arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Shou-hua Zhu.
The CDF, ATLAS and LHCb have released the measurements on the W boson mass $m_W$ at $\sqrt{S}=1.96, 7, 13 TeV$, respectively. The measured values show the declining tendency, namely $m_W$ decreases with the increment of the collider energy. If the declining tendency is confirmed, it might be the signal of metric field at high energy colliders. In this paper, we propose a model to account for such tendency and explore the properties of the model.
We propose soft breaking mechanism for dark matter (DM) shift symmetry in a class of composite dark matter models, where both DM and the Higgs boson arise as pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons from novel strong dynamics. Our mechanism is utilized to suppress the non-derivative portal coupling between the Higgs boson and DM particle, which can evade the stringent bound of current DM direct detection experiments. Otherwise this non-derivative portal coupling would naturally be at the same order of the Higgs quartic, rendering this class of models under severe crisis. For realizing soft breaking mechanism, we introduce vector-like top partners, dubbed as "softons", to restore the shift symmetry of DM in top Yukawa sector, which however is only broken by the softon masses. The portal coupling would automatically vanish as the shift-symmetry-breaking softon masses approach zero. Specifically we present a proof-of-concept model of soft breaking, based on the coset $O(6)/O(5)$ and the simplest fermion embedding, and study its DM phenomenology, where we show a large amount of novel parameter space is opened up by using the soft breaking mechanism.
Though the 125 GeV Higgs boson is consistent with the standard model (SM) prediction until now, the triple Higgs coupling can deviate from the SM value in the physics beyond the SM (BSM). In this paper, the radiative correction to the triple Higgs coupling is investigated in the minimal extension of the SM by adding a real gauge singlet scalar. In this model there are two scalars $h$ and $H$, and both of them are mixing states of the doublet and singlet. Provided that the mixing angle is set to be zero, namely the SM limit, $h$ is the pure left-over of the doublet and its behaviour is the same as that of the SM at the tree level. However the loop corrections can alter $h$-related couplings. In this SM limit case, the effect of the singlet $H$ may show up in the $h$-related couplings, especially the triple $h$ coupling. Our numerical results show that the deviation is sizable. For $λ_{Φ{S}}=1$ (see the text for definition), the deviation $δ_{hhh}^{(1)}$ around threshold can be more than $20\%$ if mass of the new scalar is light. For $λ_{Φ{S}}=1.5,3$, the deviation $δ_{hhh}^{(1)}$ can reach above $30\%$ in the vicinity of threshold. For $λ_{Φ{S}}=-1$, $m_H$ can be light. The deviation $δ_{hhh}^{(1)}$ is negative in this case and can be even $-50\%$ in the threshold enhanced region. The radiative correction for the $hZZ$ coupling is from the counter-term, which is universal in this model and always with negative sign. $δ_{hZZ}^{(1)}$ is independent of the sign of $λ_{Φ{S}}$ and its typical size is $-0.2\%\sim-2\%$. When combining $hhh$ and $hZZ$ precision measurements together, parameter space of this model can be probed well including the sign and size of $λ_{Φ{S}}$.
We previously presented the minimal neutral naturalness model, in which neutral naturalness is realized with the minimal coset and the minimal field content in the color-neutral sector. To fully eliminating the cutoff dependence in the Higgs potential, its ultraviolet completion was laid out. In this work, we investigate in details the holographic realization in warped five-dimensional framework. Using the holographic method, we obtain the effective action on the UV brane and derive the finite Higgs potential, with the Higgs being a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson. The Higgs potential is fully radiatively generated and vacuum misalignment is naturally realized through only the fermionic contribution. To illustrate general features of the lowest Kaluza-Klein states, we construct the corresponding deconstructed two-site composite model.
If the Higgs boson is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (PNGB), the $hZγ$ contact interaction induced by the $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ invariants of the non-linear sigma model is free from its nonlinearity effects. The process $h\rightarrow Zγ$ can be used to eliminate the universal effects of heavy particles, which can fake the nonlinearity effects of the PNGB Higgs boson in the process $h\rightarrow V^*V$ ($V=W^\pm$,\ $Z$). We demonstrate that the ratio of the signal strength of $h\rightarrow Zγ$ and $h\rightarrow V^*V$ is good to distinguish the signature of the PNGB Higgs boson from Higgs coupling deviations.
