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Shuichiro Funatsu

Publications and source records attributed to Shuichiro Funatsu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Origin of CKM matrix and natural FCNC suppression in gauge-Higgs unification

In the $SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification in the Randall-Sundrum warped space the mixing in the $W$ couplings in the quark sector is induced by masses of $SO(5)$ singlet fermions which are responsible for splitting masses of down-type quarks from those of up-type quarks in each generation. We show that the observed Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix in the $W$ couplings is reproduced within experimental errors. Further flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) in the quark sector are shown to be naturally suppressed.

hep-ph

$W$ and $Z$ Boson Pair Production at Electron-Positron Colliders in Gauge-Higgs Unification

We examine $W$ and $Z$ boson pair production processes at electron-positron collider experiments in the $SU(3)_C\times SO(5)_W\times U(1)_X$ gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) model. We find that the deviation of the total cross section for the $e^-e^+\to W^-W^+$ process from the Standard Model (SM) in the GHU model with parameter sets, which are consistent with the current experiments, is about 0.5% to 1.5% and 0.6% to 2.2% for $\sqrt{s}=250$GeV and 500GeV, respectively, depending on the initial electron and positron polarization. We find that for the $e^-e^+\to ZZ$ process the deviation from the SM in the GHU model is at most 1%. We find that unitality bound for the $e^-e^+\to W^-W^+$ process is satisfied in the GHU model as in the SM, as a consequence of the relationship among coupling constants.

hep-ph

$W$ boson mass in gauge-Higgs unification

The $W$ boson mass $m_W$ in the GUT inspired $SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) warped space is evaluated. The muon decay $\mu^- \rightarrow e^- \bar{\nu}_e \nu_\mu$ proceeds by the exchange of not only the zero mode of the $W$ boson $(W^{(0)}$) but also Kaluza-Klein (KK) excited modes $W^{(n)}$ and $W_R^{(n)}$ ($n \ge 1$) at the tree level. The anti-de Sitter curvature of the RS space also affects the relationship among the gauge couplings and the ratio of $m_W$ to the $Z$ boson mass $m_Z$. The $W$ couplings of leptons and quarks also change. With the given KK mass scale $m_{\rm KK}$ the range of the Aharonov-Bohm phase $\theta_H$ in the fifth dimension is constrained. For $m_{\rm KK} = 13\,$TeV, $0.085 \lesssim \theta_H \lesssim 0.11$ and $80.381\,{\rm GeV} \lesssim m_W \lesssim 80.407\,{\rm GeV}$. The predicted value of $m_W$ for $13\, {\rm TeV} \le m_{\rm KK} \le 20\, {\rm TeV}$ lies between $m_W^{\rm SM} = 80.354 \pm 0.007\,$GeV in the standard model and $m_W^{\rm CDF} = 80.4335 \pm 0.0094\,$GeV, the value reported by the CDF collaboration in 2022.

hep-ph

Single Higgs Boson Production at Electron-Positron Colliders in Gauge-Higgs Unification

We examine contributions to single Higgs boson production processes via $Z'$ and $W'$ bosons in the $SU(3)_C\times SO(5)_W\times U(1)_X$ gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) model. In particular, we analyze the cross sections of three single Higgs boson production processes $e^-e^+\to Zh$, $e^-e^+\to ν\barνh$, and $e^-e^+\to e^-e^+h$ in the SM and the GHU model. For the Higgs strahlung process $e^-e^+\to Zh$, we show that for a parameter region satisfying the current experimental constraints, a maximum deviation from the SM is about up to 6% for the center-of-mass energy of the initial electron and positron $\sqrt{s}=250$ GeV and that from the SM is about up to 20% for $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV, depending on the initial polarization of electron and positron. The deviation from the SM is monotonically increasing with respect to $\sqrt{s}$ for $\sqrt{s}\lesssim 1$ TeV. By using the Higgs strahlung process, it is possible to explore up to the region of tens of TeV in terms of the Kaluza-Klein (KK) mass. We also show that the sign of the bulk mass of a lepton multiplet in the GHU model can be determined by examining the deviation of the left-right symmetry of the $e^-e^+\to Zh$ process from the SM. The contributions to the cross sections of the $e^-e^+\to ν\barνh$ and $e^-e^+\to e^-e^+h$ processes via the $Z'$ and $W'$ bosons are relatively small compared to that for $e^-e^+\to Zh$ at least for $\sqrt{s}\leq 1$ TeV. As is the same as in the SM, the $e^-e^+\toν\barνh$ process gives a main contribution to the single Higgs boson production processes for $\sqrt{s}\gtrsim 500$ GeV, but large deviations from the SM are only observed on energy scales close to the masses of the first KK gauge bosons or higher.

