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Shlomo Dado

Publications and source records attributed to Shlomo Dado.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2016

Common origin of the diffuse high energy backgrounds of gamma rays, neutrinos and cosmic ray positrons?

We show that the observed fluxes, spectra and sky distributions of the high energy diffuse backgrounds of astronomical neutrinos, gamma rays and cosmic ray positrons satisfy simple relations expected from their common production in hadronic collisions of high energy cosmic rays (CRs) with diffuse matter. This provides compelling evidence that the high energy neutrino, gamma ray, and positron backgrounds have a common origin - hadronic meson production by cosmic rays in our Galaxy and in external galaxies rather than through the decay/annihilation of dark matter particles.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2015

Analytical Expressions For Light-Curves Of Ordinary And Superluminous Supernovae Type Ia

Supernovae of type Ia (SNeIa) can be produced by the explosion of slowly-rotating carbon-oxygen white dwarfs whose mass increases beyond a critical value by mass accretion. Collision with circumstellar material during their photospheric and early nebular phase can enhance the bolometric luminosity of otherwise ordinary SNeIa to become superluminous. A few simplifying assumptions lead to a simple analytic master formula, which describes quite well the bolometric light-curves of ordinary SNeIa and supeluminous SNeIa in terms of few initial physical parameters. Other main properties of SNeIa, including the empirical 'brighter-slower' Phillips' relation that was used to standardize ordinary SNeIa as distance indicators and led to the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe, are reproduced

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2015

Comment on AMS02 results support the secondary origin of cosmic ray positrons

We present a simple calculation of the flux of secondary positrons produced in the ISM that is based only on priors. Our calculated ISM flux agrees very well with that calculated with the elaborate GALPROP code. It confirms that secondary production of positrons in the ISM by the primary cosmic rays cannot explain the observed sub-TeV flux of CR positrons. Moreover, we show that once energy loss of positrons in source and in the ISM are included, secondary production inside the CR sources plus the ISM does explain the measured near-Earth flux of cosmic ray positrons.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2015

A Common Solution of Two Cosmic Puzzles

The origin of the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background, which was measured with the large area telescope (LAT) aboard the Fermi satellite at energy below 820 GeV, and of the diffuse cosmic background of neutrinos, which was observed at much higher energies with the IceCube detector deep under the south pole ice, are among the current unsolved major cosmic puzzles. Here we show that their properties indicate a common origin: the decay of mesons produced in collisions of cosmic rays accelerated in relativistic jets with matter in/near source. Moreover, their properties are those expected if these highly relativistic jets are those that produce long duration gamma ray bursts in core collapse supernovae of type Ic, which take place mostly in the densest regions of giant molecular clouds in star forming galaxies, and those that are fired by blazars into their broad line region (BLR), which contains millions of mini-clouds.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2014

Origin Of The High Energy Cosmic Neutrino Background

The diffuse background of very high energy extra-terrestrial neutrinos recently discovered with IceCube is compatible with that expected from cosmic ray interactions in the Galactic interstellar medium plus that expected from hadronic interactions near source and in the intergalactic medium of the cosmic rays which have been accelerated by the jets that produce gamma ray bursts (GRBs).

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2014

GRB 130603B: No Compelling Evidence For Neutron Star Merger

Near infrared (NIR) flare/rebrightening in the afterglow of the short hard gamma ray burst (SHB) 130603B measured with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and an alleged late-time X-ray excess were interpreted as possible evidence of a neutron-star merger origin of this SHB. However, the X-ray afterglow that was measured with the Swift-XRT and Newton XMM have the canonical behaviour of a synchrotron afterglow produced by a highly relativistic jet. The H-band flux observed with HST 9.41 days after burst is that expected from the measured late-time X-ray afterglow. A late-time flare/re-brightening of a NIR-Optical afterglow of SHB can be produced by jet collision with an interstellar density bump, or by a kilonova, but jet plus kilonova can be produced also by the collapse of compact stars (neutron star, strange star, or quark star) to a more compact object due to cooling, loss of angular momentum, or mass accretion.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2013

Are Superluminous Supernovae Powered By Collision Or By Millisecond Magnetars?

