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Sheri J. Hartman

Publications and source records attributed to Sheri J. Hartman.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Sedentary Behavior Classification for Wearable Sensors with a CNN-BiLSTM Model

Accurate detection of sedentary behavior is important for studying health risks related to prolonged sitting, but posture-based classification remains challenging with wearable sensors, especially at the wrist. We study whether a deep learning model trained on hip-worn accelerometer data can transfer to wrist-worn accelerometer data for sitting versus non-sitting classification. We use CHAP, a CNN-BiLSTM model originally developed for hip accelerometers, and evaluate its zero-shot performance on wrist data as well as its adaptation through finetuning with varying amounts of labeled wrist data. Experiments are conducted on the iWatch dataset with ground-truth posture labels derived from wearable cameras. The hip-trained model performs strongly on hip data without retraining, but accuracy drops on wrist data due to sensor placement shift. Finetuning CHAP provides consistent advantages over transformer models trained from scratch. These findings suggest that hip-based pretraining provides a useful starting point for wrist deployment, while highlighting the need for wrist-specific adaptation to handle higher signal variability.

cs.LG

Modeling Physical Activity Change as Smooth Transformations: Temporal and Amplitude Patterns Associated with Physical Function in Older Women

Purpose: To investigate whether longitudinal changes in timing and magnitude of PA are associated with physical function (PF) in older women. Methods: Women from OPACH study with accelerometry at baseline and WHISH study W1 and W2 were included. Minute-level PA counts were averaged and smoothed as diurnal PA curves. Consecutive-visit change was modeled within periods (baseline--W1 and W1--W2) as a Riemannian deformation from earlier to later curves, with two-dimensional initial momenta characterizing timing and magnitude shifts. Multivariate functional principal component analysis (MFPCA) summarized coupled timing-magnitude patterns, and principal component (PC) scores and deformation energy were derived for each participant-period. Linear mixed-effects models related these features to RAND-36 PF, adjusting for baseline PF and covariates. Results: Mean PA deformation in both periods showed downward shifts in PA magnitude and temporal redistribution after 10:00. Top 15 PCs explained at least 90% of variability in both periods. PC1 captured diurnal PA increase/decrease, explaining 22.4% of variability for baseline--W1 and 20.8% for W1--W2. Among participants with complete PF scores and baseline covariates (N=1,157), higher PC1 scores, reflecting relative increase/maintenance of PA across day, were positively associated with PF (P<0.0001). Deformation energy, a metric for overall diurnal pattern change between visits, showed a significant interaction with period for PF (P=0.003), with a larger positive association during W1--W2 than during baseline--W1. Conclusions: In older women, longitudinal changes in diurnal PA accumulation were associated with PF. Riemannian deformation analysis identified clinically interpretable markers of PA pattern change that may capture functional-aging information not represented by conventional PA summaries.

stat.AP

A Riemann Manifold Model Framework for Longitudinal Changes in Physical Activity Patterns

Physical activity (PA) is significantly associated with many health outcomes. The wide usage of wearable accelerometer-based activity trackers in recent years has provided a unique opportunity for in-depth research on PA and its relations with health outcomes and interventions. Past analysis of activity tracker data relies heavily on aggregating minute-level PA records into day-level summary statistics, in which important information of PA temporal/diurnal patterns is lost. In this paper we propose a novel functional data analysis approach based on Riemann manifolds for modeling PA and its longitudinal changes. We model smoothed minute-level PA of a day as one-dimensional Riemann manifolds and longitudinal changes in PA in different visits as deformations between manifolds. The variability in changes of PA among a cohort of subjects is characterized via variability in the deformation. Functional principal component analysis is further adopted to model the deformations and PC scores are used as a proxy in modeling the relation between changes in PA and health outcomes and/or interventions. We conduct comprehensive analyses on data from two clinical trials: Reach for Health (RfH) and Metabolism, Exercise and Nutrition at UCSD (MENU), focusing on the effect of interventions on longitudinal changes in PA patterns and how different modes of changes in PA influence weight loss, respectively. The proposed approach reveals unique modes of changes including overall enhanced PA, boosted morning PA, and shifts of active hours specific to each study cohort. The results bring new insights into the study of longitudinal changes in PA and health and have the potential to facilitate designing of effective health interventions and guidelines.

stat.AP

Sedentary Behavior Estimation with Hip-worn Accelerometer Data: Segmentation, Classification and Thresholding

Cohort studies are increasingly using accelerometers for physical activity and sedentary behavior estimation. These devices tend to be less error-prone than self-report, can capture activity throughout the day, and are economical. However, previous methods for estimating sedentary behavior based on hip-worn data are often invalid or suboptimal under free-living situations and subject-to-subject variation. In this paper, we propose a local Markov switching model that takes this situation into account, and introduce a general procedure for posture classification and sedentary behavior analysis that fits the model naturally. Our method features changepoint detection methods in time series and also a two stage classification step that labels data into 3 classes(sitting, standing, stepping). Through a rigorous training-testing paradigm, we showed that our approach achieves > 80% accuracy. In addition, our method is robust and easy to interpret.

cs.LG