hep-ph

Coupling Sum Rules and Oblique Corrections in Gauge-Higgs Unification

In GUT inspired $SO(5) \times U(1)_X \times SU(3)_C$ gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) in the Randall-Sundrum warped spacetime, the $W$ and $Z$ couplings of all 4D fermion modes become nontrivial. The $W$ and $Z$ couplings of zero-mode quarks and leptons slightly deviate from those in the SM, and the couplings take the matrix form in the space of Kaluza-Klein (KK) states. In particular, the 4D couplings and mass spectra in the KK states depend on the Aharonov-Bohm phase $ \theta_H$ in the fifth dimension. Nevertheless there emerge three astonishing sum rules among those coupling matrices, which guarantees the finiteness of certain combinations of corrections to vacuum polarization tensors. We confirm by numerical evaluation that the equality in the sum rules holds with 5 to 7 digits accuracy. Based on the sum rules we propose improved oblique parameters in GHU. Oblique corrections due to fermion 1-loop diagrams are found to be small.

hep-ph

Rare top-quark decays $t \to cg(g)$ in the aligned two-Higgs-doublet model

We update the Standard Model (SM) predictions for the branching ratios of the rare top-quark decays $t \to cg(g)$, and evaluate the maximum rates that can be reached in the aligned as well as in the four conventional two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs) with $\mathcal{Z}_2$ symmetries. Taking into account the relevant constraints on the model parameters resulting from a global fit obtained at the $95.5\%$ confidence level, we find that the branching ratios of $t \to cg$ and $t \to cgg$ decays can reach up to $3.36\times 10^{-9}$ and $2.95\times 10^{-9}$ respectively, being therefore of the same order, in the aligned 2HDM (A2HDM). This is obviously different from the SM case, where the predicted branching ratio of the three-body decay $t \to cgg$ is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of the two-body decay $t \to cg$. On the other hand, compared with the SM predictions, no significant enhancements are observed in the four conventional 2HDMs with $\mathcal{Z}_2$ symmetries for the branching ratios of these two decays. Nevertheless, the predicted branching ratios of $t \to cg$ and $t \to cgg$ decays in the A2HDM are still out of the expected sensitivities of the future high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider and the Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode.

hep-ph

Bhabha scattering in the gauge-Higgs unification

We examine effects of $Z'$ bosons in gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) models at $\mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-}\to \mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-}$ Bhabha scatterings. We evaluate differential cross sections in Bhabha scatterings including $Z'$ bosons in two types of $\mathrm{SO}(5) \times \mathrm{U}(1) \times \mathrm{SU}(3)$ GHU models. We find that deviations of differential cross sections in the GHU models from those in the SM can be seen at $\sqrt{s} = 250\,\mathrm{GeV}$. With $80\%$-longitudinally polarized electron and $30\%$-longitudinally polarized positron beams, the left-right asymmetries in the GHU A- and B-models are resolved at more than $3\,σ$ at $L_{\rm int} =250\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. We also show that Bhabha scattering with scattering angle less than 100 mrad can be safely used as luminosity measurements in $\mathrm{e}^{+}\mathrm{e}^{-}$ colliders since the effects of $Z'$ bosons are well suppressed for small scattering angle. We propose a new observable which can be measured at future TeV-scale $\mathrm{e}^{+} \mathrm{e}^{-}$ linear colliders.