Using our previously derived simple analytic expression for the bolometric light curves of supernovae, we demonstrate that the collision of the fast debris of ordinary supernova explosions with relatively slow-moving shells from pre-supernova eruptions can produce the observed bolometric light curves of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) of all types. These include both, those which can be explained as powered by spinning-down millisecond magnetars and those which cannot. That and the observed close similarity between the bolometric light-curves of SLSNe and ordinary interacting SNe suggest that SLSNe are powered mainly by collisions with relatively slow moving circumstellar shells from pre-supernova eruptions rather than by the spin-down of millisecond magnetars born in core collapse supernova explosions.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2013

Long Gamma Ray Bursts Trace The Star Formation History

We show that if the broad-line supernova explosions of type Ic (SNeIc) produce the bulk of the observed long duration gamma ray bursts (LGRBs), which include the high luminosity GRBs, low luminosity GRBs and X-ray flashes (XRFs), and if LGRBs have the geometry assumed in the cannonball (CB) model of LGRBs, then their rate measured by Swift and their redshift distribution are consistent with the star formation rate (SFR) over the entire range of redshifts where the SFR has been measured with sufficient accuracy.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2013

Conical Fireballs, Cannonballs, And Jet-Breaks In The Afterglows Of Gamma Ray Bursts

The 'jet-break' in the X-ray afterglow of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) appears to be correlated to other properties of the X-ray afterglow and the prompt gamma ray emission, but the correlations are at odds with those predicted by the conical fireball model of GRBs. The correlations are in good agreement, however, with those predicted by the Cannonball model of GRBs.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2013

On The Recently Discovered Correlations Between Gamma-Ray And X-Ray Properties Of Gamma Ray Bursts

Recently, several new correlations between the observed $γ$-ray and the X-ray properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) were inferred from a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray light curves of more than 650 GRBs measured with the Swift X-ray telescope (Swift/XRT) during the years 2004-2010. Like previously well established correlations, they challenge GRB models. Here we show that in the cannonball (CB) model of GRBs, the newly discovered correlations and those that follow from them, have the same simple kinematic origin as those discovered earlier. They result from the strong dependence of the observed radiations on the bulk motion Lorentz and Doppler factors of the jet of highly relativistic plasmoids (CBs) that produces these radiations by interaction with the medium through which it propagates.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2012

Super Luminous Supernova and Gamma Ray Bursts

We use a simple analytical model to derive a closed form expression for the bolometric light-curve of super-luminus supernovae (SLSNe) powered by a plastic collision between the fast ejecta from core collapse supernovae (SNe) of types Ib/c and IIn and slower massive circum-stellar shells, ejected during the late stage of the life of their progenitor stars preceding the SN explosion. We demonstrate that this expression reproduces well the bolometric luminosity of SLSNe with and without an observed gamma ray burst (GRB), and requires only a modest amount ($M < 0.1\,M_\odot$) of radioactive $^{56}$Ni synthesized in the SN explosion in order to explain their late-time luminosity. Long duration GRBs can be produced by ordinary SNe of type Ic rather than by 'hypernovae' - a subclass of superenergetic SNeIb/c.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2012

Correlated Spectral And Temporal Behaviour Of Late-Time Afterglows Of Gamma Ray Bursts

The cannonball (CB) model of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) predicts that the asymptotic behaviour of the spectral energy density of the X-ray afterglow of GRBs is a power-law in time and in frequency where the difference between the temporal and spectral power-law indexes, $α_X-β_X$, is restricted to the values 0, 1/2 and 1. Here we report the distributions of the values $α_X$, $β_X$ and their difference for a sample of 315 Swift GRBs. This sample includes all Swift GRBs that were detected before August 1, 2012, whose X-ray afterglow extended well beyond 1 day and the estimated error in $α_X-β_X$ was $\leq 0.25$. The values of $α_X$ were extracted from the CB model fits to the entire light curves of their X-ray afterglow while the spectral index was extracted by the Swift team from the time integrated X-ray afterglow of these GRBs. We found that the distribution of the difference $α_X-β_X$ for these 315 Swift GRBs has three narrow peaks around 0, 1/2 and 1 whose widths are consistent with being due to the measurement errors, in agreement with the CB model prediction.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2012

