Novel Effects in High-Tc Granular Superconductors Predicted via Model of 3D Josephson Junction Arrays
Despite the fact that Josephson Junction Arrays (JAA) have been actively studied for decades, they continue to contribute to the variety of intriguing and peculiar phenomena (both fundamental and important for potential applications) providing at the same time a useful tool for testing new theoretical ideas. To give just a few recent examples, it is sufficient to mention paramagnetic Meissner effect (PME) as well as the recently introduced thermophase and piezophase effects suggesting, respectively, a direct influence of a thermal gradient and an applied stress on phase difference between the adjacent grains. At the same time, an artificially prepared islands of superconducting grains, well-described by the various models of JJAs, proved useful in studying the charging effects in these systems, ranging from Coulomb blockade of Cooper pair tunneling and Bloch oscillations to propagation of quantum ballistic vortices. The present paper reviews some of the recently suggested novel effects which should manifest themselves either in weak-links-bearing superconductors or in artificially prepared JJAs. In Section 2 we consider the appearance of an electric-field induced magnetization (analog of the so-called magnetoelectric effect) in a model granular superconductor. The dual effect, that is an appearance of a magnetic field induced electric polarization is studied in Section 3. Finally, in Section 4 we discuss a possibility of two other interesting effects which are expected to occur in a granular material under mechanical loading. Specifically, we predict the existence of stress induced paramagnetic moment in zero applied magnetic field (Josephson piezomagnetism) and study its influence on a low-field magnetization (leading to a mechanically induced PME).