arXiv subjects

Sheldon Dantas

Publications and source records attributed to Sheldon Dantas.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On operators whose adjoints or second adjoints attain their norms

A long-standing open problem asks whether there exists an infinite-dimensional Banach space on which every bounded linear operator attains its norm. With $\mathrm{NA}_1(X,Y)$ and $\mathrm{NA}_2(X,Y)$ denoting the classes of operators whose adjoints and second adjoints, respectively, attain their norms, we prove that \[ \mathrm{NA}_2(c_0,c_0)=\mathcal{L}(c_0,c_0) \qquad\text{and}\qquad \mathrm{NA}_2(\ell_1,\ell_1)=\mathcal{L}(\ell_1,\ell_1), \] providing, to the best of our knowledge, the first known infinite-dimensional spaces on which every operator has a norm-attaining second adjoint. Building on the result for $c_0$, we undertake a systematic study of this equality within a natural family of $\ell_1$-preduals given by hyperplanes of $c$, obtaining a complete characterization in this setting. In particular, we prove that \[ \mathrm{NA}_2(c,c)\neq \mathcal{L}(c,c), \qquad\text{whereas}\qquad \mathrm{NA}_3(c,c)=\mathcal{L}(c,c). \] We also establish Holub--Mujica-type theorems for the classes $\mathrm{NA}_1$ and $\mathrm{NA}_2$. More precisely, under suitable separability and approximation property assumptions, the identity $\mathcal L(X,Y)=\mathrm{NA}_1(X,Y)$ forces every operator from $X$ into $Y$ to be compact, whereas $\mathcal L(X,Y)=\mathrm{NA}_2(X,Y)$ forces every weakly compact operator from $X$ into $Y$ to be compact. Finally, strengthening a construction of Ostrovskii, we show that every infinite-dimensional Banach space admits an equivalent norm and a projection whose second adjoint does not attain its norm.

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arXiv2026

On Exposed (Symmetric) Tensors

We provide an example of a projective tensor product whose unit ball contains an exposed tensor which is not elementary. We then transfer the construction to the symmetric projective tensor product and obtain an analogous result in that setting. Finally, we extend both constructions to projective tensor products with an arbitrary number of factors and to symmetric projective tensor products of every degree.

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arXiv2026

Concentration theorems for $2$-homogeneous polynomials and bilinear forms with applications to the Kadec-Klee properties

We study Kadec-Klee properties in spaces of homogeneous polynomials and multilinear forms by presenting optimal results. Indeed, our main tool is a family of concentration theorems showing that, on suitable $p$-convex Banach sequence lattices, a $2$-homogeneous polynomial or a bilinear form which almost attains its norm at finitely supported vectors is uniformly close to its restriction to the corresponding finite set of coordinates. As a consequence, we obtain the weak-star uniform Kadec-Klee property for spaces of complex $2$-homogeneous polynomials and complex bilinear forms on $p$-convex Banach sequence lattices with constant one for some $p>2$. This applies, in particular, to $c_0$, $\ell_p$, Lorentz spaces $d(w,p)$, Garling spaces $g(w,p)$, among others. In the real setting, a concentration argument based on the modulus of convexity of power type yields further positive results for spaces of operators and bilinear forms, extending previous results in the literature. We also prove that the restriction $p>2$ is optimal for $2$-homogeneous polynomials on $\ell_p$, $d(w,p)$ and $g(w,p)$, and establish general failures of the sequential weak-star Kadec-Klee property for real homogeneous polynomials of degree at least two and for complex homogeneous polynomials and symmetric multilinear forms of degree at least three. These results show that our positive results are optimal respect to the degree and that the assumption $p>2$ is optimal for the classical spaces $\ell_p$, $d(w,p)$ and $g(w,p)$. As a consequence of our results, we establish the strong subdifferentiability of the associated projective and symmetric projective tensor norms.

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arXiv2026

On the Bollob\'as theorem for complex $C(K)$-spaces

Let $K$ and $S$ be compact Hausdorff spaces. We prove a Bollob\'as-type theorem for operators between complex spaces of continuous functions. More precisely, every operator that almost attains its norm at an initial function can be approximated by a norm-attaining operator whose norm-attaining function remains close to the original one. Our proof combines the iterative method developed previously in the real case with the recent construction for complex measures. In particular, our result provides a quantitative strengthening of the complex version of the Johnson-Wolfe density theorem. As a byproduct of our construction, the same conclusion can be obtained when considering only compact operators.

