arXiv subjects

Shi Qiu

Publications and source records attributed to Shi Qiu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2026

MINOS: A Multimodal Evaluation Model for Bidirectional Generation Between Image and Text

Evaluation is important for multimodal generation tasks, while traditional multimodal evaluation metrics suffer from several limitations. With the rapid progress of MLLMs, there is growing interest in applying MLLMs to build general evaluation systems. However, existing researches often simply collect large-scale evaluation data for training, while overlooking the quality of evaluation data. What's more, current proposed evaluation models often struggle to achieve consistently strong performance across both image-to-text (I2T) and text-to-image (T2I) tasks. In this paper, through rigorous quality control strategies, we construct a comprehensive multimodal evaluation dataset, Minos-57K, with evaluation samples across 15 datasets, for developing the multimodal evaluation model Minos with SFT and preference alignment training strategies. Notably, despite using less than half the scale of the training data of prior work, our model achieves state-of-the-art evaluation performance across 16 out-of-domain datasets covering both I2T and T2I tasks among all open-source multimodal evaluation models and remain competitive with closed-source models. Extensive experiments demonstrate the importance of leveraging quality control process, jointly training on evaluation data from both I2T and T2I generation tasks and further preference alignment.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Omni-SimpleMem: Autoresearch-Guided Discovery of Lifelong Multimodal Agent Memory

AI agents increasingly operate over extended time horizons, yet their ability to retain, organize, and recall multimodal experiences remains a critical bottleneck. Building effective lifelong memory requires navigating a vast design space spanning architecture, retrieval strategies, prompt engineering, and data pipelines; this space is too large and interconnected for manual exploration or traditional AutoML to explore effectively. We deploy an autonomous research pipeline to discover Omni-SimpleMem, a unified multimodal memory framework for lifelong AI agents. Starting from a naïve baseline (F1=0.117 on LoCoMo), the pipeline autonomously executes ${\sim}50$ experiments across two benchmarks, diagnosing failure modes, proposing architectural modifications, and repairing data pipeline bugs, all without human intervention in the inner loop. The resulting system achieves state-of-the-art on both benchmarks, improving F1 by +411% on LoCoMo (0.117$\to$0.598) and +214% on Mem-Gallery (0.254$\to$0.797) relative to the initial configurations. Critically, the most impactful discoveries are not hyperparameter adjustments: bug fixes (+175%), architectural changes (+44%), and prompt engineering (+188% on specific categories) each individually exceed the cumulative contribution of all hyperparameter tuning, demonstrating capabilities fundamentally beyond the reach of traditional AutoML. We provide a taxonomy of six discovery types and identify four properties that make multimodal memory particularly suited for autoresearch, offering guidance for applying autonomous research pipelines to other AI system domains. Code is available at this https://github.com/aiming-lab/SimpleMem.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

PRBench: End-to-end Paper Reproduction in Physics Research

AI agents powered by large language models exhibit strong reasoning and problem-solving capabilities, enabling them to assist scientific research tasks such as formula derivation and code generation. However, whether these agents can reliably perform end-to-end reproduction from real scientific papers remains an open question. We introduce PRBench, a benchmark of 30 expert-curated tasks spanning 11 subfields of physics. Each task requires an agent to comprehend the methodology of a published paper, implement the corresponding algorithms from scratch, and produce quantitative results matching the original publication. Agents are provided only with the task instruction and paper content, and operate in a sandboxed execution environment. All tasks are contributed by domain experts from over 20 research groups at the School of Physics, Peking University, each grounded in a real published paper and validated through end-to-end reproduction with verified ground-truth results and detailed scoring rubrics. Using an agentified assessment pipeline, we evaluate a set of coding agents on PRBench and analyze their capabilities across key dimensions of scientific reasoning and execution. The best-performing agent, OpenAI Codex powered by GPT-5.3-Codex, achieves a mean overall score of 34%. All agents exhibit a zero end-to-end callback success rate, with particularly poor performance in data accuracy and code correctness. We further identify systematic failure modes, including errors in formula implementation, inability to debug numerical simulations, and fabrication of output data. Overall, PRBench provides a rigorous benchmark for evaluating progress toward autonomous scientific research.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

