arXiv subjects

Satoshi Yamamoto

Publications and source records attributed to Satoshi Yamamoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Discovery of a Hot Corino in the Bok Globule B335

We report the first evidence of a hot corino in a Bok globule. This is based on the ALMA observations in the 1.2 mm band toward the low-mass Class 0 protostar IRAS 19347+0727 in B335. Saturated complex organic molecules (COMs), CH$_3$CHO, HCOOCH$_3$, and NH$_2$CHO, are detected in a compact region within a few 10 au around the protostar. Additionally, CH$_3$OCH$_3$, C$_2$H$_5$OH, C$_2$H$_5$CN, and CH$_3$COCH$_3$ are tentatively detected. Carbon-chain related molecules, CCH and c-C$_3$H$_2$, are also found in this source, whose distributions are extended over a few 100 au scale. On the other hand, sulfur-bearing molecules CS, SO, and SO$_2$, have both compact and extended components. Fractional abundances of the COMs relative to H$_2$ are found to be comparable to those in known hot-corino sources. Though the COMs lines are as broad as 5-8 km s$^{-1}$, they do not show obvious rotation motion in the present observation. Thus, the COMs mainly exist in a structure whose distribution is much smaller than the synthesized beam (0."58 x 0."52).

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arXiv2016

Precise observations of the 12C/13C ratios of HC3N in the low-mass star-forming region L1527

Using the Green Bank 100 m telescope and the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, we have observed the rotational emission lines of the three 13C isotopic species of HC3N in the 3 and 7 mm bands toward the low-mass star-forming region L1527 in order to explore their anomalous 12C/13C ratios. The column densities of the 13C isotopic species are derived from the intensities of the J = 5-4 lines observed at high signal-to-noise ratios. The abundance ratios are determined to be 1.00:1.01 +- 0.02:1.35 +- 0.03:86.4 +- 1.6 for [H13CCCN]:[HC13CCN]:[HCC13CN]:[HCCCN], where the errors represent one standard deviation. The ratios are very similar to those reported for the starless cloud, Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 Cyanopolyyne Peak (TMC-1 CP). These ratios cannot be explained by thermal equilibrium, but likely reflect the production pathways of this molecule. We have shown the equality of the abundances of H13CCCN and HC13CCN at a high-confidence level, which supports the production pathways of HC3N via C2H2 and C2H2+. The average 12C/13C ratio for HC3N is 77 +- 4, which may be only slightly higher than the elemental 12C/13C ratio. Dilution of the 13C isotope in HC3N is not as significant as that in CCH or c-C3H2. We have also simultaneously observed the DCCCN and HCCC15N lines and derived the isotope ratios: [DCCCN]/[HCCCN] = 0.0370 +- 0.0007 and [HCCCN]/[HCCC15N] = 338 +- 12.

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arXiv2016

Spectral Line Survey toward a Molecular Cloud in IC10

We have conducted a spectral line survey observation in the 3 mm band toward the low-metallicity dwarf galaxy IC10 with the 45 m radio telescope of Nobeyama Radio Observatory to explore its chemical composition at a molecular-cloud scale (~80 pc). The CS, SO, CCH, HCN, HCO+, and HNC lines are detected for the first time in this galaxy in addition to the CO and 13CO lines, while c-C3H2, CH3OH, CN, C18O, and N2H+ lines are not detected. The spectral intensity pattern is found to be similar to those observed toward molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud, whose metallicity is as low as IC10. Nitrogen-bearing species are deficient in comparison with the Galactic molecular clouds due to a lower elemental abundance of nitrogen. CCH is abundant in comparison with Galactic translucent clouds, whereas CH3OH may be deficient. These characteristic trends for CCH and CH3OH are also seen in the LMC, and seem to originate from photodissociation regions more extended in peripheries of molecular clouds due to the lower metallicity condition.

