arXiv subjects

Sebastian Dumitru

Publications and source records attributed to Sebastian Dumitru.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

The strongly coupled $E_8\times E_8$ heterotic string: Geometry $\&$ Phenomenology

Working within the context of the strongly coupled $E_8\times E_8$ heterotic string theory, we analyze the $B-L$ MSSM, a realistic supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, from both a low-energy phenomenology and high-energy string perspective. From a formal point of view, we examine different constructions of string vacua, which satisfy a series of theoretical and phenomenological constraints. Such vacua configurations are anomaly-free, preserve $N = 1$ SUSY at the compactification scale and yield the correct value for the $SO(10)$ unification scale and gauge coupling in the visible particle sector. Furthermore, we analyze a possible SUSY-breaking mechanism for the type of vacua we construct, via gaugino condensation in the hidden sector. In an attempt to connect these findings to experiment, we study the prospects of detecting the $B-L$ MSSM at the LHC in the near future. Within this specific context, we show that R-parity violating decays of supersymmetric particles could be amenable to direct detection at the ATLAS and CMS detectors. Detection of these processes would not only be an explicit indication of "Beyond the Standard Model" physics, but would also hint strongly at the existence of $N=1$ SUSY with spontaneously broken R-parity.

hep-th↗

arXiv2022

FIMP Dark Matter in Heterotic M-Theory

Within the context of $N=1$ supersymmetric heterotic $M$-theory, we present a "freeze-in" mechanism for producing dark matter via a "moduli portal" between the observable and hidden sectors. It is assumed that the observable sector consists of the MSSM or some physically acceptable extension of it, while the hidden sector is chosen so as to satisfy all physical and mathematical constraints. Dark matter production processes are examined for two fundamental types of hidden sectors; those whose gauge bundle structure group contains an anomalous $U(1)$ and those whose structure group is non-Abelian and anomaly free. The couplings of the dilaton and the "universal" modulus to all fields of the observable and hidden sectors are presented and analyzed. These interactions are then combined to produce a moduli portal from a thermal bath of observable sector particles to the hidden sector. These processes are then analyzed for both the anomalous and non-anomalous cases. It is shown that only the uncharged hidden sector matter scalars can play the role of dark matter, and that these are predominantly produced during the "reheating" epoch on the observable sector. Within the context of both an anomalous and non-anomalous hidden sector, we calculated the dark matter "relic density". We show that in both case, for a wide choice of moduli vacua, one can correctly predict the observabled relic density. For the anomalous $U(1)$ case, we choose a specific physically acceptable vacuum within the context of the $B-L$ MSSM and show that one precisely obtains the measured dark matter relic abundance.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

Moduli and Hidden Matter in Heterotic M-Theory with an Anomalous $U(1)$ Hidden Sector

This paper discusses the dilaton, Kähler moduli and hidden sector matter chiral superfields of heterotic $M$-theory vacua in which the hidden sector gauge bundle is chosen to be a line bundle with an anomalous U(1) structure group. For simplicity of notation, the theory is compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold with $h^{1,1}=1$, although all methods and results apply to more general heterotic compactifications. After introducing a non-perturbative $F$-term potential and coupling to supergravity, the canonically normalized scalar and fermion mass eigenstates, evaluated around a fixed supersymmetry breaking vacuum, are computed and the explicit expressions for their masses presented. In addition, the relevant couplings of these eigenstates to themselves and to chiral matter in the observable sector are evaluated. The decay rates of generic observable sector scalars into both moduli and hidden sector matter scalars and fermions are then presented. This opens the door to explicit calculations of the decay of an observable sector cosmological inflaton into moduli and hidden sector dark matter candidates. Finally, an explicit flux and gaugino condensate induced non-perturbative superpotential is introduced which is shown to stabilize three of the four real components of the moduli fields.

hep-th↗

arXiv2021

Heterotic $M$-Theory Hidden Sectors with an Anomalous $U(1)$ Gauge Symmetry

The hidden sector of heterotic $M$-theory vacua whose gauge bundle contains an anomalous $U(1)$ factor is discussed in detail. The mathematical formalism for computing the inhomogeneous transformation of the dilaton and Kähler moduli axions under an anomalous $U(1)$ transformation is presented. Along with matter multiplets, which transform homogeneously under $U(1)$, the relevant part of the $U(1)$ invariant low energy hidden sector Lagrangian is presented and analyzed. A detailed mathematical formalism is given for rotating these field to a new basis of chiral superfields with normalized kinetic energy and a diagonal mass matrix. It is shown that the scalar and fermionic components of one such chiral superfield give rise to a massive $U(1)$ vector superfield, whose mass is composed of both anomalous and Higgs contributions associated with the inhomogeneous and homogeneous transformations respectively. Two explicit examples are presented, with vanishing and non-zero Fayet-Iliopoulos term respectively. The canonically normalized hidden sector Lagrangian given here is restricted to gauge interactions only. A study of higher order interactions of the moduli and matter multiplets, as well as the coupling to supergravity, will be presented elsewhere.