hep-ph

Signals of $W'$ and $Z'$ bosons at the LHC in the $SU(3) \times SO(5) \times U(1)$ gauge-Higgs unification

The $pp\to \{W, W'\} \to lν$ and $pp\to \{γ, Z, Z'\} \to l^+l^-$ ($l=e,μ$) processes in the $SU(3)_C\times SO(5)\times U(1)_X$ gauge-Higgs unification (GHU) models are studied, where $W'$ and $Z'$ bosons are Kaluza-Klein (KK) exited states of the electroweak gauge bosons. From the experimental data collected at the Large Hadron Collider, constraints on the KK mass scale and the Aharonov-Bohm phase are obtained. One can explore the KK mass scale in the GUT inspired GHU model up to 18 TeV for the luminosity 300 fb$^{-1}$ and 22 TeV for the luminosity 3000 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV.

hep-ph

Anomaly flow by an Aharonov-Bohm phase

In gauge-Higgs unification (GHU), gauge symmetry is dynamically broken by an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase, $θ_H$, in the fifth dimension. We analyze $SU(2)$ GHU with an $SU(2)$ doublet fermion in flat $M^4 \times (S^1/Z_2)$ spacetime and in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) warped space. With orbifold boundary conditions the $U(1)$ part of gauge symmetry remains unbroken at $θ_H = 0$ and $π$. The fermion multiplet has chiral zero modes at $θ_H = 0$, which become massive at $θ_H = π$. In other words chiral fermions are transformed to vectorlike fermions by the AB phase $θ_H$. Chiral anomaly at $θ_H = 0$ continuously varies as $θ_H$ and vanishes at $θ_H=π$. We demonstrate this intriguing phenomenon in the RS space in which there occurs no level crossing in the mass spectrum and everything varies smoothly. The flat spacetime limit is singular as the AdS curvature of the RS space diminishes, and reproduces the result in the flat spacetime. Anomalies appear for various combinations of Kaluza-Klein excitation modes of gauge fields as well. Although the magnitude of anomalies depends on $θ_{H}$ and the warp factor of the RS space, it does not depend on the bulk mass parameter of the fermion field controlling its mass and wave function at general $θ_H$.

hep-ph

Electroweak and Left-Right Phase Transitions in $SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ Gauge-Higgs Unification

The electroweak phase transition in GUT inspired $SO(5)\times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification is shown to be weakly first order and occurs at $T = T_c^{\rm EW} \sim 163\,$GeV, which is very similar to the behavior in the standard model in perturbation theory. A new phase appears at higher temperatures. $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ ($θ_H=0$) and $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{Y'}$ ($θ_H=π$) phases become almost degenerate above $T \sim m_{\rm KK}$ where $m_{\rm KK}$ is the Kaluza-Klein mass scale typically around 13$\,$TeV and $θ_H$ is the Aharonov-Bohm phase along the fifth dimension. The two phases become degenerate at $T = T_c^{\rm LR} \sim m_{\rm KK}$. As the temperature drops in the evolution of the early Universe the $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{Y'}$ phase becomes unstable. The tunneling rate from the $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{Y'}$ phase to the $SU(2)_L \times U(1)_Y$ phase becomes sizable and a first-order phase transition takes place at $T=2.5 \sim 2.6\,$TeV. The amount of gravitational waves produced in this left-right phase transition is small, far below the reach of the sensitivity of Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). A detailed analysis of the $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{Y'}$ phase is also given. It is shown that the $W$ boson, $Z$ boson and photon, with $θ_H$ varying from 0 to $π$, are transformed to gauge bosons in the $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{Y'}$ phase. Gauge couplings and wave functions of quarks, leptons and dark fermions in the $SU(2)_R \times U(1)_{Y'}$ phase are determined.