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arXiv2016

Infalling-Rotating Motion and Associated Chemical Change in the Envelope of IRAS 16293-2422 Source A Studied with ALMA

We have analyzed rotational spectral line emission of OCS, CH3OH, HCOOCH3, and H2CS observed toward the low-mass Class 0 protostellar source IRAS 16293-2422 Source A at a sub-arcsecond resolution (~0".6 x 0".5) with ALMA. Significant chemical differentiation is found at a 50 AU scale. The OCS line is found to well trace the infalling-rotating envelope in this source. On the other hand, the CH3OH and HCOOCH3 distributions are found to be concentrated around the inner part of the infalling-rotating envelope. With a simple ballistic model of the infalling-rotating envelope, the radius of the centrifugal barrier (a half of the centrifugal radius) and the protostellar mass are evaluated from the OCS data to be from 40 to 60 AU and from 0.5 to 1.0 Msun, respectively, assuming the inclination angle of the envelope/disk structure to be 60 degrees (90 degrees for the edge-on configuration). Although the protostellar mass is correlated with the inclination angle, the radius of the centrifugal barrier is not. This is the first indication of the centrifugal barrier of the infalling-rotating envelope in a hot corino source. CH3OH and HCOOCH3 may be liberated from ice mantles due to weak accretion shocks around the centrifugal barrier, and/or due to protostellar heating. The H2CS emission seems to come from the disk component inside the centrifugal barrier in addition to the envelope component. The centrifugal barrier plays a central role not only in the formation of a rotationally-supported disk but also in the chemical evolution from the envelope to the protoplanetary disk.

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arXiv2016

Geometric and Kinematic Structure of the Outflow/Envelope System of L1527 Revealed by Subarcsecond-resolution Observation of CS

Subarcsecond-resolution images of the rotational line emissions of CS and c-C$_3$H$_2$ obtained toward the low-mass protostar IRAS 04368$+$2557 in L1527 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array are investigated to constrain the orientation of the outflow/envelope system. The distribution of CS consists of an envelope component extending from north to south and a faint butterfly-shaped outflow component. The kinematic structure of the envelope is well reproduced by a simple ballistic model of an infalling rotating envelope. Although the envelope has a nearly edge-on configuration, the inclination angle of the rotation axis from the plane of the sky is found to be 5$^\circ$, where we find that the western side of the envelope faces the observer. This configuration is opposite to the direction of the large-scale ($\sim$ 10$^4$ AU) outflow suggested previously from the $^{12}$CO ($J$=3$-$2) observation, and to the morphology of infrared reflection near the protostar ($\sim$ 200 AU). The latter discrepancy could originate from high extinction by the outflow cavity of the western side, these discrepancies or may indicate that the outflow axis is not parallel to the rotation axis of the envelope. Position-velocity diagrams show the accelerated outflow cavity wall, and its kinematic structure in the 2000 AU scale is explained by a standard parabolic model with the inclination angle derived from the analysis of the envelope. The different orientation of the outflow between the small and large scale implies a possibility of precession of the outflow axis. The shape and the velocity of the outflow in the vicinity of the protostar are compared with those of other protostars.

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arXiv2016

Subarcsecond Analysis of Infalling-Rotating Envelope around the Class I Protostar IRAS 04365+2535

Sub-arcsecond images of the rotational line emission of CS and SO have been obtained toward the Class I protostar IRAS 04365$+$2535 in TMC-1A with ALMA. A compact component around the protostar is clearly detected in the CS and SO emission. The velocity structure of the compact component of CS reveals infalling-rotating motion conserving the angular momentum. It is well explained by a ballistic model of an infalling-rotating envelope with the radius of the centrifugal barrier (a half of the centrifugal radius) of 50 AU, although the distribution of the infalling gas is asymmetric around the protostar. The distribution of SO is mostly concentrated around the radius of the centrifugal barrier of the simple model. Thus a drastic change in chemical composition of the gas infalling onto the protostar is found to occur at a 50 AU scale probably due to accretion shocks, demonstrating that the infalling material is significantly processed before being delivered into the disk.

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arXiv2016

The role of SiO as a tracer of past star-formation events: The case of the high-mass protocluster NGC 2264-C

