arXiv subjects

Shing Chan

Publications and source records attributed to Shing Chan.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

ActiNet: An Open-Source Tool for Activity Intensity Classification of Wrist-Worn Accelerometry Using Self-Supervised Deep Learning

The use of accurate and reliable open-source human activity recognition (HAR) models on passively collected wrist-accelerometer data is essential in large-scale epidemiological studies that investigate the association between physical activity and health outcomes. While self-supervised learning has generated considerable excitement in improving HAR, the extent to which these models, coupled with hidden Markov models (HMMs), would make a tangible improvement to classification performance and the effect this may have on the predicted daily activity intensity compositions is unknown. Using up to 24 hours of wrist-worn accelerometer data from 151 CAPTURE-24 participants (aged 18 - 91, mean age 42, 66% female), we trained the ActiNet model, consisting HARNet, a self-supervised, 18-layer, modified ResNet-V2 model, followed by hidden Markov model (HMM) smoothing to classify labels of activity intensity. The performance of this model, evaluated using 5-fold stratified group cross-validation, was then compared to a baseline random forest (RF) + HMM, established in existing literature. Differences in performance and classification outputs were compared with different subgroups of age and sex within the CAPTURE-24 population. The ActiNet model was able to distinguish labels of activity intensity with a mean macro F1 score of 0.82 and a mean Cohen's kappa score of 0.86. This exceeded the performance of the RF + HMM, trained and validated on the same dataset, with mean scores of 0.76 and 0.80, respectively. The improvements in performance were consistent across subgroups of age and sex. These findings encourage the use of ActiNet for the extraction of activity intensity labels from wrist-accelerometer data in future epidemiological studies.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2024

CAPTURE-24: A large dataset of wrist-worn activity tracker data collected in the wild for human activity recognition

Existing activity tracker datasets for human activity recognition are typically obtained by having participants perform predefined activities in an enclosed environment under supervision. This results in small datasets with a limited number of activities and heterogeneity, lacking the mixed and nuanced movements normally found in free-living scenarios. As such, models trained on laboratory-style datasets may not generalise out of sample. To address this problem, we introduce a new dataset involving wrist-worn accelerometers, wearable cameras, and sleep diaries, enabling data collection for over 24 hours in a free-living setting. The result is CAPTURE-24, a large activity tracker dataset collected in the wild from 151 participants, amounting to 3883 hours of accelerometer data, of which 2562 hours are annotated. CAPTURE-24 is two to three orders of magnitude larger than existing publicly available datasets, which is critical to developing accurate human activity recognition models.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2022

Self-supervised Learning for Human Activity Recognition Using 700,000 Person-days of Wearable Data

Advances in deep learning for human activity recognition have been relatively limited due to the lack of large labelled datasets. In this study, we leverage self-supervised learning techniques on the UK-Biobank activity tracker dataset--the largest of its kind to date--containing more than 700,000 person-days of unlabelled wearable sensor data. Our resulting activity recognition model consistently outperformed strong baselines across seven benchmark datasets, with an F1 relative improvement of 2.5%-100% (median 18.4%), the largest improvements occurring in the smaller datasets. In contrast to previous studies, our results generalise across external datasets, devices, and environments. Our open-source model will help researchers and developers to build customisable and generalisable activity classifiers with high performance.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2019

Parametrization of stochastic inputs using generative adversarial networks with application in geology

We investigate artificial neural networks as a parametrization tool for stochastic inputs in numerical simulations. We address parametrization from the point of view of emulating the data generating process, instead of explicitly constructing a parametric form to preserve predefined statistics of the data. This is done by training a neural network to generate samples from the data distribution using a recent deep learning technique called generative adversarial networks. By emulating the data generating process, the relevant statistics of the data are replicated. The method is assessed in subsurface flow problems, where effective parametrization of underground properties such as permeability is important due to the high dimensionality and presence of high spatial correlations. We experiment with realizations of binary channelized subsurface permeability and perform uncertainty quantification and parameter estimation. Results show that the parametrization using generative adversarial networks is very effective in preserving visual realism as well as high order statistics of the flow responses, while achieving a dimensionality reduction of two orders of magnitude.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2018

Exemplar-based synthesis of geology using kernel discrepancies and generative neural networks

We propose a framework for synthesis of geological images based on an exemplar image. We synthesize new realizations such that the discrepancy in the patch distribution between the realizations and the exemplar image is minimized. Such discrepancy is quantified using a kernel method for two-sample test called maximum mean discrepancy. To enable fast synthesis, we train a generative neural network in an offline phase to sample realizations efficiently during deployment, while also providing a parametrization of the synthesis process. We assess the framework on a classical binary image representing channelized subsurface reservoirs, finding that the method reproduces the visual patterns and spatial statistics (image histogram and two-point probability functions) of the exemplar image.

stat.ML↗

arXiv2018

Parametric generation of conditional geological realizations using generative neural networks

Deep learning techniques are increasingly being considered for geological applications where -- much like in computer vision -- the challenges are characterized by high-dimensional spatial data dominated by multipoint statistics. In particular, a novel technique called generative adversarial networks has been recently studied for geological parametrization and synthesis, obtaining very impressive results that are at least qualitatively competitive with previous methods. The method obtains a neural network parametrization of the geology -- so-called a generator -- that is capable of reproducing very complex geological patterns with dimensionality reduction of several orders of magnitude. Subsequent works have addressed the conditioning task, i.e. using the generator to generate realizations honoring spatial observations (hard data). The current approaches, however, do not provide a parametrization of the conditional generation process. In this work, we propose a method to obtain a parametrization for direct generation of conditional realizations. The main idea is to simply extend the existing generator network by stacking a second inference network that learns to perform the conditioning. This inference network is a neural network trained to sample a posterior distribution derived using a Bayesian formulation of the conditioning task. The resulting extended neural network thus provides the conditional parametrization. Our method is assessed on a benchmark image of binary channelized subsurface, obtaining very promising results for a wide variety of conditioning configurations.

stat.ML↗

arXiv2017

A machine learning approach for efficient uncertainty quantification using multiscale methods

Several multiscale methods account for sub-grid scale features using coarse scale basis functions. For example, in the Multiscale Finite Volume method the coarse scale basis functions are obtained by solving a set of local problems over dual-grid cells. We introduce a data-driven approach for the estimation of these coarse scale basis functions. Specifically, we employ a neural network predictor fitted using a set of solution samples from which it learns to generate subsequent basis functions at a lower computational cost than solving the local problems. The computational advantage of this approach is realized for uncertainty quantification tasks where a large number of realizations has to be evaluated. We attribute the ability to learn these basis functions to the modularity of the local problems and the redundancy of the permeability patches between samples. The proposed method is evaluated on elliptic problems yielding very promising results.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2017

Parametrization and generation of geological models with generative adversarial networks

One of the main challenges in the parametrization of geological models is the ability to capture complex geological structures often observed in the subsurface. In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GAN) were proposed as an efficient method for the generation and parametrization of complex data, showing state-of-the-art performances in challenging computer vision tasks such as reproducing natural images (handwritten digits, human faces, etc.). In this work, we study the application of Wasserstein GAN for the parametrization of geological models. The effectiveness of the method is assessed for uncertainty propagation tasks using several test cases involving different permeability patterns and subsurface flow problems. Results show that GANs are able to generate samples that preserve the multipoint statistical features of the geological models both visually and quantitatively. The generated samples reproduce both the geological structures and the flow statistics of the reference geology.

stat.ML↗