hep-ph

Linear Collider Signals of $Z'$ Bosons in GUT Inspired Gauge-Higgs Unification

In gauge-Higgs unification (GHU), the 4D Higgs boson appears as a part of the fifth dimensional component of 5D gauge field. Recently, an $SO(11)$ GUT inspired $SO(5)\times U(1)\times SU(3)$ GHU model has been proposed. In the GHU, Kaluza-Klein (KK) excited states of neutral vector bosons, photon, $Z$ boson and $Z_R$ boson, appear as neutral massive vector bosons $Z'$s. The $Z'$ bosons in the GHU couple to quarks and leptons with large parity violation, which leads to distinctive polarization dependence in, e.g., cross sections and forward-backward asymmetries in $e^-e^+\toμ^-μ^+,q\bar{q}$ processes. In the talk, we discuss fermion pair production in $e^-e^+$ linear collider experiments with polarized $e^-$ and $e^+$ beams in the GUT inspired GHU. Deviations from the SM are shown in the early stage of planned international linear collider (ILC) with 250 GeV experiments. The deviations can be tested for the KK mass scale up to about 15 TeV. This talk is mainly based on Phys.Rev.D102(2020)015029.

hep-ph

Fermion pair production at $e^- e^+$ linear collider experiments in GUT inspired gauge-Higgs unification

Fermion pair production at $e^-e^+$ linear collider experiments with polarized $e^-$ and $e^+$ beams is examined in the GUT inspired $SO(5)\times U(1)\times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification. There arises large parity violation in the couplings of leptons and quarks to Kaluza-Klein (KK) excited neutral vector bosons $Z'$s, which leads to distinctive polarization dependence in cross sections, forward-backward asymmetries, left-right asymmetries, and left-right forward-backward asymmetries in various processes. Those effects are detectable even for the KK mass scale up to about 15 TeV at future $e^-e^+$ linear collider experiments with energies 250$\,$GeV to 1$\,$TeV.

hep-ph

The effective potential and universality in GUT inspired gauge-Higgs unification

The effective potential for the Aharonov-Bohm phase $θ_H$ in the fifth dimension in GUT inspired $SO(5)\times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification is evaluated to show that dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking takes place with $θ_H \not= 0$, the 4D Higgs boson mass 125$\,$GeV being generated at the quantum level. The cubic and quartic self-couplings $(λ_3, λ_4)$ of the Higgs boson are found to satisfy universal relations, i.e. they are determined, to high accuracy, solely by $θ_H$, irrespective of values of other parameters in the model. For $θ_H=0.1$ ($0.15$), $λ_3$ and $λ_4$ are smaller than those in the standard model by 7.7% (8.1%) and 30% (32%), respectively.

hep-ph

CKM matrix and FCNC suppression in $SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification

The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) mixing matrix and flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNC's) in the quark sector are examined in the GUT inspired $SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification in which the 4D Higgs boson is identified with the Aharonov-Bohm phase in the fifth dimension. Gauge invariant brane interactions play an important role for the flavor mixing in the charged-current weak interactions. The CKM matrix is reproduced except that the up quark mass needs to be larger than the observed one. FCNC's are naturally suppressed as a consequence of the gauge invariance, with a factor of order $10^{-6}$. It is also shown that induced flavor-changing Yukawa couplings are extremely small.

hep-ph

Forward-backward asymmetry in the gauge-Higgs unification at the International Linear Collider

The signals of the SO(5) \times U(1) gauge-Higgs unification model at the International Linear Collider are studied. In this model, Kaluza-Klein modes of the neutral gauge bosons affect fermion pair productions. The deviations of the forward-backward asymmetries of the $e^+e^-\to \bar{b}b$, $\bar{t}t$ processes from the standard model predictions are clearly seen by using polarised beams. The deviations of these values are predicted for two cases, the bulk mass parameters of quarks are positive and negative case.