NGC 2264-C is a high-mass protocluster where several star-formation events are known to have occurred. To investigate whether past protostellar activity has left a chemical imprint in this region, we mapped it in SiO($J = 2-1$), a shock tracer, and several other molecular lines with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. Our observations show the presence of a complex network of protostellar outflows. The strongest SiO emission lies beyond a radius of $\sim 0.1$ pc with respect to the center of the clump, and is characterized by broad ($> 10$ km s$^{-1}$) lines and abundances of $\sim 1.4 \times 10^{-8}$ with respect to H$_2$. Interestingly, SiO appears relatively depleted ($χ_\mathrm{SiO} \sim 4 \times 10^{-9}$) within this radius, despite it being affected by molecular outflow activity. We attribute this to fast condensation of SiO back onto dust grains and/or rapid gas-phase destruction of SiO, favored by the high density present in this area ($> 10^6$ cm$^{-3}$). Finally, we identify a peripheral, narrow-line ($\sim 2$ km s$^{-1}$) component, where SiO has an abundance of a few times 10$^{-11}$. After considering different options, we conclude that this weak emission may be tracing protostellar shocks from the star formation episode that preceded the current one, which have decelerated over time and eventually resulted in SiO being largely depleted/destroyed. Alternatively, a population of unresolved low-mass protostars may be responsible for the narrow SiO emission. High-angular resolution observations are necessary to distinguish between these two possibilities and thus understand the role of SiO as a chemical tracer of past star-formation episodes in massive protoclusters.

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arXiv2016

OH 18 cm Transition as a Thermometer for Molecular Clouds

We have observed the four hyperfine components of the 18 cm OH transition toward the translucent cloud eastward of Heiles Cloud 2 (HCL2E), the cold dark cloud L134N, and the photodissociation region of the $ρ$-Ophiuchi molecular cloud with the Effelsberg 100 m telescope. We have found intensity anomalies amongst the hyperfine components in all three regions. In particular, an absorption feature of the 1612 MHz satellite line against the cosmic microwave background has been detected toward HCL2E and two positions of the $ρ$-Ophiuchi molecular cloud. On the basis of statistical equilibrium calculations, we find that the hyperfine anomalies originate from the non-LTE population of the hyperfine levels, and can be used to determine the kinetic temperature of the gas over a wide range of H$_2$ density (10$^2$ - 10$^7$ cm$^{-3}$). Toward the center of HCL2E, the gas kinetic temperature is determined to be 53$\pm$1 K, and it increases toward the cloud peripheries ($\sim$ 60 K). The ortho-to-para ratio of H$_2$ is determined to be 3.5 $\pm$ 0.9 from the averaged spectrum for the 8 positions. In L134N, a similar increase of the temperature is also seen toward the periphery. In the $ρ$-Ophiuchi molecular cloud, the gas kinetic temperature decreases as a function of the distance from the exciting star HD147889. These results demonstrate a new aspect of the OH 18 cm line as a good thermometer of molecular cloud envelopes. The OH 18 cm line can be used to trace a new class of warm molecular gas surrounding a molecular cloud, which is not well traced by emission of CO and its isotopologues.

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arXiv2016

Molecular Distribution in the Spiral Arm of M51

Molecular line images of 13CO, C18O, CN, CS, CH3OH, and HNCO are obtained toward the spiral arm of M51 at a 7" times 6" resolution with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA). Distributions of the molecules averaged over a 300 pc scale are found to be almost similar to one another and to essentially trace the spiral arm. However, the principal component analysis shows a slight difference of distributions among molecular species particularly for CH3OH and HNCO. These two species do not correlate well with star-formation rate, implying that they are not enhanced by local star-formation activities but by galactic-scale phenomena such as spiral shocks. Furthermore, the distribution of HNCO and CH3OH are found to be slightly different, whose origin deserves further investigation. The present results provide us with an important clue to understanding the 300 pc scale chemical composition in the spiral arm and its relation to galactic-scale dynamics.

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arXiv2015

Implication of Formation Mechanisms of HC5N in TMC-1 as Studied by 13C Isotopic Fractionation

We observed the J = 9-8 and 16-15 rotational transitions of the normal species and five 13C isotopologues of HC5N to study its formation mechanisms toward the cyanopolyyne peak in Taurus Molecular Cloud-1, with the 45-m radio telescope of Nobeyama Radio Observatory. We detected the five 13C isotopologues with high signal-to-noise ratios between 12 and 20, as well as the normal species. The abundance ratios of the five 13C isotopologues of HC5N are found to be 1.00:0.97:1.03:1.05:1.16 (0.19) for [H13CCCCCN]:[HC13CCCCN]:[HCC13CCCN]:[HCCC13CCN]:[HCCCC13CN]. We do not find any significant differences among the five 13C isotopologues. The averaged [HC5N]/[13C isotopologues] abundance ratio is determined to be 94 (6), which is slightly higher than the local interstellar elemental 12C/13C ratio of 60-70. Possible formation pathways are discussed on the basis of these results.

