arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Shiping Jin.
In this work, Gibbs paradox was discussed from the view of observer. The limitations of real observer are analyzed quantitatively. The entropy of mixing was found to be determined by both the identification ability and the information already in hand of an observer.
In this work, the relationship between Carnot engine and Szilárd engine was discussed. By defining the available information about the temperature difference between two heat reservoirs, the Carnot engine was found to have a same physical essence with Szilárd engine: lossless conversion of available information. Thus, a generalized Carnot's theorem for wider scope of application can be described as "all the available information is 100% coded into work".
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a membrane protein which is selectively permeable to water. Due to its dumbbell shape, AQP1 can sense the size information of solute molecules in osmosis. At the cost of consuming this information, AQP1 can move water against its chemical potential gradient: it is able to work as one kind of Maxwell's Demon. This effect was detected quantitatively by measuring the water osmosis of mice red blood cells. This ability may protect the red blood cells from the eryptosis elicited by osmotic shock when they move in the kidney, where a large gradient of urea is required for the urine concentrating mechanism. This finding anticipates a new beginning of inquiries into the complicated relationships among mass, energy and information in bio-systems.
This work presents a modified Kedem-Katchalsky equations for osmosis through nano-pore. osmotic reflection coefficient of a solute was found to be chiefly affected by the entrance of the pore while filtration reflection coefficient can be affected by both the entrance and the internal structure of the pore. Using an analytical method, we get the quantitative relationship between osmotic reflection coefficient and the molecule size. The model is verified by comparing the theoretical results with the reported experimental data of aquaporin osmosis. Our work is expected to pave the way for a better understanding of osmosis in bio-system and to give us new ideas in designing new membranes with better performance.
Using a new generalized second law of thermodynamics, the information and entropy of a black hole and its accretion disk are analyzed respectively. We find the bound of the information channel width of a black hole, which is determined by the variation rate of the horizon temperature and the mass of the black hole's shell(the accretion disk close to the horizon).
Local realism has been knocked down by the experiments with entangled pairs of particles based on Bell's theorem(J. S. Bell, Physics (Long Island City, N.Y.) 1, 195 (1964)). However, there has been continuing debate on whether locality or realism is the problem. In this work, we analyzed the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen thought experiment of Bohm's version using information theory and thermodynamics. The inference of non-locality from EPR experiments will be against the principle of non-realism of quantum mechanics. Therefore, the experiments about quantum entanglement cannot provide any proof to accuse locality.