We build a minimal neutral naturalness model in which the top partners are not charged under QCD, with a pseudo Goldstone Higgs arising from $SO(5)/SO(4)$ breaking. The color-neutral top partners generate the Higgs potential radiatively without quadratic divergence. The misalignment between the electroweak scale and global symmetry breaking scale is naturally obtained from suppression of the Higgs quadratic term, due to cancellation between singlet and doublet top partner contributions. This model can be embedded into ultraviolet holographic setup in composite Higgs framework, which even realizes finite Higgs potential.
We re-analyze the $ZHη$-vertex with the form $Z_μ(η\partial^μH-H\partial^μη)$, where $H$ is the 125 GeV Higgs boson and $η$ is an exotic pseudo-axion, based on the effective field theory (EFT) analysis and choose the simplest little Higgs (SLH) model as an example. For a pure gauge singlet pseudoscalar $η$, after carefully removing all off-diagonal two-point transitions, we show that its coefficient $c_{ZHη}$ cannot appear before $\mathcal{O}(ξ^3)$ level, where $ξ$ is the ratio between the electro-weak scale $v$ and a high scale $f$. The same behavior arises in the simplest little Higgs (SLH) model, which is quite different from the result that has already existed for a long time.
The issue of deriving $ZHη$ vertex in the simplest Little Higgs (SLH) model is revisited. Special attention is paid to the treatment of non-canonically-normalized scalar kinetic matrix and vector-scalar two-point transitions. We elucidate a general procedure to diagonalize a general vector-scalar system in gauge theories and apply it to the case of SLH. The resultant $ZHη$ vertex is found to be different from those which have already existed in the literature for a long time. We also present an understanding of this issue from an effective field theory viewpoint.
We study the exotic decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson ($h$) into a pair of light spin-0 particles ($ϕ$) which subsequently decays and results in a $4b$ final state. This decay mode is well motivated in the Next to Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) and extended Higgs sector models. Instead of searching at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) which are beset by large Standard Model (SM) backgrounds, we investigate this decay channel at the much cleaner Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC). With some simple selection cuts this channel becomes nearly free of background at this $ep$ machine, in stark contrast with the situation at the (HL-)LHC. With a parton level analysis we show that for the $ϕ$ mass range $[20,60]GeV$, with $100\,fb^{-1}$ luminosity the LHeC is generally capable of constraining $C_{4b}^2\equivκ_{V}^2\times\text{Br}(h\rightarrowϕϕ)\times\text{Br}^2(ϕ\rightarrow b\bar{b})$ ($κ_{V}$ denotes the $hVV(V=W,Z)$ coupling strength relative to the SM value) to a few percent level ($95\%$ CLs). With $1\,ab^{-1}$ luminosity $C_{4b}^2$ at a few per mille level can be probed. These sensitivities are much better than the HL-LHC performance and demonstrate the important role expected to be played by the LHeC in probing exotic Higgs decay processes, in addition to the already proposed invisible Higgs decay channel.
In this paper, we combine the $ν$-Two-Higgs-Doublet-Model ($ν$THDM) with the inverse seesaw mechanisms. In this model, the Yukawa couplings involving the sterile neutrinos and the exotic Higgs bosons can be of order one in the case of a large $\tan β$. We calculated the corrections to the Z-resonance parameters $R_{l_i}$, $A_{l_i}$, $N_ν$, together with the $l_1 \rightarrow l_2 γ$ branching ratios, and the muon anomalous $g-2$. Compared with the current bounds and plans for the future colliders, we find that the corrections to the electroweak parameters can be contrained or discovered in much of the parameter space.