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arXiv2015

Spectral Line Survey toward Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Spectral line survey observations of 7 molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) have been conducted in the 3 mm band with the Mopra 22 m telescope to reveal chemical compositions in low metallicity conditions. Spectral lines of fundamental species such as CS, SO, CCH, HCN, HCO+, and HNC are detected in addition to those of CO and 13CO, while CH3OH is not detected in any source and N2H+ is marginally detected in two sources. The molecular-cloud scale (10 pc scale) chemical composition is found to be similar among the 7 sources regardless of different star formation activities, and hence, it represents the chemical composition characteristic to the LMC without influences of star formation activities. In comparison with chemical compositions of Galactic sources, the characteristic features are (1) deficient N-bearing molecules, (2) abundant CCH, and (3) deficient CH3OH. The feature (1) is due to a lower elemental abundance of nitrogen in the LMC, whereas the features (2) and (3) seem to originate from extended photodissociation regions and warmer temperature in cloud peripheries due to a lower abundance of dust grains in the low metallicity condition. In spite of general resemblance of chemical abundances among the seven sources, the CS/HCO+ and SO/HCO+ ratios are found to be slightly higher in a quiescent molecular cloud. An origin of this trend is discussed in relation to possible depletion of sulfur along molecular cloud formation.

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arXiv2015

Spectral-Line Survey at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelengths toward an Outflow-Shocked Region, OMC 2-FIR 4

We performed the first spectral-line survey at 82--106 GHz and 335--355 GHz toward the outflow-shocked region, OMC 2-FIR 4, the outflow driving source, FIR 3, and the northern outflow lobe, FIR 3N. We detected 120 lines of 20 molecular species. The line profiles are found to be classifiable into two types: one is a single Gaussian component with a narrow ($<$ 3 km s$^{-1}$) width and another is two Gaussian components with narrow and wide ($>$ 3km s$^{-1}$) widths. The narrow components for the most of the lines are detected at all positions, suggesting that they trace the ambient dense gas. For CO, CS, HCN, and HCO$^{+}$, the wide components are detected at all positions, suggesting the outflow origin. The wide components of C$^{34}$S, SO, SiO, H$^{13}$CN, HC$^{15}$N, H$_2^{13}$CO, H$_2$CS, HC$_3$N, and CH$_3$OH are detected only at FIR 4, suggesting the outflow-shocked gas origin. The rotation diagram analysis revealed that the narrow components of C$_2$H and H$^{13}$CO$^+$ show low temperatures of 12.5$\pm$1.4 K, while the wide components show high temperatures of 20--70 K. This supports our interpretation that the wide components trace the outflow and/or outflow-shocked gas. We compared observed molecular abundances relative to H$^{13}$CO$^+$ with those of the outflow-shocked region, L1157 B1, and the hot corino, IRAS 16293-2422. Although we cannot exclude a possibility that the chemical enrichment in FIR 4 is caused by the hot core chemistry, the chemical compositions in FIR 4 are more similar to those in L1157 B1 than those in IRAS 16293-2422.

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arXiv2015

Probing the effects of external irradiation on low-mass protostars through unbiased line surveys

(abridged) Context: The envelopes of molecular gas around embedded low-mass protostars show different chemistries, which can be used to trace their formation history and physical conditions. The excitation of some molecular species can also be used to trace these physical conditions, making it possible to constrain e.g. sources of heating and excitation. Aims: To study the range of influence of an intermediate-mass Herbig Be protostar, and to find what chemical and physical impact feedback effects from the environment may have on embedded protostars. Methods: We follow up on an earlier line survey of the Class 0/I source R CrA IRS7B in the 0.8 mm window with an unbiased line survey of the same source in the 1.3 mm window using the APEX telescope. We also study the excitation of the key species H2CO, CH3OH, and c-C3H2 in a complete sample of the 18 embedded protostars in the Corona Australis star-forming region. Radiative transfer models are used to establish abundances of the molecular species. Results: We detect line emission from 20 molecular species (32 including isotopologues) in the two surveys. The most complex species detected are CH3OH, CH3CCH, CH3CHO, and CH3CN. Several complex organics are significantly under-abundant in comparison with "hot corino" protostars. The H2CO temperatures of the sources in the region decrease with the distance to the Herbig Be star R CrA, whereas the c-C3H2 temperatures remain constant across the star-forming region. Conclusions: The high H2CO temperatures observed towards objects close to R CrA suggest that this star has a sphere of influence of several 10000 AU in which it increases the temperature of the molecular gas to 30-50 K through irradiation. The chemistry in the IRS7B envelope differs significantly from many other embedded protostars, which could be an effect of the external irradiation from R CrA.