hep-th↗

arXiv2021

Hidden Sectors from Multiple Line Bundles for the $B-L$ MSSM

We give a formalism for constructing hidden sector bundles as extensions of sums of line bundles in heterotic $M$-theory. Although this construction is generic, we present it within the context of the specific Schoen threefold that leads to the physically realistic $B-L$ MSSM model. We discuss the embedding of the line bundles, the existence of the extension bundle, and a number of necessary conditions for the resulting bundle to be slope-stable and thus $N=1$ supersymmetric. An explicit example is presented, where two line bundles are embedded into the $SU(3)$ factor of the $E_{6} \times SU(3)$ maximal subgroup of the hidden sector $E_{8}$ gauge group, and then enhanced to a non-Abelian $SU(3)$ bundle by extension. For this example, there are in fact six inequivalent extension branches, significantly generalizing that space of solutions compared with hidden sectors constructed from a single line bundle.

hep-th↗

arXiv2021

Explicit Soft Supersymmetry Breaking in the Heterotic M-Theory $B-L$ MSSM

The strongly coupled heterotic M-theory vacuum for both the observable and hidden sectors of the $B-L$ MSSM theory is reviewed, including a discussion of the "bundle" constraints that both the observable sector $SU(4)$ vector bundle and the a hidden sector bundle induced from a line bundle must satisfy. Gaugino condensation is then introduced within this context, and the hidden sector bundles that exhibit gaugino condensation are presented. The condensation scale is computed, singling out one line bundle whose associated condensation scale is low enough to be compatible with the energy scales available at the LHC. The corresponding region of Kähler moduli space where all bundle constraints are satisfied is presented. The generic form of the moduli dependent $F$-terms due to a gaugino superpotential - which spontaneously break $N=1$ supersymmetry in this sector - is presented and then given explicitly for the unique line bundle associated with the low condensation scale. The moduli dependent coefficients for each of the gaugino and scalar field soft supersymmetry breaking terms are computed leading to a low-energy effective Lagrangian for the observable sector matter fields. We then show that at a large number of points in Kähler moduli space that satisfy all "bundle" constraints, these coefficients are initial conditions for the renormalization group equations which, at low energy, lead to completely realistic physics satisfying all phenomenological constraints. Finally, we show that a substantial number of these initial points also satisfy a final constraint arising from the quadratic Higgs-Higgs conjugate soft supersymmetry breaking term.

hep-th↗

arXiv2021

Line Bundle Hidden Sectors for Strongly Coupled Heterotic Standard Models

The compactification from the eleven-dimensional Hořava-Witten orbifold to five-dimensional heterotic M-theory on a Schoen Calabi-Yau threefold is reviewed, as is the specific $SU(4)$ vector bundle leading to the "heterotic standard model" in the observable sector. Within the context of strongly coupled heterotic M-theory, a formalism for consistent hidden-sector bundles associated with a single line bundle is presented, and a specific line bundle is introduced as a concrete example. Anomaly cancellation and the associated bulk space five-branes are discussed in this context, as is the constraint that the hidden sector bundle be compatible with the slope-stability requirements of the observable sector $SU(4)$ gauge bundle. The further compactification to a four-dimensional effective theory on a linearized BPS double domain wall is then presented to order $κ_{11}^{4/3}$. Specifically, the generic constraints required for anomaly cancellation and the restrictions imposed by positive squared gauge couplings to order $κ_{11}^{4/3}$ are presented in detail. Three additional constraints are imposed, one guaranteeing that the $S^{1}/{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ orbifold length is sufficiently larger than the average Calabi-Yau radius, and two enforcing that the hidden sector be compatible with both the unification mass scale and unified gauge coupling of the $SO(10)$ group in the observable sector. Finally, the expression for the Fayet-Iliopoulos term associated with an anomalous $U(1)$ symmetry is presented and its role in $N=1$ supersymmetry in the low-energy effective theory is discussed. It is shown that $N=1$ supersymmetry can be preserved by cancelling the tree-level and genus-one contributions against each another.

