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Shi-Fan Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Shi-Fan Chen.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Cosmological Analysis of Three-Dimensional BOSS Galaxy Clustering and Planck CMB Lensing Cross Correlations via Lagrangian Perturbation Theory

We present a formalism for jointly fitting pre- and post-reconstruction redshift-space clustering (RSD) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) plus gravitational lensing (of the CMB) that works directly with the observed 2-point statistics. The formalism is based upon (effective) Lagrangian perturbation theory and a Lagrangian bias expansion, which models RSD, BAO and galaxy-lensing cross correlations within a consistent dynamical framework. As an example we present an analysis of clustering measured by the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey in combination with CMB lensing measured by Planck. The post-reconstruction BAO strongly constrains the distance-redshift relation, the full-shape redshift-space clustering constrains the matter density and growth rate, and CMB lensing constrains the clustering amplitude. Using only the redshift space data we obtain $Ω_\mathrm{m} = 0.303\pm 0.008$, $H_0 = 69.21\pm 0.78$ and $σ_8 = 0.743\pm 0.043$. The addition of lensing information, even when restricted to the Northern Galactic Cap, improves constraints to $Ω_m = 0.300 \pm 0.008$, $H_0 = 69.21 \pm 0.77$ and $σ_8 = 0.707 \pm 0.035$, in tension with CMB and cosmic shear constraints. The combination of $Ω_m$ and $H_0$ are consistent with Planck, though their constraints derive mostly from redshift-space clustering. The low $σ_8$ value are driven by cross correlations with CMB lensing in the low redshift bin ($z\simeq 0.38$) and at large angular scales, which show a $20\%$ deficit compared to expectations from galaxy clustering alone. We conduct several systematics tests on the data and find none that could fully explain these tensions.

astro-ph.CO↗

Priors on red galaxy stochasticity from hybrid effective field theory

We investigate the stochastic properties of typical red galaxy samples in a controlled numerical environment. We use Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) modelling to create mock realizations of three separate bright red galaxy samples consistent with datasets used for clustering and lensing analyses in modern galaxy surveys. Second-order Hybrid Effective Field Theory (HEFT) is used as a field-level forward model to describe the full statistical distribution of these tracer samples, and their stochastic power spectra are directly measured and compared to the Poisson shot-noise prediction. While all of the galaxy samples we consider are hosted within haloes with sub-Poisson stochasticity, we observe that the galaxy samples themselves possess stochasticities that range from sub-Poisson to super-Poisson, in agreement with predictions from the halo model. As an application of our methodology, we place priors on the expected degree of non-Poisson stochasticity in cosmological analyses using such samples. We expect these priors will be useful in reducing the complexity of the full parameter space for future analyses using second-order Lagrangian bias models. More generally, the techniques outlined here present the first application of hybrid EFT methods to characterize models of the galaxy--halo connection at the field level, revealing new connections between once-disparate modelling frameworks.

astro-ph.CO↗

Engineered swift equilibration for arbitrary geometries

Engineered swift equilibration (ESE) is a class of driving protocols that enforce an equilibrium distribution with respect to external control parameters at the beginning and end of rapid state transformations of open, classical non-equilibrium systems. ESE protocols have previously been derived and experimentally realized for Brownian particles in simple, one-dimensional, time-varying trapping potentials; one recent study considered ESE in two-dimensional Euclidean configuration space. Here we extend the ESE framework to generic, overdamped Brownian systems in arbitrary curved configuration space and illustrate our results with specific examples not amenable to previous techniques. Our approach may be used to impose the necessary dynamics to control the full temporal configurational distribution in a wide variety of experimentally realizable settings.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Cosmological constraints from the tomographic cross-correlation of DESI Luminous Red Galaxies and Planck CMB lensing

