ISTQB Certifications Under the Lens: Their Contributions to the Software-Testing Profession; and AI-assisted Synthesis of Practitioners' Endorsements and Criticisms
Context: The International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) certification dominates global software testing practice, with 1.2+ million certifications issued across 130+ countries. Yet it remains contested: practitioners value it for career advancement and shared terminology, while others criticize it as overly theoretical and somewhat disconnected from real-world testing practices. Objective: This study investigates the perceived value and critique of ISTQB certifications, the most widely recognized testing qualifications worldwide. Method: We conducted an AI-assisted Multivocal Literature Review (MLR), combining academic and grey literature to synthesize practitioner endorsements (RQ1) and criticisms (RQ2). ChatGPT's deep research capability was employed under continuous human oversight, with QA strategies ensuring transparency and reliability. As another analysis, we asked a panel of four independent experts to evaluate the precision of endorsements and fairness of criticisms. Results: Practitioner endorsements emphasized career benefits, improved communication, and a shared vocabulary as the main values of ISTQB certifications. Criticisms focused on excessive theoretical content, limited relevance in agile and automation-intensive contexts, and weak support for real testing skills. Expert review confirmed that while many endorsements were precise, several criticisms reflected broader tensions in the discipline, including contrasting schools of thought in testing practice. Conclusions: ISTQB certifications provide recognizable career and communication value but remain contested in terms of practical utility. By triangulating practitioner voices with expert validation, this study delivers an evidence-based reflection on the strengths and weaknesses of ISTQB in shaping the software testing body of knowledge.