MetaClaw: Just Talk -- An Agent That Meta-Learns and Evolves in the Wild

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly used for complex tasks, yet deployed agents often remain static, failing to adapt as user needs evolve. This creates a tension between the need for continuous service and the necessity of updating capabilities to match shifting task distributions. On platforms like OpenClaw, which handle diverse workloads across 20+ channels, existing methods either store raw trajectories without distilling knowledge, maintain static skill libraries, or require disruptive downtime for retraining. We present MetaClaw, a continual meta-learning framework that jointly evolves a base LLM policy and a library of reusable behavioral skills. MetaClaw employs two complementary mechanisms. Skill-driven fast adaptation analyzes failure trajectories via an LLM evolver to synthesize new skills, enabling immediate improvement with zero downtime. Opportunistic policy optimization performs gradient-based updates via cloud LoRA fine-tuning and Reinforcement Learning with a Process Reward Model (RL-PRM). This is triggered during user-inactive windows by the Opportunistic Meta-Learning Scheduler (OMLS), which monitors system inactivity and calendar data. These mechanisms are mutually reinforcing: a refined policy generates better trajectories for skill synthesis, while richer skills provide higher-quality data for policy optimization. To prevent data contamination, a versioning mechanism separates support and query data. Built on a proxy-based architecture, MetaClaw scales to production-size LLMs without local GPUs. Experiments on MetaClaw-Bench and AutoResearchClaw show that skill-driven adaptation improves accuracy by up to 32% relative. The full pipeline advances Kimi-K2.5 accuracy from 21.4% to 40.6% and increases composite robustness by 18.3%. Code is available at https://github.com/aiming-lab/MetaClaw.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

An End-to-end Architecture for Collider Physics and Beyond

We present, to our knowledge, the first language-driven agent system capable of executing end-to-end collider phenomenology tasks, instantiated within a decoupled, domain-agnostic architecture for autonomous High-Energy Physics phenomenology. Guided only by natural-language prompts supplemented with standard physics notation, ColliderAgent carries out workflows from a theoretical Lagrangian to final phenomenological outputs without relying on package-specific code. In this framework, a hierarchical multi-agent reasoning layer is coupled to Magnus, a unified execution backend for phenomenological calculations and simulation toolchains. We validate the system on representative literature reproductions spanning leptoquark and axion-like-particle scenarios, higher-dimensional effective operators, parton-level and detector-level analyses, and large-scale parameter scans leading to exclusion limits. These results point to a route toward more automated, scalable, and reproducible research in collider physics, cosmology, and physics more broadly.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

The Attack and Defense Landscape of Agentic AI: A Comprehensive Survey

AI agents that combine large language models with non-AI system components are rapidly emerging in real-world applications, offering unprecedented automation and flexibility. However, this unprecedented flexibility introduces complex security challenges fundamentally different from those in traditional software systems. This paper presents the first systematic and comprehensive survey of AI agent security, including an analysis of the design space, attack landscape, and defense mechanisms for secure AI agent systems. We further conduct case studies to point out existing gaps in securing agentic AI systems and identify open challenges in this emerging domain. Our work also introduces the first systematic framework for understanding the security risks and defense strategies of AI agents, serving as a foundation for building both secure agentic systems and advancing research in this critical area.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2026

AdaptOVCD: Training-Free Open-Vocabulary Remote Sensing Change Detection via Adaptive Information Fusion