Kinematic Origin OF Correlations Between Gamma Ray Burst Observables

Recently, several new correlations between gamma ray burst (GRB) observables have been discovered. Like previously well established correlations, they challenge GRB models. Here we show that in the cannonball (CB) model of GRBs, these newly discovered correlations have the same simple kinematic origin as those discovered earlier. They all result from the strong dependence of the observed radiations on the Lorentz and Doppler factors of the jet of highly relativistic plasmoids (CBs) that produces the observed radiations by interaction with the medium through which it propagates.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2012

On The Evolution Of The Spectral Break In The Afterglow Of Gamma Ray Bursts

The temporal evolution of the spectral break in the time resolved spectral energy density of the broad band afterglow of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) 091127 and 080319B was shown recently to be inconsistent with that expected for the cooling break in the standard fireball model of GRBs. Here we show that it is, however, in good agreement with the predicted temporal evolution of the smooth injection break/bend in the cannonball model of GRBs.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2011

Possible Origin Of The Neutrino Speed Anomaly Reported By OPERA

Recently the OPERA collaboration reported a measurement of a superluminal speed of muon neutrinos travelling through the Earth's crust between their production site at CERN and their detection site under Gran Sasso, ~730 km away. The measurement was based on the assumption that the pulse shape of the neutrinos from the decay of parent mesons produced in proton-target collisions is the same as that of the incident protons. Here we argue that the effective column density of the target along the beam direction decreases with time during the 10.5 microseconds duration of the proton pulse. This is because of the thermal expansion and expulsion of target material along the beam by the energy-momentum deposition during the 10.5 microseconds pulse. The progresive reduction in the effective column density during the pulse decreases the neutrino production rate per incident proton. It could have advanced the mean production time of the detected neutrinos relative to that calculated from the proton pulse-shape, by an amount comparable to the measured neutrino lead time (60.7+/-6.9(stat) +/-7.4(sys) ns. This explanation implies that the planned measurements by OPERA of the speed of neutrinos produced in much shorter (a few ns) pulses, should yield a speed consistent with the speed of light in free space.

hep-ex↗
arXiv2011

Origin of the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays and their Spectral Break

The energy spectrum, composition and arrival directions of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energy above the cosmic ray ankle, measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory, are inconsistent if their origin is assumed to be extragalactic. Their observed properties, however, are those expected from UHECRs accelerated by the highly relativistic jets emitted in Galactic gamma ray bursts, most of which are beamed away from Earth. If this alternative interpretation is correct, the observed break in the energy spectrum of UHECRs around 50 EeV is not the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin cutoff but the energy threshold for free escape of ultrahigh energy iron cosmic rays from the Galaxy and above their respective free-escape threshold-energies, UHECR nuclei should point back to their Galactic sources or their remnants rather than to active galactic nuclei (AGN) within the GZK horizon.

astro-ph.HE↗
arXiv2011

Misaligned And Alien Planets From Explosive Death Of Stars

Exoplanets whose orbit is misaligned with the spin of their host star could have originated from high-speed gas blobs, which are observed in multitudes in nearby supernova remnants and planetary nebulae. These blobs grow in mass and slow down in the interstellar medium (ISM) by mass accretion and cool by radiation. If their mass exceeds the Jeans mass, they collapse into hot giant gas planets. Most of the 'missing baryons' in galaxies could have been swept into such free-floating objects, which could perturb stellar planetary systems, kick bound planets into misaligned orbits or be captured themselves into misaligned orbits. The uncollapsed ones can then collapse or be tidally disrupted into a tilted gas disk where formation of misaligned planets can take place. Giant gas planets free floating in the Galactic ISM may be detected by their microlensing effects or by deep photometry if they are hot. The uncollapsed gas blobs may produce the observed radio scintillations of comact extragalactic radio sources such as quasars and gamma ray bursts.

astro-ph.EP↗