Probabilistic Symbol-Level Precoding based Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing Transmission
Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) has recently gained significant attention due to its robustness against time-frequency doubly selective channel fading. However, the high computational complexity at the receiver poses a critical challenge for practical deployment. To overcome this issue, we propose a probabilistic symbol-level precoding (SLP)-based AFDM transmission framework, in which the processing burden in downlink transmission is shifted from the user to the base station (BS), enabling direct symbol detection without channel estimation or equalization at the receiver. In the proposed framework, the BS exploits the uplink channel state information (CSI) to design the downlink transmit waveform based on uplink-downlink channel reciprocity. In particular, we innovatively introduce a probabilistic SLP technology by explicitly characterizing the likelihood of symbol detection errors under noise perturbations. Specifically, the transmitted symbols are optimized to minimize the likelihood that the received symbols fall into erroneous decision regions, where the resulting error-probability minimization problem is subsequently approximated as a second order cone programming (SOCP) problem by exploiting the monotonicity of the objective function. Simulation results show that the proposed probabilistic SLP-based scheme achieves performance comparable to that of conventional AFDM receivers, whilst enjoying significant reduction of computational complexity at the receiver end. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and practical potential of the proposed approach.