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Sergey Avvakumov

Publications and source records attributed to Sergey Avvakumov.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

The classification of certain linked $3$-manifolds in $6$-space

We work entirely in the smooth category. An embedding $f:(S^2\times S^1)\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ is {\it Brunnian}, if the restriction of $f$ to each component is isotopic to the standard embedding. For each triple of integers $k,m,n$ such that $m\equiv n \pmod{2}$, we explicitly construct a Brunnian embedding $f_{k,m,n}:(S^2\times S^1)\sqcup S^3 \rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ such that the following theorem holds. Theorem: Any Brunnian embedding $f:(S^2\times S^1)\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ is isotopic to $f_{k,m,n}$ for some integers $k,m,n$ such that $m\equiv n \pmod{2}$. Two embeddings $f_{k,m,n}$ and $f_{k',m',n'}$ are isotopic if and only if $k=k'$, $m\equiv m' \pmod{2k}$ and $n\equiv n' \pmod{2k}$. We use Haefliger's classification of embeddings $S^3\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ in our proof. The following corollary shows that the relation between the embeddings $(S^2\times S^1)\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ and $S^3\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ is not trivial. Corollary: There exist embeddings $f:(S^2\times S^1)\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ and $g,g':S^3\sqcup S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb R}^6$ such that the componentwise embedded connected sum $f\#g$ is isotopic to $f\#g'$ but $g$ is not isotopic to $g'$.

math.GT↗

How do curved spheres intersect in 3-space?

The following problem was proposed in 2010 by S. Lando. Let $M$ and $N$ be two unions of the same number of disjoint circles in a sphere. Do there always exist two spheres in 3-space such that their intersection is transversal and is a union of disjoint circles that is situated as $M$ in one sphere and as $N$ in the other? Union $M'$ of disjoint circles is {\it situated} in one sphere as union $M$ of disjoint circles in the other sphere if there is a homeomorphism between these two spheres which maps $M'$ to $M$. We prove (by giving an explicit example) that the answer to this problem is "no". We also prove a necessary and sufficient condition on $M$ and $N$ for existing of such intersecting spheres. This result can be restated in terms of graphs. Such restatement allows for a trivial brute-force algorithm checking the condition for any given $M$ and $N$. It is an open question if a faster algorithm exist.

math.GT↗

Euler elasticae in the plane and the Whitney--Graustein theorem

In this paper, we apply classical energy principles to Euler elasticae, i.e., closed C^2 curves in the plane supplied with the Euler functional U (the integral of the square of the curvature along the curve). We study the critical points of U, find the shapes of the curves corresponding to these critical points and show which of the critical points are stable equilibrium points of the energy given by U, and which are unstable. It turns out that the set of stable equilibrium points coincides with the set of minima of U, so that the corresponding shapes of the curves obtained may be regarded as normal forms of Euler elasticae. In this way, we find the solution of the Euler problem (set in 1744) for plane closed elasticae. As a by-product, we obtain a "mechanical" proof of the Whitney--Graustein theorem on the classification of regular curves in the plane up to regular homotopy (in the particular case of C^2 curves). Besides mathematical theorems, our work includes a computer graphics software which shows, as an animation, how any plane curve evolves to its normal form under a discretized version of gradient descent along the (discretized) Euler functional.

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