hep-ph

GUT inspired $SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification

$SO(5) \times U(1) \times SU(3)$ gauge-Higgs unification model inspired by $SO(11)$ gauge-Higgs grand unification is constructed in the Randall-Sundrum warped space. The 4D Higgs boson is identified with the Aharonov-Bohm phase in the fifth dimension. Fermion multiplets are introduced in the bulk in the spinor, vector and singlet representations of $SO(5)$ such that they are implemented in the spinor and vector representations of $SO(11)$. The mass spectrum of quarks and leptons in three generations is reproduced except for the down quark mass. The small neutrino masses are explained by the gauge-Higgs seesaw mechanism which takes the same form as in the inverse seesaw mechanism in grand unified theories in four dimensions.

hep-ph

Distinct signals of the gauge-Higgs unification in $e^+e^-$ collider experiments

Effects of Kaluza-Klein excited neutral vector bosons ($Z'$ bosons) in the gauge-Higgs unification on $e^+e^- \to \bar{q}q, \ell^+\ell^-$ cross sections are studied, particularly in future $e^+ e^-$ collider experiments with polarized beams. Significant deviations in the energy and polarization dependence in $σ(μ^+μ^-)$, the lepton forward-backward asymmetry, $R_b(μ) \equiv σ(\bar{b}b)/σ(μ^+μ^-)$ and the left-right asymmetry from the standard model are predicted.

hep-ph

Collider signals of $W'$ and $Z'$ bosons in the gauge-Higgs unification

In the $SO(5)\times U(1)$ gauge-Higgs unification (GHU), Kaluza-Klein (KK) excited states of charged and neutral vector bosons, $W^{(1)}$, $W_R^{(1)}$, $Z^{(1)}$, $γ^{(1)}$ and $Z_R^{(1)}$, can be observed as $W'$ and $Z'$ signals in collider experiments. In this paper we evaluate the decay rates of the $W'$ and $Z'$, and $s$-channel cross sections mediated by $W'$ and $Z'$ bosons with final states involving the standard model (SM) fermion pair ($\ell ν$, $\ell\bar{\ell}$, $q\bar{q}'$), $WH$, $ZH$, $WW$ and $WZ$. $W'$ and $Z'$ resonances appear around 6.0 TeV (8.5 TeV) for $θ_H=0.115$ (0.0737) where $θ_H$ is the Aharonov-Bohm phase in the fifth dimension in GHU. For decay rates we find $Γ(W'\to WH) \simeq Γ(W'\to WZ)$ ($W'=W^{(1)}$, $W_R^{(1)}$), $Γ(W^{(1)}\to WH,WZ) \simΓ(W_R^{(1)}\to WH,WZ)$, $Γ(Z^{(1)}\to ZH) \simeq\sum_{Z'=Z^{(1)},γ^{(1)}}Γ(Z'\to WW)$, and $Γ(Z_R^{(1)}\to ZH) \simeq Γ(Z_R^{(1)}\to WW)$. $W'$ and $Z'$ signals of GHU can be best found at the LHC experiment in the processes $pp\to W' (Z')+X$ followed by $W'\to t\bar{b}$, $WH$, and $Z'\to e^+ e^-$, $μ^+μ^-, ZH$. For the lighter $Z'$ ($θ_H = 0.115$) case, with forthcoming 30 fb$^{-1}$ data of the 13 TeV LHC experiment we expect about ten $μ^+μ^-$ events for the invariant mass range 3 to 7 TeV, though the number of the events becomes much smaller when $θ_H=0.0737$. In the process with $WZ$ in the final state, it is confirmed that the unitarity is preserved, provided that all KK excited intermediate states are taken into account. Deviation of the $WWZ$ coupling from the SM is very tiny. Exotic partners $t_T^{(1)}$ and $b_Y^{(1)}$ of the top and bottom quarks with electric charge $+5/3$ and $-4/3$ have mass $M_{t_T^{(1)},b_Y^{(1)}}\simeq 4-5$ TeV, becoming the lightest non-SM particles in GHU which can be singly produced in collider experiments.

hep-ph