Cobalt-Controlled Interphase Partitioning Regulates Matrix Solute Transport and $\gamma'$ Coarsening in Ti-Rich NiCoCr-Based Superalloys
The microstructural stability and mechanical response of $\gamma/\gamma'$ superalloys at elevated temperatures are governed by solute chemistry and elemental partitioning across the $\gamma/\gamma'$ heterophase interface. Conventionally, a lower $\gamma^{\prime}$ solvus temperature and a larger $\gamma/\gamma^{\prime}$ lattice misfit are expected to increase the coarsening rate. Here, Co-for-Ni substitution is used in Ni--Co--Cr--Al--Ti superalloys to systematically modify the $\gamma$-matrix chemistry and generate medium-entropy-alloy-type matrix environments with Ni:Co:Cr ratios of approximately 2:1:2, 2:2:1, and 1:2:1. Despite a $\sim$65~$^{\circ}$C reduction in $\gamma^{\prime}$ solvus temperature, the activation energy for Ti-rich Ni$3$(Al,Ti)-type $L1{2}$ $\gamma^{\prime}$ coarsening increases from $\sim$156 to $\sim$302~kJ~mol$^{-1}$ with increasing Co content. This enhanced coarsening resistance is attributed to an increase in the multicomponent solute-transport resistance, $S=\sum_i (\Delta C_i)^2/(D_i^\gamma C_i^\gamma)$, from $\sim 8.811\times10^{15}$ to $\sim 1.267\times10^{16}$~s~m$^{-2}$, together with a reduction in the apparent interfacial-energy term from 25.0 to 7.55~mJ~m$^{-2}$. The dominant transport resistance correspondingly shifts from Ni/Cr in B--10Co to Ni/Co/Cr in B--30Co.