arXiv subjects

Scott E. Dahm

Publications and source records attributed to Scott E. Dahm.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Parallaxes, Proper Motions, and Near-Infrared Photometry for 173 L and T Dwarfs From The US Naval Observatory Infrared Astrometry Program

We present near-infrared parallax and proper motion astrometry for 74 L-dwarfs and 99 T-dwarfs, as single objects or in binary systems, obtained with the ASTROCAM astrometric imager on the USNO, Flagstaff Station 1.55-m telescope over two observing periods. For all 173 objects the median number of observational epochs was 62 with a median time frame of 5.25 years, resulting in median uncertainties of $σ$($π_{abs}$) = 1.51 mas, $σ$($μ_{abs}$) = 1.02 mas yr$^{-1}$, and $σ$($V_{\rm tan}$) = 1.01 km s$^{-1}$. Our observations provide the first parallax/proper motion results for 16 objects and the highest precision parallaxes/proper motions for an additional 116 objects. A serendipitous overlap of 40 objects with Gaia DR3 astrometry allows direct comparison and confirmation of our results, along with an investigation on the effects of resolved binarity on astrometric results. We also provide a uniform set of $J$-, $H$-, $K_{S}$-band photometry in the UKIRT/MKO system, most of it being from new observations. We use these results to examine objects included in this study of special-interest populations, consisting of binaries, wide companions, young objects, subdwarfs, and brown dwarf spectral standards.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2023

Astrometry and Photometry for $\approx$1000 L, T, and Y Dwarfs from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey

We present positions, proper motions, and near-infrared photometry for 966 known objects with spectral types later than M observed as part of the the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS). We augment the photometry and astrometry from UHS with information from Gaia DR3, Pan-STARRS DR2, and CatWISE 2020 to produce a database of homogeneous photometry and astrometry for this sample. The multi-epoch survey strategy of UHS allows us to determine proper motions for most sources, with a median proper motion uncertainty of $\sim$3.6 mas yr$^{-1}$. Our UHS proper motion measurements are generally in good agreement with those from Gaia DR3, Pan-STARRS, and CatWISE 2020, with UHS proper motions typically more precise than those from CatWISE 2020 and Pan-STARRS but not Gaia DR3. We critically analyze publicly available spectra for 406 members of this sample and provide updated near-infrared spectral types for $\sim$100 objects. We determine typical colors as a function of spectral type and provide absolute magnitude vs. spectral type relations for UHS $J$- and $K$-band photometry. Using newly determined proper motions, we highlight several objects of interest, such as objects with large tangential velocities, widely separated co-moving companions, and potential members of young nearby associations.

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arXiv2023

Redder than Red: Discovery of an Exceptionally Red L/T Transition Dwarf

We present the discovery of CWISE J050626.96$+$073842.4 (CWISE J0506$+$0738), an L/T transition dwarf with extremely red near-infrared colors discovered through the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 citizen science project. Photometry from UKIRT and CatWISE give a $(J-K)_{\rm MKO}$ color of 2.97$\pm$0.03 mag and a $J_{\rm MKO}-$W2 color of 4.93$\pm$0.02 mag, making CWISE J0506$+$0738 the reddest known free-floating L/T dwarf in both colors. We confirm the extremely red nature of CWISE J0506$+$0738 using Keck/NIRES near-infrared spectroscopy and establish that it is a low-gravity late-type L/T transition dwarf. The spectrum of CWISE J0506$+$0738 shows possible signatures of CH$_4$ absorption in its atmosphere, suggesting a colder effective temperature than other known, young, red L dwarfs. We assign a preliminary spectral type for this source of L8$γ$-T0$γ$. We tentatively find that CWISE J0506$+$0738 is variable at 3-5 $μ$m based on multi-epoch WISE photometry. Proper motions derived from follow-up UKIRT observations combined with a radial velocity from our Keck/NIRES spectrum and a photometric distance estimate indicate a strong membership probability in the $β$ Pic moving group. A future parallax measurement will help to establish a more definitive moving group membership for this unusual object.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2022

Substellar Hyades Candidates from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey

We have used data from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey (UHS) to search for substellar members of the Hyades cluster. Our search recovered several known substellar Hyades members, and two known brown dwarfs that we suggest may be members based on a new kinematic analysis. We uncovered thirteen new substellar Hyades candidates, and obtained near-infrared follow-up spectroscopy of each with IRTF/SpeX. Six candidates with spectral types between M7 and L0 are ruled out as potential members based on their photometric distances ($\gtrsim$100 pc). The remaining seven candidates, with spectral types between L5 and T4, are all potential Hyades members, with five showing strong membership probabilities based on BANYAN $Σ$ and a convergent point analysis. Distances and radial velocities are still needed to confirm Hyades membership. If confirmed, these would be some of the lowest mass free-floating members of the Hyades yet known, with masses as low as $\sim$30 $M_{\rm Jup}$. An analysis of all known substellar Hyades candidates shows evidence that the full extent of the Hyades has yet to be probed for low-mass members, and more would likely be recovered with deeper photometric and astrometric investigations.

