancement factor of the resonant thermonuclear reaction rates is calculated for the extremely dense stellar plasmas in the liquid phase. In order to calculate the enhancement factor we use the screening potential which is deduced from the numerical experiment of the classical one-component plasma. It is found that the enhancement is tremendous for white dwarf densities if the ^{12}C + ^{12}C fusion cross sections show resonant behavior in the astrophysical energy range. We summarize our numerical results by accurate analytic fitting formulae.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2002

The r-process in the neutrino winds of core-collapse supernovae and U-Th cosmochronology

The discovery of the second highly $r$-process-enhanced, extremely metal-poor star, CS 31082-001 ([Fe/H] $= -2.9$) has provided a powerful new tool for age determination, by virtue of the detection and measurement of the radioactive species uranium and thorium. One of the serious limitations of this approach, however, is that predictions of the production ratio of U and Th have not been made in the context of a realistic astrophysical model of the $r$-process. We have endeavored to produce such a model, based on the ``neutrino winds'' that are expected to arise from the nascent neutron star of a core-collapse supernova. The mass-integrated $r$-process yields, obtained by assuming a simple time evolution of the neutrino luminosity, are compared to the available spectroscopic elemental abundance data of CS 31082-001. As a result, the ``age'' of this star is determined to be $14.1 \pm 2.5$ Gyr, in excellent agreement with lower limits on the age of the universe estimated by other dating techniques, as well as with other stellar radioactive age estimates. Future measurements of Pt and Pb in this star, as well as expansion of searches for additional $r$-process-enhanced, metal-poor stars (especially those in which both U and Th are measurable), are of special importance to constrain the current astrophysical models for the $r$-process.

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arXiv2001

Relativistic corrections to the multiple scattering effect on the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the isotropic approximation

We extend the formalism for the calculation of the relativistic corrections to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect for clusters of galaxies and include the multiple scattering effects in the isotropic approximation. We present the results of the calculations by the Fokker-Planck expansion method as well as by the direct numerical integration of the collision term of the Boltzmann equation. The multiple scattering contribution is found to be very small compared with the single scattering contribution. For high-temperature galaxy clusters of kT=15keV, the ratio of the both contributions is -0.2% in the Wien region. In the Rayleigh--Jeans region the ratio is -0.03%. Therefore the multiple scattering contribution is safely neglected for the observed galaxy clusters.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2000

Relativistic Corrections to the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect for Clusters of Galaxies. V. Precision Analytic Fitting Formula for the Crossover Frequency Region

We have succeeded in obtaining a precision analytic fitting formula for the exact numerical results of the relativistic corrections to the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for clusters of galaxies which has a 1% accuracy for the crossover frequency region where the thermal thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect signal changes from negative to positive sign. The fitting has been carried out for the ranges 0.020 < theta < 0.035 and 0 < X < 15, where theta= kTe/mc^{2}, X = omega/kT0, Te is the electron temperature, omega is the angular frequency of the photon, and T0 is the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The overall accuracy of the fitting is better than 0.1%. The present analytic fitting formula will be useful for accurate analyses of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect for clusters of galaxies.

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