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arXiv2026

A group action approach to the Daugavet property

We introduce the $G$-Daugavet property ($G$-DPr, for short) for Banach spaces endowed with an action of a group $G$ by surjective linear isometries. This notion provides a common framework for the classical Daugavet property and the alternative Daugavet property, which correspond respectively to the trivial action and to the scalar action of $S_{\mathbb{K}}$. We establish several characterizations of the $G$-DPr in terms of $G$-slices and closed convex $G$-invariant hulls, recovering the usual slice descriptions of the DPr and the aDPr as particular cases. We show that the presence of a group action leads to new behavior in Daugavet theory. In particular, the $G$-DPr may hold on classical reflexive spaces in sharp contrast with the classical Daugavet property. We relate this phenomenon to convex transitivity, almost transitivity and finite-dimensional rotation problems. We also prove group-action versions of the classical characterizations for $L^1(\mu, X)$- and $C(K,X)$-spaces. The paper also studies group separable determination, $G$-versions of numerical radius and numerical index, and connections between the $G$-DPr and strong Radon-Nikod\'ym and SCD operators. Finally, we introduce a parameter which measures how far the $G$-DPr is from the classical DPr in a quantitative manner. As a consequence of these results, we obtain conditions under which the $G$-DPr recovers several classical implications, including the failure of the RNP for both $X$ and $X^*$, the presence of copies of $\ell_1$ and the failure of the unit ball to be an SCD set.

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arXiv2026

Integral representations of projective norm-attaining tensors

We introduce a Bochner integral approach to projective norm attainment in tensor products of Banach spaces by defining the class of integral projective norm-attaining tensors. This framework provides a broader, measure-theoretic approach to the study of projective norm attainment in tensor products of Banach spaces. We show that every integral norm-attaining tensor can be approximated in norm by norm-attaining tensors with finite representations. As a consequence, the Bishop-Phelps type density problem for classical norm-attaining tensors is equivalent to the corresponding density problem for integral norm-attaining tensors. Moreover, we prove that if an integral projective norm-attaining tensor represented by a Radon measure is an extreme point, then it must be an elementary tensor. We further investigate weaker topological versions of integral norm-attainment, including weak and weak$^*$ integral representations, providing sufficient conditions for the existence of Bochner representations. Finally, we extend known constructions of projective tensor products containing non-norm-attaining tensors to the integral setting. We show, for instance, that $L_1\widehat{\otimes}_\pi L_p$ and the real $c_0\widehat{\otimes}_\pi L_p$ contain non-norm-attaining tensors for $1<p<\infty$.

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arXiv2025

Group equivariant Radon-Nikod\'ym property and its characterizations

We introduce and study equivariant versions of the Radon-Nikod\'ym property for Banach spaces, together with the closely related notions such as dentability, the Bishop-Phelps and Krein-Milman properties, and Lindenstrauss' property A, all considered in the presence of a continuous group action by linear isometries. While in the classical setting the Radon-Nikod\'ym property, the Bishop-Phelps property and dentability are equivalent, the equivariant situation turns out to depend essentially on the acting group and requires non-trivial tools from abstract harmonic analysis and representation theory. We establish several implications among the equivariant counterparts of these properties. Namely, given a compact group $G$, the $G$-Bishop-Phelps property implies strong $G$-dentability, which in turn implies the $G$-Krein-Milman property and the classical Bishop-Phelps property, for any $G$-Banach space. Moreover, given a locally compact and second countable group $G$, the $G$-Radon-Nikod\'ym property is equivalent to the classical Radon-Nikod\'ym property, for any $G$-Banach space.

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arXiv2025

The Daugavet property is equivalent to the polynomial Daugavet property

In this note, we prove that the Daugavet property implies the polynomial Daugavet property, solving a longstanding open problem in the field. Our approach is based on showing that a geometric characterization of the Daugavet property due to Shvidkoy, originally formulated in terms of the weak topology, remains valid when the weak topology is replaced by the weak polynomial topology. Using similar techniques, we further establish that every linear Daugavet center is also a polynomial Daugavet center, and that the weak operator Daugavet property implies its polynomial counterpart. As an application of the latter result, we present new examples of Banach spaces whose $N$-fold symmetric tensor products satisfy the Daugavet property.

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arXiv2024

Twisted Hilbert spaces defined by bi-Lipschitz maps

We obtain an infinite-dimensional cone of singular twisted Hilbert spaces $Z(\varphi)$ which are isomorphic to their duals but not to their conjugate duals. We do that by showing that the subset of all bi-Lipschitz maps from $[0, \infty)$ to $\mathbb{R}$ is coneable. We also provide a characterization of the Kalton-Peck space among all twisted Hilbert spaces of the form $Z(\varphi)$, which gives a partial answer to a conjecture of F. Cabello S\'anchez and J. Castillo.