We use luminous red galaxies selected from the imaging surveys that are being used for targeting by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) in combination with CMB lensing maps from the Planck collaboration to probe the amplitude of large-scale structure over $0.4\le z\le 1$. Our galaxy sample, with an angular number density of approximately $500\,\mathrm{deg}^{-2}$ over 18,000 sq.deg., is divided into 4 tomographic bins by photometric redshift and the redshift distributions are calibrated using spectroscopy from DESI. We fit the galaxy autospectra and galaxy-convergence cross-spectra using models based on cosmological perturbation theory, restricting to large scales that are expected to be well described by such models. Within the context of $Λ$CDM, combining all 4 samples and using priors on the background cosmology from supernova and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, we find $S_8=σ_8(Ω_m/0.3)^{0.5}=0.73\pm 0.03$. This result is lower than the prediction of the $Λ$CDM model conditioned on the Planck data. Our data prefer a slower growth of structure at low redshift than the model predictions, though at only modest significance.

astro-ph.CO↗

A new analysis of galaxy 2-point functions in the BOSS survey, including full-shape information and post-reconstruction BAO

We present a new method for consistent, joint analysis of the pre- and post-reconstruction two-point functions of the BOSS survey. The post-reconstruction correlation function is used to accurately measure the distance-redshift relation and expansion history, while the pre-reconstruction power spectrum multipoles constrain the broad-band shape and the rate-of-growth of large-scale structure. Our technique uses Lagrangian perturbation theory to self-consistently work at the level of two-point functions, i.e.\ directly with the measured data, without approximating the constraints with summary statistics normalized by the drag scale. Combining galaxies across the full redshift range and both hemispheres we constrain $Ω_m=0.303 \pm 0.0082$, $H_0=69.23 \pm 0.77$ and $σ_8=0.733 \pm 0.047$ within the context of $Λ$CDM. These constraints are in good agreement both with the Planck primary CMB anisotropy data and recent cosmic shear surveys.

astro-ph.CO↗

Neural Network Acceleration of Large-scale Structure Theory Calculations

We make use of neural networks to accelerate the calculation of power spectra required for the analysis of galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing data. For modern perturbation theory codes, evaluation time for a single cosmology and redshift can take on the order of two seconds. In combination with the comparable time required to compute linear predictions using a Boltzmann solver, these calculations are the bottleneck for many contemporary large-scale structure analyses. In this work, we construct neural network-based surrogate models for Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) predictions of matter power spectra, real and redshift space galaxy power spectra, and galaxy--matter cross power spectra that attain $\sim 0.1\%$ (at one sigma) accuracy over a broad range of scales in a $w$CDM parameter space. The neural network surrogates can be evaluated in approximately one millisecond, a factor of 1000 times faster than the full Boltzmann code and LPT computations. In a simulated full-shape redshift space galaxy power spectrum analysis, we demonstrate that the posteriors obtained using our surrogates are accurate compared to those obtained using the full LPT model. We make our surrogate models public at https://github.com/sfschen/EmulateLSS, so that others may take advantage of the speed gains they provide to enable rapid iteration on analysis settings, something that is essential in complex contemporary large-scale structure analyses.

astro-ph.CO↗

The cosmology dependence of galaxy clustering and lensing from a hybrid $N$-body-perturbation theory model

We implement a model for the two-point statistics of biased tracers that combines dark matter dynamics from $N$-body simulations with an analytic Lagrangian bias expansion. Using Aemulus, a suite of $N$-body simulations built for emulation of cosmological observables, we emulate the cosmology dependence of these nonlinear spectra from redshifts $z = 0$ to $z=2$. We quantify the accuracy of our emulation procedure, which is sub-per cent at $k=1\, h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ for the redshifts probed by upcoming surveys and improves at higher redshifts. We demonstrate its ability to describe the statistics of complex tracer samples, including those with assembly bias and baryonic effects, reliably fitting the clustering and lensing statistics of such samples at redshift $z\simeq 0.4$ to scales of $k_{\rm max} \approx 0.6\, h\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. We show that the emulator can be used for unbiased cosmological parameter inference in simulated joint clustering and galaxy--galaxy lensing analyses with data drawn from an independent $N$-body simulation. These results indicate that our emulator is a promising tool that can be readily applied to the analysis of current and upcoming datasets from galaxy surveys.

