arXiv subjects

Sen Zhan

Publications and source records attributed to Sen Zhan.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Real-time Measurement-based Optimization for Distribution System Operation Considering Battery Voltage and Thermal Constraints

The secure operation of power distribution systems is challenged by the growing integration of distributed energy resources. Leveraging the flexibility of battery storage offers a cost-effective alternative to measures like generation curtailment, which results in energy losses. However, developing an effective operational model for battery storage is hindered by inaccurate grid models, unavailability of load data, nonlinear relationship between power injections and network states, intertemporal constraints, and complex electrochemical and thermal dynamics. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a data-driven operational control scheme for battery storage in distribution systems. Linear and convex quadratic operational constraints are constructed based on real-time distribution system and battery storage measurements. Lyapunov optimization decouples multi-period battery operation, enabling a real-time, forecast-free control strategy with low computational complexity. Numerical studies using nonlinear distribution system and battery storage simulators validate the effectiveness of the approach in ensuring secure distribution system operation and satisfaction of voltage and thermal constraints of battery storage.

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arXiv2024

Distributed Online Feedback Optimization for Real-time Distribution System Voltage Regulation

We investigate the real-time voltage regulation problem in distribution systems employing online feedback optimization (OFO) with short-range communication between physical neighbours. OFO does not need an accurate grid model nor estimated consumption of non-controllable loads, affords fast calculations, and demonstrates robustness to uncertainties and disturbances, which render it particularly suitable for real-time distribution system applications. However, many OFO controllers require centralized communication, making them susceptible to single-point failures. This paper proposes a distributed OFO design based on a nested feedback optimization strategy and analyzes its convergence. The strategy preserves end-users' privacy by keeping voltage data local. Numerical study results demonstrate that the proposed design achieves effective voltage regulation and outperforms other distributed and local approaches.

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arXiv2021

Distributionally Robust Chance-Constrained Flexibility Planning for Integrated Energy System

Inflexible combined heat and power (CHP) plants and uncertain wind power production result in excess power in distribution networks, which leads to inverse power flow challenging grid operations. Power-to-X facilities such as electrolysers and electric boilers can offer extra flexibility to the integrated energy system. In this regard, we aim to jointly determine the optimal Power-to-X facility sizing and integrated energy system operations in this study. To account for wind power uncertainties, a distributionally robust chance-constrained model is developed to characterize wind power uncertainties using ambiguity sets. Linear decision rules are applied to analytically express real-time recourse actions when uncertainties are exposed, which allows the propagation of wind power uncertainties to gas and heat systems. Accordingly, the developed three-stage distributionally robust chance-constrained model is converted into a computationally tractable single-stage mixed-integer conic model. A case study validates the effectiveness of introducing the electrolyser and electric boiler into the integrated energy system, with respect to the decreased system cost, expanded CHP plant flexibility and reduced inverse power flow. The developed distributionally robust optimization model exhibits better effectiveness and robustness compared to a chance-constrained optimization model assuming wind forecast errors follow Gaussian distribution. Detailed profit analysis reveals that although the overall system cost is minimized, the profit is distributed unevenly across various stakeholders in the system.

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arXiv2021

Optimal Real-time Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Low-voltage Grids

This study proposes a real-time distributed energy resource (DER) coordination model that can exploit flexibility from the DERs to solve voltage and overloading issues using both active and reactive power. The model considers time-coupling devices including electric vehicles and heat pumps by deviating as little as possible from their original schedules while prioritizing DERs with the most urgent demand using dynamic cost terms. The model does not require a multi-period setting or a multi-period-ahead forecast, which enables the model to alleviate the computational difficulty and enhance its applicability for DSOs to manage the grids in real time. A case study using a Dutch low-voltage grid assuming a 100% penetration scenario of electric vehicles, heat pumps, and photovoltaics (PVs) in the households validates that the proposed model can resolve the network issues while not affecting user comfort.

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arXiv2021

Technoeconomic Supplement of P2G Clusters with Hydrogen Pipeline for Coordinated Renewable Energy and HVDC Systems

Under the downward tendency of prices of renewable energy generators and upward trend of hydrogen demand, this paper studies the technoeconomic supplement of P2G clusters with hydrogen pipeline for HVDC to jointly consume renewable energy. First, the planning and operation constraints of large-capacity P2G clusters is established. On this basis, the multistage coordinated planning model of renewable energy, HVDCs, P2Gs and hydrogen pipelines is proposed considering both variability and uncertainty, rendering a distributionally robust chance-constrained (DRCC) program. Then this model is applied in the case study based on the real Inner Mongolia-Shandong system. Compared with energy transmission via HVDC only, P2G can provide operation supplement with its operational flexibility and long term economic supplement with increasing demand in high-valued transportation sector, which stimulates an extra 24 GW renewable energy exploration. Sensitivity analysis for both technical and economic factors further verifies the advantages of P2G in the presence of high variability due to renewable energy and downward tendency of prices of renewable energy generators. However, since the additional levelized cost of the P2G (0.04 RMB/kWh) is approximately twice the HVDC (0.02 RMB/kWh), P2G is more sensitive to uncertainty from both renewable energy and hydrogen demand.

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