We propose a {\em model-independent} method to test CP-violation in the scalar sector through measuring the inclusive cross sections of $e^+e^-\rightarrow Zh_1,Zh_2,h_1h_2$ processes with the recoil mass technique, where $h_1, h_2$ stand for the 125 GeV standard model (SM) like Higgs boson and a new lighter scalar respectively. This method effectively measures a quantity $K$ proportional to the product of the three couplings of $h_1ZZ,h_2ZZ,h_1h_2Z$ vertices. The value of $K$ encodes a part of information about CP-violation in the scalar sector. We simulate the signal and backgrounds for the processes mentioned above with $m_{2}=40\textrm{GeV}$ at the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) with the integrated luminosity $5\textrm{ab}^{-1}$. We find that the discovery of both $Zh_2$ and $h_1h_2$ processes at $5σ$ level will indicate an $\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ $K$ value which can be measured to $16\%$ precision. The method is applied to the weakly-coupled Lee model in which CP-violation can be tested either before or after utilizing a "$p_T$ balance" cut (see \autoref{simu} for the definition). Lastly we point out that $K\neq 0$ is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the existence of CP-violation in the scalar sector, namely $K = 0$ does not imply CP conservation in the scalar sector.
In this paper, we calculate the relic abundance of the dark matter particles when they can annihilate into sterile neutrinos with the mass $\lesssim 100 \text{ GeV}$ in a simple model. Unlike the usual standard calculations, the sterile neutrino may fall out of the thermal equilibrium with the thermal bath before the dark matter freezes out. In such a case, if the Yukawa coupling $y_N$ between the Higgs and the sterile neutrino is small, this process gives rise to a larger $Ω_{\text{DM}} h^2$ so we need a larger coupling between the dark matter and the sterile neutrino for a correct relic abundance.
Based on the weakly-coupled two-Higgs-doublet model with spontaneous CP-violation (named Lee model) and the mechanism to generate the correlation between smallness of CP-violation and lightness of scalar mass, as we proposed earlier, we predicted a light CP-mixing scalar $η$ in which pseudoscalar component is dominant. It is a natural scenario in which $m_η\sim\mathcal{O}(10\textrm{GeV})\ll v$. Masses of all other scalars ($h$, $H$, $H^\pm$) should be around the electro-weak scale $v$. Among them, the 125 GeV Higgs ($h$) couplings are standard-model like, and the charged Higgs ($H^\pm$) mass should be around the heaviest neutral scalar ($H$) mass. We discussed all experimental constraints and showed that this scenario is still allowed by data. The strictest constraints come from the experiments of the flavor-changing processes and the EDM of lepton and neutron. We also discussed the future tests for this scenario. It is possible to discover the extra scalars or exclude this scenario at future colliders, especially at the LHC and $e^+e^-$ colliders with $\mathcal{O}(\textrm{ab}^{-1})$ luminosity. We also pointed out that the $Z$-mediated Higgs pair production via $e^+e^-\rightarrow h_ih_j$ ($h_i, h_j$ stand for two of the $η, h, H$) would be the key observable to confirm or exclude CP-violation in Higgs sector. The sensitivity to test this scenario is worth further studying in greater detail.
We investigate the parameter space of a model which extends next to minimal supersymmetric standard model (NMSSM) with the vectorlike (VL) particles. We find that the $10+\overline{10}$ model can explain the possible diphoton excess recently revealed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, although the predicted signal strength is a little smaller than the observed one.
In this paper, we discuss the MSSM extended with one vector-like lepton doublets $L$-$\overline{L}$ and one right-handed neutrino $N$. The neutral vecotor-like sneutrino can be a candidate of dark matter. In order to avoid the interaction with the necleons by exchanging a $Z$-boson, the mass splitting between the real part and the imaginary part of the sneutrino field is needed. Compared with the MSSM sneutrino dark matter, the mass splitting between the vector-like sneutrino field can be more naturally acquired without large A-terms and constraints on the neutralino masses. We have also calculated the relic density and the elastic scattering cross sections with the neucleons in the cases that the dark matter particles coannihilate with or without the MSSM slepton doublets. The elastic scattering cross sections with the neucleons are well below the LUX bounds. In the case that the dark matter coannihilate with all the MSSM slepton doublets, the mass of the dark matter can be as light as 370 GeV.