astro-ph.CO↗

The Ly$α$ forest flux correlation function: a perturbation theory perspective

The Ly$α$ forest provides one of the best means of mapping large-scale structure at high redshift, including our tightest constraint on the distance-redshift relation before cosmic noon. We describe how the large-scale correlations in the Ly$α$ forest can be understood as an expansion in cumulants of the optical depth field, which itself can be related to the density field by a bias expansion. This provides a direct connection between the observable and the statistics of the matter fluctuations which can be computed in a systematic manner. We discuss the way in which complex, small-scale physics enters the predictions, the origin of the much-discussed velocity bias and the `renormalization' of the large-scale bias coefficients. Our calculations are within the context of perturbation theory, but we also make contact with earlier work using the peak-background split. Using the structure of the equations of motion we demonstrate, to all orders in perturbation theory, that the large-scale flux power spectrum becomes the linear spectrum times the square of a quadratic in the cosine of the angle to the line of sight. Unlike the case of galaxies, both the isotropic and anisotropic pieces receive contributions from small-scale physics.

astro-ph.CO↗

Redshift-Space Distortions in Lagrangian Perturbation Theory

We present the one-loop 2-point function of biased tracers in redshift space computed with Lagrangian perturbation theory, including a full resummation of both long-wavelength (infrared) displacements and associated velocities. The resulting model accurately predicts the power spectrum and correlation function of halos and mock galaxies from two different sets of N-body simulations at the percent level for quasi-linear scales, including the damping of the baryon acoustic oscillation signal due to the bulk motions of galaxies. We compare this full resummation with other, approximate, techniques including the moment expansion and Gaussian streaming model. We discuss infrared resummation in detail and compare our Lagrangian formulation with the Eulerian theory augmented by an infrared resummation based on splitting the input power spectrum into "wiggle" and "no-wiggle" components. We show that our model is able to recover unbiased cosmological parameters in mock data encompassing a volume much larger than what will be available to future galaxy surveys. We demonstrate how to efficiently compute the resulting expressions numerically, making available a fast Python code capable of rapidly computing these statistics in both configuration and Fourier space.

astro-ph.CO↗

Modeling features in the redshift-space halo power spectrum with perturbation theory

We study the ability of perturbative models with effective field theory contributions and infra-red resummation to model the redshift space clustering of biased tracers in models where the linear power spectrum has "features" -- either imprinted during inflation or induced by non-standard expansion histories. We show that both Eulerian and Lagrangian perturbation theory are capable of reproducing the Fourier space two-point functions of halos up to the non-linear scale from a suite of $4096^3$ particle N-body simulations. This is the first demonstration that perturbative models can accurately fit the redshift-space clustering of biased tracers in N-body simulations of such theories. By comparing different theoretical models and IR resummation schemes we assess the current theoretical uncertainty in predicting power spectra for models with features. Our results suggest that future surveys will be able to detect or tightly constrain features in the primordial spectrum below the one percent level across a wide range of scales.

astro-ph.CO↗

Consistent Modeling of Velocity Statistics and Redshift-Space Distortions in One-Loop Perturbation Theory

The peculiar velocities of biased tracers of the cosmic density field contain important information about the growth of large scale structure and generate anisotropy in the observed clustering of galaxies. Using N-body data, we show that velocity expansions for halo redshift-space power spectra are converged at the percent-level at perturbative scales for most line-of-sight angles $μ$ when the first three pairwise velocity moments are included, and that the third moment is well-approximated by a counterterm-like contribution. We compute these pairwise-velocity statistics in Fourier space using both Eulerian and Lagrangian one-loop perturbation theory using a cubic bias scheme and a complete set of counterterms and stochastic contributions. We compare the models and show that our models fit both real-space velocity statistics and redshift-space power spectra for both halos and a mock sample of galaxies at sub-percent level on perturbative scales using consistent sets of parameters, making them appealing choices for the upcoming era of spectroscopic, peculiar-velocity and kSZ surveys.