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arXiv2015

Z45: A New 45-GHz Band Dual-Polarization HEMT Receiver for the NRO 45-m Radio Telescope

We developed a dual-linear-polarization HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) amplifier receiver system of the 45-GHz band (hereafter Z45), and installed it in the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. The receiver system is designed to conduct polarization observations by taking the cross correlation of two linearly-polarized components, from which we process full-Stokes spectroscopy. We aim to measure the magnetic field strength through the Zeeman effect of the emission line of CCS ($J_N=4_3-3_2$) toward pre-protostellar cores. A linear-polarization receiver system has a smaller contribution of instrumental polarization components to the Stokes $V$ spectra than that of the circular polarization system, so that it is easier to obtain the Stokes $V$ spectra. The receiver has an RF frequency of 42 $-$ 46 GHz and an intermediate frequency (IF) band of 4$-$8 GHz. The typical noise temperature is about 50 K, and the system noise temperature ranges from 100 K to 150K over the frequency of 42 $-$ 46 GHz. The receiver system is connected to two spectrometers, SAM45 and PolariS. SAM45 is a highly flexible FX-type digital spectrometer with a finest frequency resolution of 3.81 kHz. PolariS is a newly-developed digital spectrometer with a finest frequency resolution of 60 Hz, having a capability to process the full-Stokes spectroscopy. The Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) of the beam was measured to be 37$"$ at 43 GHz. The main beam efficiency of the Gaussian main beam was derived to be 0.72 at 43 GHz. The SiO maser observations show that the beam pattern is reasonably round at about 10 \% of the peak intensity and the side-lobe level was less than 3 \% of the peak intensity. Finally, we present some examples of astronomical observations using Z45.

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arXiv2015

Spectral Line Survey toward Young Massive Protostar NGC 2264 CMM3 in the 4 mm, 3 mm, and 0.8 mm Bands

Spectral line survey observations are conducted toward the high-mass protostar candidate NGC 2264 CMM3 in the 4 mm, 3 mm, and 0.8 mm bands with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope and the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment (ASTE) 10 m telescope. In total, 265 emission lines are detected in the 4 mm and 3 mm bands, and 74 emission lines in the 0.8 mm band. As a result, 36 molecular species and 30 isotopologues are identified. In addition to the fundamental molecular species, many emission lines of carbon-chain molecules such as HC5N, C4H, CCS, and C3S are detected in the 4 mm and 3 mm bands. Deuterated molecular species are also detected with relatively strong intensities. On the other hand, emission lines of complex organic molecules such as HCOOCH3, and CH3OCH3 are found to be weak. For the molecules for which multiple transitions are detected, rotation temperatures are derived to be 7-33 K except for CH3OH. Emission lines with high upper-state energies (Eu > 150 K) are detected for CH3OH, indicating existence of a hot core. In comparison with the chemical composition of the Orion KL, carbon-chain molecules and deuterated molecules are found to be abundant in NGC 2264 CMM3, while sulfur-bearing species and complex organic molecules are deficient. These characteristics indicate chemical youth of NGC 2264 CMM3 in spite of its location at the center of the cluster forming core, NGC 2264 C.

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arXiv2015

Abundance Anomaly of the $^{13}$C Isotopic Species of c-C$_3$H$_2$ in the Low-Mass Star Formation Region L1527