We investigate the possibility of probing the CP-violating $h\bar{t}t$ coupling in the process $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow h γ$ at the future high luminosity $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders. Our numerical results show that the cross section for this process can be significantly increased for the allowed CP phase $ξ$ and center of mass energy. For example the cross section is about 6 times of that in the standard model (SM) for $\sqrt{s}=350~\mathrm{GeV}$ and $ξ=3π/5$ (see text for $ξ$ definition). The simulation for the signal process $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow h γ\rightarrow b \bar{b}γ$ and its backgrounds shows that the signal significance can reach more than $4.8σ$ and $2.3σ$ for $\sqrt{s}=350~\mathrm{GeV},\ 500~\mathrm{GeV}$ respectively, with the integrated luminosity $\mathcal{L}=3~\text{ab}^{-1}$ and $ξ\in[π/2,3π/5]$. For $\mathcal{L}=10~\text{ab}^{-1}$, the signal significance can be greater than 5 for $\sqrt{s}=350~\mathrm{GeV}$ and 3.9 for $\sqrt{s}=500~\mathrm{GeV}$ with the CP phase $ξ\in[π/2,3π/5]$. Besides the cross section enhancement, the CP-violating $h\bar{t}t$ coupling will induce the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{FB}$ which is absent in the SM and is a clear signal of new CP violation. Compared with the $A_{FB}$ in the Higgs decay $h\rightarrow l^{+}l^{-}γ$, the $A_{FB}$ can be greatly enhanced in the production process. For example $A_{FB}$ can reach 0.5 for $\cosξ\simeq 0.7$ and $\sqrt{s}=500~\mathrm{GeV}$. Due to the large backgrounds, the significance of the expected $A_{FB}$ can only be observed at $1.7σ$ with $\mathcal{L}=10~\text{ab}^{-1}$ and $\sqrt{s}=500~\mathrm{GeV}$. It is essential to trigger the single photon in the final state to separate the bottom jets arising from scalar or vector bosons, in order to isolate the signal from the backgrounds more efficiently.
In this paper, we will discuss a specific case that the dark matter particles annihilate into right-handed neutrinos. We calculate the predicted gamma-ray excess from the galactic center and compare our results with the data from the Fermi-LAT. An approximately 10-60 GeV right-handed neutrino with heavier dark matter particle can perfectly explain the observed spectrum. The annihilation cross section $\langle σv \rangle$ falls within the range $0.5$-$4 \times 10^{-26} \text{ cm}^3/\text{s}$, which is roughly compatible with the WIMP annihilation cross section.
We propose a mechanism in which the lightness of Higgs boson and the smallness of CP-violation are correlated based on the Lee model, namely the spontaneous CP-violation two-Higgs-doublet-model. In this model, the mass of the lightest Higgs boson $m_h$ as well as the quantities $K$ and $J$ are $\propto t_βs_ξ$ in the limit $t_βs_ξ\rightarrow0$ (see text for definitions of $t_β$ and $ξ$), namely the CP conservation limit. Here $K$ and $J$ are the measures for CP-violation effects in scalar and Yukawa sectors respectively. It is a new way to understand why the Higgs boson discovered at the LHC is light. We investigated the important constraints from both high energy LHC data and numerous low energy experiments, especially the measurements of EDMs of electron and neutron as well as the quantities of B-meson and kaon. Confronting all data, we found that this model is still viable. It should be emphasized that there is no standard-model limit for this scenario, thus it is always testable for future experiments. In order to pin down Lee model, it is important to discover the extra neutral and charged Higgs bosons and measure their CP properties and the flavor-changing decays. At the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=14\textrm{TeV}$, this scenario is favored if there is significant suppression in the $b\bar{b}$ decay channel or any vector boson fusion (VBF), V+H production channels. On the contrary, it will be disfavored if the signal strengths are standard-model-like more and more. It can be easily excluded at $(3\sim5)σ$ level with several $\textrm{fb}^{-1}$ at future $e^+e^-$ colliders, via the accurately measuring the Higgs boson production cross sections.