arXiv subjects

Seungmo Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Seungmo Kim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Smart Contract Tells: Aircraft Maintenance Records Are Now Trustworthy

Aircraft maintenance records are critical to airworthiness and asset valuation, yet they are often fragmented across stakeholders, creating verification bottlenecks and information asymmetry that may suppress aircraft residual value. This paper proposes a blockchain-anchored decentralized application (dApp) based on a dual-layer architecture that combines InterPlanetary File System (IPFS)-based off-chain storage with on-chain anchoring of Content Identifiers (CIDs) and selected metadata. With respect to off-chain file size, the on-chain payload per record remains $\mathcal{O}(1)$, compared with $\mathcal{O}(n)$ for direct on-chain file storage. The architecture incorporates metadata and traceability controls informed by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) electronic recordkeeping guidance. The main contribution is an economic framework that models the relationship between tamper-evident maintenance-record provenance, audit workflow duration, aircraft residual value, and operational cost. In a 7-kB experiment conducted on the BNB Smart Chain testnet, CID anchoring reduced gas consumption by 93.9\% compared with direct on-chain storage. Under explicitly stated scenario assumptions, the audit-cost model indicates potential savings of more than 90\%. These results support the technical feasibility of the prototype and illustrate its economic potential, while the estimated financial benefits remain to be validated using operational data.

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arXiv2025

Robust Sensor Placement for Poisson Arrivals with False Alarm Aware Spatiotemporal Sensing

This paper studies sensor placement when detection performance varies stochastically due to environmental factors over space and time and false alarms are present, but a filter is used to attenuate the effect. We introduce a unified model that couples detection and false alarms through an availability function, which captures how false alarms reduce effective sensing and filtering responses to the disturbance. Building on this model, we give a sufficient condition under which filtering improves detection. In addition, we derive a coverage-based lower bound on the void probability. Furthermore, we prove robustness guarantees showing that performance remains stable when detection probabilities are learned from limited data. We validate the approach with numerical studies using AIS vessel-traffic data and synthetic maritime scenarios. Together, these results provide theory and practical guidance for deploying sensors in dynamic, uncertain environments.

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arXiv2024

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Shared Situation Awareness among Connected Vehicles

Shared situation awareness (SSA) has been garnering explosive interest in various applications for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In addition, the delay-constrained nature of supporting vehicular networks makes it critical to precisely analyze the performance of a SSA procedure. Extending the relevant literature, this paper provides an analysis framework that evaluates the performance of SSA in spatial and temporal aspects simultaneously. Specifically, this paper provides a closed-form probability distribution for the length of time taken for constitution of a SSA among a group of connected vehicles. This paper extends the calculation to investigation of feasibility of SSA in supporting various types of safety messages defined by the SAE J2735.

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arXiv2024

Is Wireless Bad for Consensus in Blockchain?

This paper examines how wireless communication affects the performance of various blockchain consensus mechanisms, focusing on their scalability and decentralization. It introduces an analytical framework for quantifying these effects, backed by extensive simulations, underscoring its broad applicability to various consensus mechanisms despite wireless communication's unreliability.

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arXiv2024

Can 5G Coexist with Satellite Uplink in 28 GHz Band?

5G standalone (SA) rollout is right around the corner. 28 GHz band is considered as one of the main spectrum bands for the 5G SA in many countries. However, the band has already been occupied by uplink of the fixed satellite service (FSS). Due to high equivalent isotropic radiated power (EIRP) adopted by the FSS, the interference that FSS may cause into 5G is garnering research interest. This research aims to establish an analytical framework that quantifies the FSS-to-5G interference.

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arXiv2024

Cross-Layer Performance Evaluation of C-V2X

As self-driving cars increasingly penetrate our daily lives, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications are emerging as one of the key enabler technologies. However, the dynamicity of vehicles (one of whose causes is the mobility of vehicles) often complicates it even further to evaluate the performance of a V2X system. We have been building a system-level simulator dedicated to assessing the performance of V2X communications. We highlight that the simulator features the incorporation of (i) intelligent transportation system (ITS) scenarios in geographical setup and (ii) physical (PHY) and radio resource control (RRC) cross-layer performance evaluation capability. In particular, this abstract reports the status of our implementation of the modulation and coding scheme (MCS).