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arXiv2024

On the strongly subdifferentiable points in Lipschitz-free spaces

In this paper, we present some sufficient conditions on a metric space $M$ for which every molecule is a strongly subdifferentiable (SSD, for short) point in the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal{F}(M)$ over $M$. Our main result reads as follows: if $(M,d)$ is a metric space and $\gamma > 0$, then there exists a (not necessarily equivalent) metric $d_{\gamma}$ in $M$ such that every finitely supported element in $\mathcal{F}(M, d_{\gamma})$ is an SSD point. As an application of the main result, it follows that if $M$ is uniformly discrete and $\varepsilon > 0$ is given, there exists a metric space $N$ and a $(1+\varepsilon)$-bi-Lipschitz map $\phi: M \rightarrow N$ such that the set of all SSD points in $\mathcal{F}(N)$ is dense.

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arXiv2024

Searching for linear structures in the failure of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem

We investigate the failure of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem focusing on the existence of large dimensional vector spaces within the set $\mathcal{C}(L, \mathbb{K}) \setminus \overline{\mathcal{A}}$, where $L$ is a compact Hausdorff space and $\mathcal{A}$ is a self-adjoint subalgebra of $\mathcal{C}(L, \mathbb{K})$ that vanishes nowhere on $L$ but does not necessarily separate the points of $L$. We address the problem of finding the precise codimension of $\overline{\mathcal{A}}$ in a broad setting, which allows us to describe the lineability of $\mathcal{C}(L, \mathbb{K}) \setminus \overline{\mathcal{A}}$ in detail. Our analysis yields both affirmative and negative results regarding the lineability of this set. Furthermore, we also study the set $(\mathcal{C}(\partial{D}, \mathbb{C}) \setminus \overline{\text{Pol}(\partial{D})}) \cup \{0\}$, where $\text{Pol}(\partial{D})$ is the set of all complex polynomials in one variable restricted to the boundary of the unit disk. Recent lineability properties are also taken into account.

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arXiv2024

Algebraic genericity of certain families of nets in Functional Analysis

In Functional Analysis, certain conclusions apply to sequences, but they cannot be carried over when we consider nets. In fact, some nets, including sequences, can behave unexpectedly. In this paper we are interested in exploring the prevalence of these unusual nets in terms of linearity. Each problem is approached with different methods, which have their own interest. As our results are presented in the contexts of topological vector spaces and normed spaces, they generalize or improve a few ones in the literature. We study lineability properties of families of (1) nets that are weakly convergent and unbounded, (2) nets that fail the Banach-Steinhaus theorem, (3) nets indexed by a regular cardinal $\kappa$ that are weakly dense and norm-unbounded, and finally (4) convergent series which have associated nets that are divergent.

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arXiv2023

Linear structures in the set of non-norm-attaining operators on Banach spaces

We study large linear structures inside sets arising in the theory of norm-attaining operators. We provide several results in the context of lineability, spaceability, maximal-spaceability, and $(\alpha, \beta)$-spaceability for sets of non-norm-attaining bounded linear operators whenever such sets are nonempty. To be more specific, we show that if $Y$ is a strictly convex renorming of $c_0 (\Gamma)$, then the set $$ \mathcal{L}(c_0 (\Gamma),Y)\setminus \overline{\text{NA} (c_0 (\Gamma),Y)} $$ is $2^{|\Gamma|}$-spaceable. We also prove that $$ \mathcal{L}(d_* (w,1) ,\ell_p )\setminus \overline{\text{NA} (d_* (w,1),\ell_p )} $$ is maximal-spaceable. Finally, we establish that whenever the set of non-norm-attaining operators from a Banach space $X$ into $\ell_p (\Gamma)$ (respectively, $c_0 (\Gamma)$) is nonempty, it contains a subspace linearly isometric to $\ell_p(\Gamma)$ (respectively, $c_0 (\Gamma)$). These results extend and complement several known results in the literature concerning large linear structures in sets of non-norm-attaining operators. Our results are obtained in a more general framework involving group-invariant operators, which allows us to treat classical spaces of operators as special cases.