hep-th↗

arXiv2019

$R$-parity Violating Decays of Bino Neutralino LSPs at the LHC

The $R$-parity violating decays of Bino neutralino LSPs are analyzed within the context of the $B-L$ MSSM "heterotic standard model". These LSPs correspond to statistically determined initial soft supersymmetry breaking parameters which, when evolved using the renormalization group equations, lead to an effective theory satisfying all phenomenological requirements; including the observed electroweak vector boson masses and the Higgs mass. The explicit RPV decay channels of these LSPs into standard model particles, the analytic and numerical decay rates and the associated branching ratios are presented. The analysis of these quantities breaks into two separate calculations; first, for Bino neutralino LSPs with mass larger than $M_{W^{\pm}}$ and, second, when the Bino neutralino mass is smaller than the electroweak scale. The RPV decay processes in both of these regions is analyzed in detail. The decay lengths of these RPV interactions are discussed. It is shown that for heavy Bino neutralino LSPs the vast majority of these decays are "prompt", although a small, but calculable, number correspond to "displaced" decays of various lengths. The situation is reversed for light Bino LSPs, only a small number of which can RPV decay promptly. The relation of these results to the neutrino hierarchy--either normal or inverted--is discussed in detail.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

$R$-parity Violating Decays of Wino Chargino and Wino Neutralino LSPs and NLSPs at the LHC

The $R$-parity violating decays of both Wino chargino and Wino neutralino LSPs are analyzed within the context of the $B-L$ MSSM "heterotic standard model". These LSPs correspond to statistically determined initial soft supersymmetry breaking parameters which, when evolved using the renormalization group equations, lead to an effective theory satisfying all phenomenological requirements; including the observed electroweak vector boson and Higgs masses. The explicit decay channels of these LSPs into standard model particles, the analytic and numerical decay rates and the associated branching ratios are presented. The decay lengths of these RPV interactions are discussed. It is shown that the vast majority of these decays are "prompt", although a small, but calculable, number correspond to "displaced vertices" of various lengths. It is demonstrated that for a Wino chargino LSP, the NLSP is the Wino neutralino with a mass only slightly higher than the LSP-- and vice-versa. As a consequence, we show that both the Wino chargino and Wino neutralino LSP/NLSP $R$-parity violating decays should be simultaneously observable at the CERN LHC.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

The $R$-parity Violating Decays of Charginos and Neutralinos in the B-L MSSM

The $B-L$ MSSM is the MSSM with three right-handed neutrino chiral multiplets and gauged $B-L$ symmetry. The $B-L$ symmetry is broken by the third family right-handed sneutrino acquiring a VEV, thus spontaneously breaking $R$-parity. Within a natural range of soft supersymmetry breaking parameters, it is shown that a large and uncorrelated number of initial values satisfy all present phenomenological constraints; including the correct masses for the $W^{\pm}$, $Z^0$ bosons, having all sparticles exceeding their present lower bounds and giving the experimentally measured value for the Higgs boson. For this "valid" set of initial values, there are a number of different LSPs, each occurring a calculable number of times. We plot this statistically and determine that among the most prevalent LSPs are chargino and neutralino mass eigenstates. In this paper, the $R$-parity violating decay channels of charginos and neutralinos to standard model particles are determined, and the interaction vertices and decay rates computed analytically. These results are valid for any chargino and neutralino, regardless of whether or not they are the LSP. For chargino and neutralino LSPs, we will-- in a subsequent series of papers --present a numerical study of their RPV decays evaluated statistically over the range of associated valid initial points.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2019

Predictions and sensitivity forecasts for reionization-era [C II] line intensity mapping

Observations of the high-redshift Universe using the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen and complimentary emission lines from the first galaxies promise to open a new door for our understanding of the epoch of reionization. We present predictions for the [C II] 158-micron line and H I 21 cm emission from redshifts z=6--9 using high-dynamic-range cosmological simulations combined with semi-analytical models. We find that the CONCERTO experiment should be able to detect the large scale power spectrum of [C II] emission to redshifts of up to z=8 (signal-to-noise ratio ~ 1 at k = 0.1 h/cMpc with 1500 hr of integration). A Stage II experiment similar to CCAT-p should be able to detect [C II] from even higher redshifts to high significance for similar integration times (signal-to-noise ratio of ~50 at k = 0.2 h/cMpc at z=6--9). We study the possibility of combining such future [C II] measurements with 21 cm measurements using LOFAR and SKA to measure the [C II]-21cm cross power spectra, and find that a Stage II experiment should be able to measure the cross-power spectrum for k < 1 h/cMpc to signal-to-noise ratio of better than 10. We discuss the capability of such measurements to constrain astrophysical parameters relevant to reionization and show that a measurement of the [C II]-21cm cross power spectrum helps break the degeneracy between the mass and brightness of ionizing sources.

astro-ph.GA↗