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arXiv2023

In-Lab Implementation of DSRC PHY Layer

Connected and autonomous vehicles are already right around the corner of our everyday life. One of the key technologies actualizing the connected vehicles is vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X), which has been enhanced along the lines of two technologies--i.e., dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and cellular V2X (C-V2X). While the United States (U.S.) federal government is on the move of transitioning to C-V2X, a vast majority of stakeholders are still heavily relying on DSRC. This makes a compelling case where DSRC still necessitates thorough studies not only theoretically but experimentally as well. To this line, we present a testbed that is dedicated to evaluating the performance of a DSRC system. Our study encompasses a few different test scenarios for precise confirmation of the performance. We claim that this experimental setup will play a vital role in future studies to assess the DSRC technology applied to various use cases.

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arXiv2023

Optimizing EV Chargers Location via Integer Programming

There is no question to the fact that electric vehicles (EVs) are the most viable solution to the climate change that the planet has long been combating. Along the same line, it is a salient subject to expand the availability of charging infrastructure, which quintessentially necessitates the optimization of the charger's locations. This paper proposes to formulate the optimal EV charger location problem into a facility location problem (FLP). As an effort to find an efficient method to solve the well-known nonpolynomial deterministic (NP)-hard problem, we present a comparative quantification among several representative solving techniques.

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arXiv2023

Dangerously Driven Cars Need to Go First

We propose that dangerously driven vehicles take a higher priority in multiple access for vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X). As more vehicles communicate, it is one's easy anticipation that the air interface will be crowded and thus a high magnitude of interference occurs. In response to this issue, we propose to prioritize the multiple access according to the driver's risky behavior while driving. Specifically, we build a driving simulator that aims at capturing the driver's distraction. The level of distraction will be measured in terms of (i) eye movement and (ii) motion. We build a number of different traffic scenarios including suburban highway, urban junction, etc. This research features an open source-based, thus low-cost, implementation of the driving simulator. Then, we apply the quantified driver's distraction level to the optimization of V2X multiple access.

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arXiv2023

Is 30 MHz Enough for C-V2X?

Connected vehicles are no longer a futuristic dream coming out of a science fiction, but they are swiftly taking a bigger part of one's everyday life. One of the key technologies actualizing the connected vehicles is vehicle-to-everything communications (V2X). Nonetheless, the United States (U.S.) federal government decided to reallocate the spectrum band that used to be dedicated to V2X uses (namely, the ``5.9 GHz band'') and to leave only 40\% of the original chunk (i.e., 30 MHz of bandwidth) for V2X. It ignited concern of whether the 30-MHz spectrum suffices key V2X safety messages and the respective applications. We lay out an extensive study on the safety message types and their latency requirements. Then, we present our simulation results examining whether they can be supported in the 30-MHz spectrum setup.

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arXiv2021

On the Feasibility of 4.9 GHz Public Safety Band as Spectrum Option for Internet of Vehicles

There is an unprecedented impetus on the advancement of internet of vehicles (IoV). The vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is well acknowledged as the key technology in constitution of the IoV. Nevertheless, the spectrum for V2X communication is undergoing a massive change in the United States: a majority of the bandwidth has been reallocated to Wi-Fi leaving even less than a half of the bandwidth for V2X. This motivates investigation of other candidate spectrum bands for operation of V2X communication as an urgent effort to guarantee efficient operations of IoV. To this line, this paper studies the feasibility of sharing the 4.9 GHz public safety band between the incumbent systems and V2X users.

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arXiv2021

On the Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Consensus for Blockchain among Connected Vehicles

It is a critical matter for a blockchain system whether a Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) can be guaranteed during a consensus process. Can connected vehicles (CVs) achieve the BFT consensus when the vehicles keep mobile? This paper seeks an answer to this fundamental question. It focuses on characterizing the impact of mobility on the performance of a BFT consensus among CVs.

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arXiv2021

Adding Interactivity to Education of Complex Wireless Networks Using Digital Game-Based Learning

Can we make undergraduate engineering education easier and more fun? This research aims to see if we can answer the ambitious question! The digital game-based learning (DGBL) has been found to increase the efficacy of learning when applied in engineering classes thanks to its ability to make students feel easy and fun. However, the state-of-the-art DGBL schemes still observe challenges in various aspects including cost, efficacy, readiness of instructors and students, etc. Motivated from the challenges, this research proposes to design a DGBL platform that features visualized and systematic views. Specifically, we identify the blockchain applied to wireless communications and networking systems as a key ecosystem that we capitalize the benefit of the proposed platform.. As such, in this paper, we lay out a comprehensive DGBL pedagogy that includes (i) creation of relevant assignment activities and class materials in a relevant course and (ii) evaluation of the pedagogical efficacy. In a long-term view, a successful delivery of this research will increase the confidence of undergraduate engineering students on the "in-concert" dynamics of various factors determining the performance of a blockchain system built on a wireless network.