astro-ph.CO↗

Asymptotic expansions for the Large Scale Structure

We explore the deep ultraviolet (that is, short-distance) limit of the power spectrum (PS) and of the correlation function of a cold dark matter dominated Universe. While for large scales the PS can be written as a double series expansion, in powers of the linear PS and of the wavenumber $k$, we show that, in the opposite limit, it can be expressed via an expansion in powers of the form $1/k^{d+2n}$, where $d$ is the number of spatial dimensions, and $n$ is a non negative integer. The coefficients of the terms of the expansion are nonperturbative in the linear PS, and can be interpreted in terms of the probability density function for the displacement field, evaluated around specific configurations of the latter, that we identify. In the case of the Zel'dovich dynamics, these coefficients can be determined analytically, whereas for the exact dynamics they can be treated as fit, or nuisance, parameters. We confirm our findings with numerical simulations and discuss the necessary steps to match our results to those obtained for larger scales and to actual measurements.

astro-ph.CO↗

The Reconstructed Power Spectrum in the Zeldovich Approximation

Density-reconstruction sharpens the baryon acoustic oscillations signal by undoing some of the smoothing incurred by nonlinear structure formation. In this paper we present an analytical model for reconstruction based on the Zeldovich approximation, which for the first time includes a complete set of counterterms and bias terms up to quadratic order and can fit real and redshift-space data pre- and post-reconstruction data in both Fourier and configuration space over a wide range of scales. We compare our model to n-body data at $z = 0$ from the {\tt DarkSky} simulation \cite{skillman14}, finding sub-percent agreement in both real space and in the redshift-space power spectrum monopole out to $k = 0.4\ h$ Mpc$^{-1}$, and out to $k = 0.2\ h$ Mpc$^{-1}$ in the quadrupole, with comparable agreement in configuration space. We compare our model with several popular existing alternatives, updating existing theoretical results for exponential damping in wiggle/no-wiggle splits of the BAO signal and discuss the usually-ignored effect of higher bias contributions on the reconstructed signal. In the appendices, we re-derive the former within our formalism, present exploratory results on higher-order corrections due to nonlinearities inherent to reconstruction, and present numerical techniques with which to calculate the redshift-space power spectrum of biased tracers within the Zeldovich approximation.

astro-ph.CO↗

Simulations and symmetries

We investigate the range of applicability of a model for the real-space power spectrum based on N-body dynamics and a (quadratic) Lagrangian bias expansion. This combination uses the highly accurate particle displacements that can be efficiently achieved by modern N-body methods with a symmetries-based bias expansion which describes the clustering of any tracer on large scales. We show that at low redshifts, and for moderately biased tracers, the substitution of N-body-determined dynamics improves over an equivalent model using perturbation theory by more than a factor of two in scale, while at high redshifts and for highly biased tracers the gains are more modest. This hybrid approach lends itself well to emulation. By removing the need to identify halos and subhalos, and by not requiring any galaxy-formation-related parameters to be included, the emulation task is significantly simplified at the cost of modeling a more limited range in scale.

astro-ph.CO↗

Inflation and Early Dark Energy with a Stage II Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment

This white paper envisions a revolutionary post-DESI, post-LSST dark energy program based on intensity mapping of the redshifted 21cm emission line from neutral hydrogen at radio frequencies. The proposed intensity mapping survey has the unique capability to quadruple the volume of the Universe surveyed by optical programs, provide a percent-level measurement of the expansion history to $z \sim 6$, open a window to explore physics beyond the concordance $Λ$CDM model, and to significantly improve the precision on standard cosmological parameters. In addition, characterization of dark energy and new physics will be powerfully enhanced by cross-correlations with optical surveys and cosmic microwave background measurements. The rich dataset obtained by the proposed intensity mapping instrument will be simultaneously useful in exploring the time-domain physics of fast radio transients and pulsars, potentially in live "multi-messenger" coincidence with other observatories. The core dark energy/inflation science advances enabled by this program are the following: (i) Measure the expansion history of the universe over $z=0.3-6$ with a single instrument, extending the range deep into the pre-acceleration era, providing an unexplored window for new physics; (ii) Measure the growth rate of structure in the universe over the same redshift range; (iii) Observe, or constrain, the presence of inflationary relics in the primordial power spectrum, improving existing constraints by an order of magnitude; (iv) Observe, or constrain, primordial non-Gaussianity with unprecedented precision, improving constraints on several key numbers by an order of magnitude. Detailed mapping of the enormous, and still largely unexplored, volume of cosmic space will thus provide unprecedented information on fundamental questions of the vacuum energy and early-universe physics.

