arXiv subjects

ShaSha Li

Publications and source records attributed to ShaSha Li.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping Project: Scientific Overview and Sample Characteristics

Recent discoveries with the James Webb Space Telescope of massive black holes at high redshift have highlighted fundamental questions about black hole seed formation and the coevolution of black holes with their host galaxies. Because the initial seed population cannot yet be observed directly, nearby intermediate-mass black holes provide a complementary fossil record of black hole formation and early growth. Motivated by this opportunity, we present the Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping (IMBH-RM) project and construct a homogeneous Sloan Digital Sky Survey sample of active broad-line IMBHs by uniformly reanalyzing literature candidates with consistent spectral decomposition and black hole mass estimation. Our sample contains 192 reliable IMBH candidates at $z\lesssim0.3$ with $\log(M_{\rm BH}/M_\odot)<6$, including four particularly compelling sources with $\log(M_{\rm BH}/M_\odot)<5$. The primary goal of IMBH-RM is to obtain reliable black hole masses from direct measurements and characteristic sizes of the broad-line region and accretion disk for a carefully selected subsample. These measurements will provide robust low-mass anchors for calibrating single-epoch black hole mass estimates and extending black hole--galaxy scaling relations into the IMBH regime. By building a statistically meaningful reverberation-mapped sample spanning $10^4-10^6\,M_\odot$, we aim to constrain the local IMBH mass distribution and place observational constraints on competing black hole seed formation scenarios. The future Multi-Channel Imager aboard the Chinese Space-station Survey Telescope provides a particularly promising platform for achieving these goals.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

The Intermediate-Mass Black Hole Reverberation Mapping Project: First Detection of Mid-Infrared Lags in Prototypical IMBHs in NGC 4395 and POX 52

The search for robust evidence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) is crucial for understanding black hole seeding process and the formation of supermassive black holes in the early Universe. NGC 4395 and POX 52 are two prototypical IMBH hosts, both exhibiting multi-line evidence of low-mass black hole activity. Here, we report the first detection of mid-infrared (MIR) lags in response to optical variability, with measurements of $3.0^{+2.4}_{-1.9}$ days for NGC 4395 and $35.2^{+14.2}_{-11.7}$ days for POX~52 at $3.4$ $\mu$m, respectively, using archival optical data and observations from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). This detection provides the first reverberation evidence of low-mass black hole activity in POX 52. The time lags of these two low-mass, low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) generally follow the extent of the $R_{\rm dust}-L_{\rm 5100}$ relation found in higher-mass AGNs. Based on an empirical relation between the broad-line region and dusty torus size, we constrain the black hole mass of POX 52 to log($M_{\rm BH}$/$M_\odot$) = 5.5 $\pm$ 0.37 (systemic and statistical errors), confirming its IMBH nature. Furthermore, long-term optical continuum monitoring of POX 52 reveals a mild inter-band lag of $\lesssim$ 1 day. However, no significant intranight variability was detected during its one-night, high-cadence monitoring, which we attribute to the longer duty cycle of fast variability in POX 52 compared to that in NGC 4395.

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arXiv2024

Optical Continuum Reverberation Mapping of a Candidate IMBH in a Nearby Seyfert 1 Galaxy

To investigate the short-term variability and determine the size of the optical continuum emitting region of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), we carried out high-cadence, multiband photometric monitoring of a Seyfert 1 galaxy J0249-0815 across two nights, together with a one-night single-band preliminary test. The presence of the broad Ha component in our target was confirmed by recent Paloma spectroscopic observations, 23 years after the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, ruling out the supernovae origin of the broad Ha line. The photometric experiment was primarily conducted utilizing four-channel imagers MuSCAT 3 and 4 mounted on 2 m telescopes within the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network. Despite the expectation of variability, we observed no significant variation (<1.4%) on timescales of 6 to 10 hr. This nondetection is likely due to substantial host galaxy light diluting the subtle active galactic nucleus (AGN) variability. Additionally, we cannot rule out that the target was in a relatively quiescent state without intranight variability during our monitoring, owing to the stochastic nature of AGN variations. To enhance the possibility of detecting subtle variability signals and lag in future IMBH reverberation campaigns, it may be beneficial to select targets with a higher AGN-to-host flux ratio, and conduct dual-band preliminary tests and tailored simulations.

astro-ph.GA↗