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arXiv2021

Simulations for Stochastic Geometry on the Performance of V2X Communications in Rural Macrocell Environment

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications is a concept that has been around for the past decade. It involves communication between vehicles and other types of infrastructure. This application is exceptionally useful for emergency services such as ambulances, fire trucks etc. This is because an emergency vehicle can communicate with the traffic light infrastructure and make it give the green signal thereby allowing vehicle to pass quickly. This is useful because it alerts other cars and pedestrians on the road when an emergency vehicle is present. In this paper, a V2X communications system in an urban setting will be simulated using MATLAB and the Automated Driving Toolbox. The purpose of simulation in MATLAB is to test if vehicle to vehicle communication is affected by buildings and other infrastructure. The first Simulation is constructed using the Automated driving simulator. In this simulation clover highway is constructed and cars are added to mimic a busy highway. The second simulation involves several nodes being programmed in MATLAB and intersecting at various points to simulate an overpass highway. The end goal of this project to successfully simulate a V2X communications system with additional components added within the program to represent additional cars and infrastructure.

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arXiv2021

Environment-Adaptive Multiple Access for Distributed V2X Network: A Reinforcement Learning Framework

The huge research interest in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications in recent days is attributed to their ability to schedule multiple access more efficiently as compared to its predecessor technology, i.e., dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). However, one of the foremost issues still remaining is the need for the V2X to operate stably in a highly dynamic environment. This paper proposes a way to exploit the dynamicity. That is, we propose a resource allocation mechanism adaptive to the environment, which can be an efficient solution for air interface congestion that a V2X network often suffers from. Specifically, the proposed mechanism aims at granting a higher chance of transmission to a vehicle with a higher crash risk. As such, the channel access is prioritized to those with urgent needs. The proposed framework is established based on reinforcement learning (RL), which is modeled as a contextual multi-armed bandit (MAB). Importantly, the framework is designed to operate at a vehicle autonomously without any assistance from a central entity, which, henceforth, is expected to make a particular fit to distributed V2X network such as C-V2X mode 4.

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arXiv2020

Novel Backoff Mechanism for Mitigation of Congestion in DSRC Broadcast

Due to the recent re-allocation of the 5.9 GHz band by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC), it will be inevitable that dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) and cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X), two representative technologies for V2X, have to address coexistence. Especially, the distributed nature of DSRC makes it not trivial to control congestions due to an asynchronous structure, which makes it inefficient to disseminate a controlling signal. To this end, we propose a method to "lighten" a distributed V2X networking. Technically, it is to allocate the backoff counter according to the level of an accident risk to which a vehicle is temporarily exposed. We provide an analysis framework based on a spatiotemporal analysis. The numerical results show the improvement in the successful delivery of basic safety messages (BSMs).

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arXiv2020

BlueFMCW: Random Frequency Hopping Radar for Mitigation of Interference and Spoofing

Traffic safety is the foremost value that automotive radar systems aim to pursue. Unlike in mobile communication systems, the literature for radar systems did not adequately address inter-radar interference and security threats such as jamming and spoofing, which in turn threatens the traffic safety. In this context, we introduce a novel frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar scheme (namely, BlueFMCW) that mitigates both interference and spoofing signals. BlueFMCW randomly hops frequency to avoid interference and spoofing signals. Our phase alignment algorithm is capable of removing the phase discontinuity while combining the beat signals from the randomly-hopped chirps, and thereby radar's resolution is not compromised. The simulation results show that BlueFMCW can efficiently mitigate the interference and spoofing signals in various scenarios without paying its resolution.

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arXiv2020

Byzantine-Fault-Tolerant Consensus via Reinforcement Learning for Permissioned Blockchain Implemented in a V2X Network

Blockchain has been forming the central piece of various types of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network for trusted data exchange. Recently, permissioned blockchains garner particular attention thanks to their improved scalability and diverse needs from different organizations. One representative example of permissioned blockchain is Hyperledger Fabric ("Fabric"). Due to its unique execute-order procedure, there is a critical need for a client to select an optimal number of peers. The interesting problem that this paper targets to address is the tradeoff in the number of peers: a too large number will degrade scalability while a too small number will make the network vulnerable to faulty nodes. This optimization issue gets especially challenging in V2X networks due to mobility of nodes: a transaction must be executed and the associated block must be committed before the vehicle leaves a network. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal peers selection mechanism based on reinforcement learning (RL) to keep a Fabric-empowered V2X network impervious to dynamicity due to mobility. We model the RL as a contextual multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem. The results demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed scheme.

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