Remote sensing change detection plays a pivotal role in domains such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster assessment. However, existing methods typically rely on predefined categories and large-scale pixel-level annotations, which limit their generalization and applicability in open-world scenarios. To address these limitations, this paper proposes AdaptOVCD, a training-free Open-Vocabulary Change Detection (OVCD) architecture based on dual-dimensional multi-level information fusion. The framework integrates multi-level information fusion across data, feature, and decision levels vertically while incorporating targeted adaptive designs horizontally, achieving deep synergy among heterogeneous pre-trained models to effectively mitigate error propagation. Specifically, (1) at the data level, Adaptive Radiometric Alignment (ARA) fuses radiometric statistics with original texture features and synergizes with SAM-HQ to achieve radiometrically consistent segmentation; (2) at the feature level, Adaptive Change Thresholding (ACT) combines global difference distributions with edge structure priors and leverages DINOv3 to achieve robust change detection; (3) at the decision level, Adaptive Confidence Filtering (ACF) integrates semantic confidence with spatial constraints and collaborates with DGTRS-CLIP to achieve high-confidence semantic identification. Comprehensive evaluations across nine scenarios demonstrate that AdaptOVCD detects arbitrary category changes in a zero-shot manner, significantly outperforming existing training-free methods. Meanwhile, it achieves 84.89\% of the fully-supervised performance upper bound in cross-dataset evaluations and exhibits superior generalization capabilities. The code is available at https://github.com/Dmygithub/AdaptOVCD.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

A Collaborative Extended Reality Prototype for 3D Surgical Planning and Visualization

We present a collaborative extended reality (XR) prototype for 3D surgical planning and visualization. Our system consists of three key modules: XR-based immersive surgical planning, cloud-based data management, and coordinated stereoscopic 3D displays for interactive visualization. We describe the overall workflow, core functionalities, implementations and setups. By conducting user studies on a liver resection surgical planning case, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our prototype and provide practical insights to inspire future advances in medical XR collaboration.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2026

ClipGS-VR: Immersive and Interactive Cinematic Visualization of Volumetric Medical Data in Mobile Virtual Reality

High-fidelity cinematic medical visualization on mobile virtual reality (VR) remains challenging. Although ClipGS enables cross-sectional exploration via 3D Gaussian Splatting, it lacks arbitrary-angle slicing on consumer-grade VR headsets. To achieve real-time interactive performance, we introduce ClipGS-VR and restructure ClipGS's neural inference into a consolidated dataset, integrating high-fidelity layers from multiple pre-computed slicing states into a unified rendering structure. Our framework further supports arbitrary-angle slicing via gradient-based opacity modulation for smooth, visually coherent rendering. Evaluations confirm our approach maintains visual fidelity comparable to offline results while offering superior usability and interaction efficiency.

cs.GR↗

arXiv2026

EgoHandICL: Egocentric 3D Hand Reconstruction with In-Context Learning

Robust 3D hand reconstruction in egocentric vision is challenging due to depth ambiguity, self-occlusion, and complex hand-object interactions. Prior methods mitigate these issues by scaling training data or adding auxiliary cues, but they often struggle in unseen contexts. We present EgoHandICL, the first in-context learning (ICL) framework for 3D hand reconstruction that improves semantic alignment, visual consistency, and robustness under challenging egocentric conditions. EgoHandICL introduces complementary exemplar retrieval guided by vision-language models (VLMs), an ICL-tailored tokenizer for multimodal context, and a masked autoencoder (MAE)-based architecture trained with hand-guided geometric and perceptual objectives. Experiments on ARCTIC and EgoExo4D show consistent gains over state-of-the-art methods. We also demonstrate real-world generalization and improve EgoVLM hand-object interaction reasoning by using reconstructed hands as visual prompts. Code and data: https://github.com/Nicous20/EgoHandICL

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Recursive Score and Hessian Computation in Regime-Switching Models

This study proposes a recursive and easy-to-implement algorithm to compute the score and Hessian matrix in general regime-switching models. We use simulation to compare the asymptotic variance estimates constructed from the Hessian matrix and the outer product of the score. The results favor the latter.

econ.EM↗

arXiv2025

How and Why LLMs Generalize: A Fine-Grained Analysis of LLM Reasoning from Cognitive Behaviors to Low-Level Patterns