astro-ph.CO↗

Synergies between radio, optical and microwave observations at high redshift

We study synergies between three promising methods to measure $2 2$ and suffer from interloper problems even for spectroscopic surveys. Intensity mapping of the 21-cm signal can cover large volumes with exquisite fidelity, but is limited both by loss of information to foreground cleaning and by lack of knowledge of the mean signal. Cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing is theoretically very clean, but ultimately measures just the projected variations in density. We find that cross-correlation between optical and radio can significantly improve the measurement of growth rate. Combining these with the CMB provides a promising avenue to detecting modified gravity at high redshifts, in particular by independently probing the Weyl and Newtonian potentials and by strengthening control of systematics. We find that cross-correlating a Stage {\sc ii} 21-cm survey with DESI quasars with a reasonable brightness temperature prior could enable measurements of the growth rate $fσ_8$ at sub 3\% and sub 8\% levels at $z = 3, 4$, representing a factor of 4 and 8 improvement over constraints obtainable from DESI quasars alone. Similarly, cross-correlating 21-cm data with a futuristic LBG survey to $m_{UV}<24.5$ over 1000 square degrees will make possible $fσ_8$ measurements at close to 1\% at $z = 3$ and 3\% at $z = 4$, and improve similar constraints at $z = 5$ by close to a factor of 3 to sub-10\% precision. Combining the above with CMB lensing from a Stage 4 CMB survey and LSST data can additionally constrain the gravitational slip $γ$ parameter to similar precision at these redshifts, enabling us to test the predictions of general relativity at large scales.

astro-ph.CO↗

Biased Tracers of Two Fluids in the Lagrangian Picture

We explore Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) for biased tracers in the presence of two fluids, focusing on the case of cold dark matter (CDM) and baryons. The presence of two fluids induces corrections to the Lagrangian bias expansion and tracer advection, both of which we formulate as expansions in the three linear modes of the Lagrangian equations of motion. We compute the linear-order two-fluid corrections in the Zeldovich approximation, finding that modifications to the bias expansion and tracer advection both enter as percent-level corrections over a large range of wavenumbers at low redshift and draw parallels with the Eulerian formalism. We then discuss nonlinear corrections in the two-fluid picture, and calculate contributions from the relative velocity effect ($\propto v_r^2$) at one loop order. Finally, we conduct an exploratory Fisher analysis to assess the impact of two-fluid corrections on baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements, finding that while modest values of the relative bias parameters can introduce systematic biases in the measured BAO scale of up to $0.5\, σ$, fitting for these effects as additional parameters increases the error bar by less than $30\%$ across a wide range of bias values.

astro-ph.CO↗

Inflation and Dark Energy from spectroscopy at $z > 2$

The expansion of the Universe is understood to have accelerated during two epochs: in its very first moments during a period of Inflation and much more recently, at $z < 1$, when Dark Energy is hypothesized to drive cosmic acceleration. The undiscovered mechanisms behind these two epochs represent some of the most important open problems in fundamental physics. The large cosmological volume at $2 < z < 5$, together with the ability to efficiently target high-$z$ galaxies with known techniques, enables large gains in the study of Inflation and Dark Energy. A future spectroscopic survey can test the Gaussianity of the initial conditions up to a factor of ~50 better than our current bounds, crossing the crucial theoretical threshold of $σ(f_{NL}^{\rm local})$ of order unity that separates single field and multi-field models. Simultaneously, it can measure the fraction of Dark Energy at the percent level up to $z = 5$, thus serving as an unprecedented test of the standard model and opening up a tremendous discovery space.

astro-ph.CO↗