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arXiv2022

On the strong subdifferentiability of the homogeneous polynomials and (symmetric) tensor products

In this paper, we study the (uniform) strong subdifferentiability of the norms of the Banach spaces $\mathcal{P}(^N X, Y^*)$, $X \hat{\otimes}_\pi \cdots \hat{\otimes}_\pi X$ and $\hat{\otimes}_{\pi_s,N} X$. Among other results, we characterize when the norms of the spaces $\mathcal{P}(^N \ell_p, \ell_{q}), \mathcal{P}(^N l_{M_1}, l_{M_2})$, and $\mathcal{P}(^N d(w,p), l_{M_2})$ are strongly subdifferentiable. Analogous results for multilinear mappings are also obtained. Since strong subdifferentiability of a dual space implies reflexivity, we improve some known results on the reflexivity of spaces of $N$-homogeneous polynomials and $N$-linear mappings. Concerning the projective (symmetric) tensor norms, we provide positive results on the subsets $U$ and $U_s$ of elementary tensors on the unit spheres of $X \hat{\otimes}_\pi \cdots \hat{\otimes}_\pi X$ and $\hat{\otimes}_{\pi_s,N} X$, respectively. Specifically, we prove that $\hat{\otimes}_{\pi_s,N} \ell_2$ and $\ell_2 \hat{\otimes}_\pi \cdots \hat{\otimes}_\pi \ell_2$ are uniformly strongly subdifferentiable on $U_s$ and $U$, respectively, and that $c_0 \hat{\otimes}_{\pi_s} c_0$ and $c_0 \hat{\otimes}_\pi c_0$ are strongly subdifferentiable on $U_s$ and $U$, respectively, in the complex case.

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arXiv2022

On isometric embeddings into the set of strongly norm-attaining Lipschitz functions

In this paper, we provide an infinite metric space $M$ such that the set $\mbox{SNA}(M)$ of strongly norm-attaining Lipschitz functions does not contain a subspace which is isometric to $c_0$. This answers a question posed by Antonio Avil\'es, Gonzalo Mart\'inez Cervantes, Abraham Rueda Zoca, and Pedro Tradacete. On the other hand, we prove that $\mbox{SNA}(M)$ contains an isometric copy of $c_0$ whenever $M$ is a metric space which is not uniformly discrete. In particular, the latter holds true for infinite compact metric spaces while it does not for proper metric spaces. Some positive results in the non-separable setting are also given.

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arXiv2022

On holomorphic functions attaining their weighted norms

We study holomorphic functions attaining weighted norms and its connections with the classical theory of norm attaining holomorphic functions. We prove that there are polynomials on $\ell_p$ which attain their weighted but not their supremum norm and viceversa. Nevertheless, we also prove that in the context of polynomials of fixed degree both norms are in fact equivalent. This leads us to the main problem of the paper, namely, whether the holomorphic functions attaining their weighted norm are dense. Although we exhibit an example where this does not hold, as the main theorem of our paper, we prove the denseness provided the domain space is uniformly convex. In fact, we provide a Bollob\'as type theorem in this setting. For the proof of such a result we develop a new geometric technique.

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arXiv2022

Smooth norms in dense subspaces of $\ell_p(\Gamma)$ and operator ranges

For $1\leq p<\infty$, we prove that the dense subspace $\mathcal{Y}_p$ of $\ell_p(\Gamma)$ comprising all elements $y$ such that $y \in \ell_q(\Gamma)$ for some $q \in (0,p)$ admits a $C^{\infty}$-smooth norm which locally depends on finitely many coordinates. Moreover, such a norm can be chosen as to approximate the $\left\Vert\cdot \right\Vert_p $-norm. This provides examples of dense subspaces of $\ell_p(\Gamma)$ with a smooth norm which have the maximal possible linear dimension and are not obtained as the linear span of a biorthogonal system. Moreover, when $p>1$ or $\Gamma$ is countable, such subspaces additionally contain dense operator ranges; on the other hand, no non-separable operator range in $\ell_1(\Gamma)$ admits a $C^1$-smooth norm.

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arXiv2022

Smooth and polyhedral norms via fundamental biorthogonal systems

Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a Banach space with a fundamental biorthogonal system and let $\mathcal{Y}$ be the dense subspace spanned by the vectors of the system. We prove that $\mathcal{Y}$ admits a $C^\infty$-smooth norm that locally depends on finitely many coordinates (LFC, for short), as well as a polyhedral norm that locally depends on finitely many coordinates. As a consequence, we also prove that $\mathcal{Y}$ admits locally finite, $\sigma$-uniformly discrete $C^\infty$-smooth and LFC partitions of unity and a $C^1$-smooth LUR norm. This theorem substantially generalises several results present in the literature and gives a complete picture concerning smoothness in such dense subspaces. Our result covers, for instance, every WLD Banach space (hence, all reflexive ones), $L_1(\mu)$ for every measure $\mu$, $\ell_\infty(\Gamma)$ spaces for every set $\Gamma$, $C(K)$ spaces where $K$ is a Valdivia compactum or a compact Abelian group, duals of Asplund spaces, or preduals of Von Neumann algebras. Additionally, under Martin Maximum {\sf MM}, all Banach spaces of density $\omega_1$ are covered by our result.

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