Large Language Models (LLMs) display strikingly different generalization behaviors: supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often narrows capability, whereas reinforcement-learning (RL) tuning tends to preserve it. The reasons behind this divergence remain unclear, as prior studies have largely relied on coarse accuracy metrics. We address this gap by introducing a novel benchmark that decomposes reasoning into atomic core skills such as calculation, fact retrieval, simulation, enumeration, and diagnostic, providing a concrete framework for addressing the fundamental question of what constitutes reasoning in LLMs. By isolating and measuring these core skills, the benchmark offers a more granular view of how specific cognitive abilities emerge, transfer, and sometimes collapse during post-training. Combined with analyses of low-level statistical patterns such as distributional divergence and parameter statistics, it enables a fine-grained study of how generalization evolves under SFT and RL across mathematical, scientific reasoning, and non-reasoning tasks. Our meta-probing framework tracks model behavior at different training stages and reveals that RL-tuned models maintain more stable behavioral profiles and resist collapse in reasoning skills, whereas SFT models exhibit sharper drift and overfit to surface patterns. This work provides new insights into the nature of reasoning in LLMs and points toward principles for designing training strategies that foster broad, robust generalization.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2025

From cluster to nanocrystal: the continuous evolution and critical size of copper clusters revealed by machine learning

The evolution of cluster structure with size and the critical size for the transition from cluster to nanocrystal have long been fundamental problems in nanoscience. Due to limitations of experimental technology and computational methods, the exploration of the continuous evolution of clusters towards nanocrystal is still a big challenge. Here, we proposed a machine learning force field (MLFF) that can generalize well to various copper systems ranging from small clusters to large clusters and bulk. The continuous evolution of copper clusters CuN towards nanocrystal was revealed by investigating clusters in a wide size range (7 <= N <= 17885) based on MLFF simulated annealing. For small CuN (N < 40), electron counting rule plays a major role in stability. For large CuN (N > 80), geometric magic number rule plays a dominant role and the evolution of clusters is based on the formation of more and more icosahedral shells. For medium size CuN (40 <= N <= 80), both rules contribute. The critical size from cluster to nanocrystal was calculated to be around 8000 atoms (about 6 nm in diameter). Our work terminates the long-term challenge in nanoscience, and lay the methodological foundation for subsequent research on other cluster systems.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2025

COS3D: Collaborative Open-Vocabulary 3D Segmentation

Open-vocabulary 3D segmentation is a fundamental yet challenging task, requiring a mutual understanding of both segmentation and language. However, existing Gaussian-splatting-based methods rely either on a single 3D language field, leading to inferior segmentation, or on pre-computed class-agnostic segmentations, suffering from error accumulation. To address these limitations, we present COS3D, a new collaborative prompt-segmentation framework that contributes to effectively integrating complementary language and segmentation cues throughout its entire pipeline. We first introduce the new concept of collaborative field, comprising an instance field and a language field, as the cornerstone for collaboration. During training, to effectively construct the collaborative field, our key idea is to capture the intrinsic relationship between the instance field and language field, through a novel instance-to-language feature mapping and designing an efficient two-stage training strategy. During inference, to bridge distinct characteristics of the two fields, we further design an adaptive language-to-instance prompt refinement, promoting high-quality prompt-segmentation inference. Extensive experiments not only demonstrate COS3D's leading performance over existing methods on two widely-used benchmarks but also show its high potential to various applications,~\ie, novel image-based 3D segmentation, hierarchical segmentation, and robotics. The code is publicly available at \href{https://github.com/Runsong123/COS3D}{https://github.com/Runsong123/COS3D}.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Generative Multi-Sensory Meditation: Exploring Immersive Depth and Activation in Virtual Reality

Mindfulness meditation has seen increasing applications in diverse domains as an effective practice to improve mental health. However, the standardized frameworks adopted by most applications often fail to cater to users with various psychological states and health conditions. This limitation arises primarily from the lack of personalization and adaptive content design. To address this, we propose MindfulVerse, an AI-Generated Content (AIGC)-driven application to create personalized and immersive mindfulness experiences. By developing a novel agent, the system can dynamically adjust the meditation content based on the ideas of individual users. Furthermore, we conducted exploratory user studies and comparative evaluations to assess the application scenarios and performance of our novel generative meditation tool in VR environments. The results of this user study indicate that generative meditation improves neural activation in self-regulation and shows a positive impact on emotional regulation and participation. Our approach offers a generative meditation procedure that provides users with an application that better suits their preferences and states.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2025