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arXiv2022

The historic Ks light curve of the FUor PGIR20dci

We report a historic Ks-band light curve spanning over three decades of the FUor PGIR20dci recently discovered by Hillenbrand et al. (2021) . We find some minor variability of the object prior to the FUor outburst, an initial rather slow rise in brightness, followed in 2019 by a much steeper rise to the maximum.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2020

Near infrared and optical continuum emission region size measurements in the gravitationally lensed quasars Q0957+561 and SBS0909+532

We present a microlensing analysis of updated light curves in three filters, $g$--band, $r$--band, and $H$--band, for the gravitationally lensed quasars Q0957+561 and SBS0909+532. Both systems display prominent microlensing features which we analyze using our Bayesian Monte Carlo technique to constrain the quasar continuum emission region sizes in each band. We report sizes as half-light radii scaled to a 60 degree inclination angle. For Q0957+561 we measure $\log{(r_{1/2}/\text{cm})} = 16.54^{+0.33}_{-0.33}$, $16.66^{+0.37}_{-0.62}$, and $17.37^{+0.49}_{-0.40}$ in $g$--, $r$--, and $H$--band respectively. For SBS0909+532 we measure $\log{(r_{1/2}/\text{cm})} = 15.83^{+0.33}_{-0.33}$, $16.21^{+0.37}_{-0.62}$, and $17.90^{+0.61}_{-0.63}$ in $g$--, $r$--, and $H$--band respectively. With size measurements in three bands spanning the quasar rest frame ultraviolet to optical, we can place constraints on the scaling of accretion disk size with wavelength, $r\proptoλ^{1/β}$. In a joint analysis of both systems we find a slope shallower than that predicted by thin disk theory, $β= 0.35^{+0.16}_{-0.08}$, consistent with other constraints from multi-epoch microlensing studies.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2018

Preliminary Trigonometric Parallaxes of 184 Late-T and Y Dwarfs and an Analysis of the Field Substellar Mass Function into the "Planetary" Mass Regime

We present preliminary trigonometric parallaxes of 184 late-T and Y dwarfs using observations from Spitzer (143), USNO (18), NTT (14), and UKIRT (9). To complete the 20-pc census of $\ge$T6 dwarfs, we combine these measurements with previously published trigonometric parallaxes for an additional 44 objects and spectrophotometric distance estimates for another 7. For these 235 objects, we estimate temperatures, sift into five 150K-wide $T_{\rm eff}$ bins covering the range 300-1050K, determine the completeness limit for each, and compute space densities. To anchor the high-mass end of the brown dwarf mass spectrum, we compile a list of early- to mid-L dwarfs within 20 pc. We run simulations using various functional forms of the mass function passed through two different sets of evolutionary code to compute predicted distributions in $T_{\rm eff}$. The best fit of these predictions to our L, T, and Y observations is a simple power-law model with $α\approx 0.6$ (where $dN/dM \propto M^{-α}$), meaning that the slope of the field substellar mass function is in rough agreement with that found for brown dwarfs in nearby star forming regions and young clusters. Furthermore, we find that published versions of the log-normal form do not predict the steady rise seen in the space densities from 1050K to 350K. We also find that the low-mass cutoff to formation, if one exists, is lower than $\sim$5 $M_{Jup}$, which corroborates findings in young, nearby moving groups and implies that extremely low-mass objects have been forming over the lifetime of the Milky Way.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2003

Adaptive Optics Imaging and Spectroscopy of Cygnus A: I. Evidence for a Minor Merger

We present Keck II adaptive optics near infrared imaging and spectroscopic observations of the central regions of the powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A. The 0.05" resolution images clearly show an unresolved nucleus between two spectacular ionization/scattering cones. We report the discovery of a relatively bright (K'~19) secondary point source 0.4" or 400 pc in projection southwest of the radio nucleus. The object is also visible in archival Hubble Space Telescope optical images, although it is easily confused with the underlying structure of the host. Although the near infrared colors of this secondary point source are roughly consistent with those of an L-dwarf, its spectrum and optical-to-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) virtually rule out the possibility that it may be any foreground projected object. We conclude that the secondary point source is likely to be an extragalactic object associated with Cygnus A. We consider several interpretations of the nature of this object, including: a young star cluster peering through the dust at the edge of one of the ionization cones; an older, large globular cluster; a compact cloud of dust or electrons that is acting as a mirror of the hidden active nucleus; and the dense core of a gas stripped satellite galaxy that is merging with the giant elliptical host. The data presented here are most consistent with the minor merger scenario. The spectra and SED of the object suggest that it may be a densely packed conglomeration of older stars heavily extincted by dust, and its high luminosity and compact nature are consistent with those of a satellite that has been stripped to its tidal radius. Further spectroscopic observations are nevertheless necessary to confirm this possibility.

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