The rotational spectral lines of c-C$_3$H$_2$ and two kinds of the $^{13}$C isotopic species, c-$^{13}$CCCH$_2$ ($C_{2v}$ symmetry) and c-CC$^{13}$CH$_2$ ($C_s$ symmetry) have been observed in the 1-3 mm band toward the low-mass star-forming region L1527. We have detected 7, 3, and 6 lines of c-C$_3$H$_2$, c-$^{13}$CCCH$_2$ , and c-CC$^{13}$CH$_2$, respectively, with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, and 34, 6, and 13 lines, respectively, with the IRAM 30 m telescope, where 7, 2, and 2 transitions, respectively, are observed with the both telescopes. With these data, we have evaluated the column densities of the normal and $^{13}$C isotopic species. The [c-C$_3$H$_2$]/[c-$^{13}$CCCH$_2$] ratio is determined to be $310\pm80$, while the [c-C$_3$H$_2$]/[c-CC$^{13}$CH$_2$] ratio is determined to be $61\pm11$. The [c-C$_3$H$_2$]/[c-$^{13}$CCCH$_2$] and [c-C$_3$H$_2$]/[c-CC$^{13}$CH$_2$] ratios expected from the elemental $^{12}$C/$^{13}$C ratio are 60-70 and 30-35, respectively, where the latter takes into account the statistical factor of 2 for the two equivalent carbon atoms in c-C$_3$H$_2$. Hence, this observation further confirms the dilution of the $^{13}$C species in carbon-chain molecules and their related molecules, which are thought to originate from the dilution of $^{13}$C$^+$ in the gas-phase C$^+$ due to the isotope exchange reaction: $\mathrm{^{13}C^++CO\rightarrow{}^{13}CO+C^+}$. Moreover, the abundances of the two $^{13}$C isotopic species are different from each other. The ratio of c-$\mathrm{^{13}CCCH_2}$ species relative to c-$\mathrm{CC^{13}CH_2}$ is determined to be $0.20\pm0.05$. If $^{13}$C were randomly substituted for the three carbon atoms, the [c-$\mathrm{^{13}CCCH_2}$]/[c-$\mathrm{CC^{13}CH_2}$] ratio would be 0.5. Hence, the observed ratio indicates that c-$\mathrm{CC^{13}CH_2}$ exists more favorably. Possible origins of the different abundances are discussed.

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arXiv2015

ALMA Observations of the IRDC Clump G34.43+00.24 MM3: DNC/HNC Ratio

We have observed the clump G34.43+00.24 MM3 associated with an infrared dark cloud in DNC $J$=3--2, HN$^{13}$C $J$=3--2, and N$_2$H$^+$ $J$=3--2 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The N$_2$H$^+$ emission is found to be relatively weak near the hot core and the outflows, and its distribution is clearly anti-correlated with the CS emission. This result indicates that a young outflow is interacting with cold ambient gas. The HN$^{13}$C emission is compact and mostly emanates from the hot core, whereas the DNC emission is extended around the hot core. Thus, the DNC and HN$^{13}$C emission traces warm regions near the protostar differently. The DNC emission is stronger than the HN$^{13}$C emission toward most parts of this clump. The DNC/HNC abundance ratio averaged within a $15^{\prime\prime} \times 15^{\prime\prime}$ area around the phase center is higher than 0.06. This ratio is much higher than the value obtained by the previous single-dish observations of DNC and HN$^{13}$C $J$=1--0 ($\sim$0.003). It seems likely that the DNC and HNC emission observed with the single-dish telescope traces lower density envelopes, while that observed with ALMA traces higher density and highly deuterated regions. We have compared the observational results with chemical-model results in order to investigate the behavior of DNC and HNC in the dense cores. Taking these results into account, we suggest that the low DNC/HNC ratio in the high-mass sources obtained by the single-dish observations are at least partly due to the low filling factor of the high density regions.

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arXiv2014

ALMA Observations of the IRDC Clump G34.43+00.24 MM3: 278 GHz Class I Methanol Masers

We have observed a molecular clump (MM3) associated with the infrared dark cloud G34.43+00.24 in the CH3OH J_K=9_{-1}--8_0 E, 5_0-4_0 E, and 5_{-1}-4_{-1} E lines at sub-arcsecond resolution by using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. By comparing the CH3OH J_K=9_{-1}-8_0 E emission with the CH3OH 5_0-4_0 E and 5_{-1}-4_{-1} E emission, we have found that the CH3OH J_K=9_{-1}-8_0 E emission is masing. We have clearly shown that the CH3OH J_K=9_{-1}-8_0 masers arise from the post shocked gas in the interacting regions between the outflows and ambient dense gas. Toward the strongest peak of the CH3OH maser emission, SiO J=6-5 emission is very weak. This indicates that the CH3OH maser emission traces relatively old shocks or weak shocks.

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