Iterated Agent for Symbolic Regression

Symbolic regression (SR), the automated discovery of mathematical expressions from data, is a cornerstone of scientific inquiry. However, it is often hindered by the combinatorial explosion of the search space and a tendency to overfit. Popular methods, rooted in genetic programming, explore this space syntactically, often yielding overly complex, uninterpretable models. This paper introduces IdeaSearchFitter, a framework that employs Large Language Models (LLMs) as semantic operators within an evolutionary search. By generating candidate expressions guided by natural-language rationales, our method biases discovery towards models that are not only accurate but also conceptually coherent and interpretable. We demonstrate IdeaSearchFitter's efficacy across diverse challenges: it achieves competitive, noise-robust performance on the Feynman Symbolic Regression Database (FSReD), outperforming several strong baselines; discovers mechanistically aligned models with good accuracy-complexity trade-offs on real-world data; and derives compact, physically-motivated parametrizations for Parton Distribution Functions in a frontier high-energy physics application. IdeaSearchFitter is a specialized module within our broader iterated agent framework, IdeaSearch, which is publicly available at https://www.ideasearch.cn/.

physics.comp-ph↗

arXiv2025

Customized Retrieval-Augmented Generation with LLM for Debiasing Recommendation Unlearning

Modern recommender systems face a critical challenge in complying with privacy regulations like the 'right to be forgotten': removing a user's data without disrupting recommendations for others. Traditional unlearning methods address this by partial model updates, but introduce propagation bias--where unlearning one user's data distorts recommendations for behaviorally similar users, degrading system accuracy. While retraining eliminates bias, it is computationally prohibitive for large-scale systems. To address this challenge, we propose CRAGRU, a novel framework leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) for efficient, user-specific unlearning that mitigates bias while preserving recommendation quality. CRAGRU decouples unlearning into distinct retrieval and generation stages. In retrieval, we employ three tailored strategies designed to precisely isolate the target user's data influence, minimizing collateral impact on unrelated users and enhancing unlearning efficiency. Subsequently, the generation stage utilizes an LLM, augmented with user profiles integrated into prompts, to reconstruct accurate and personalized recommendations without needing to retrain the entire base model. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that CRAGRU effectively unlearns targeted user data, significantly mitigating unlearning bias by preventing adverse impacts on non-target users, while maintaining recommendation performance comparable to fully trained original models. Our work highlights the promise of RAG-based architectures for building robust and privacy-preserving recommender systems. The source code is available at: https://github.com/zhanghaichao520/LLM_rec_unlearning.

cs.IR↗

arXiv2025

Trade-offs in Image Generation: How Do Different Dimensions Interact?

Model performance in text-to-image (T2I) and image-to-image (I2I) generation often depends on multiple aspects, including quality, alignment, diversity, and robustness. However, models' complex trade-offs among these dimensions have rarely been explored due to (1) the lack of datasets that allow fine-grained quantification of these trade-offs, and (2) the use of a single metric for multiple dimensions. To bridge this gap, we introduce TRIG-Bench (Trade-offs in Image Generation), which spans 10 dimensions (Realism, Originality, Aesthetics, Content, Relation, Style, Knowledge, Ambiguity, Toxicity, and Bias), contains 40,200 samples, and covers 132 pairwise dimensional subsets. Furthermore, we develop TRIGScore, a VLM-as-judge metric that automatically adapts to various dimensions. Based on TRIG-Bench and TRIGScore, we evaluate 14 models across T2I and I2I tasks. In addition, we propose the Relation Recognition System to generate the Dimension Trade-off Map (DTM) that visualizes the trade-offs among model-specific capabilities. Our experiments demonstrate that DTM consistently provides a comprehensive understanding of the trade-offs between dimensions for each type of generative model. Notably, we show that the model's dimension-specific weaknesses can be mitigated through fine-tuning on DTM to enhance overall performance. Code is available at: https://github.com/fesvhtr/TRIG

cs.CV↗