arXiv subjects

Siwei Liu

Publications and source records attributed to Siwei Liu.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2024

A Robbins--Monro Sequence That Can Exploit Prior Information For Faster Convergence

We propose a new method to improve the convergence speed of the Robbins-Monro algorithm by introducing prior information about the target point into the Robbins-Monro iteration. We achieve the incorporation of prior information without the need of a -- potentially wrong -- regression model, which would also entail additional constraints. We show that this prior-information Robbins-Monro sequence is convergent for a wide range of prior distributions, even wrong ones, such as Gaussian, weighted sum of Gaussians, e.g., in a kernel density estimate, as well as bounded arbitrary distribution functions greater than zero. We furthermore analyse the sequence numerically to understand its performance and the influence of parameters. The results demonstrate that the prior-information Robbins-Monro sequence converges faster than the standard one, especially during the first steps, which are particularly important for applications where the number of function measurements is limited, and when the noise of observing the underlying function is large. We finally propose a rule to select the parameters of the sequence.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2023

A Social-aware Gaussian Pre-trained Model for Effective Cold-start Recommendation

The use of pre-training is an emerging technique to enhance a neural model's performance, which has been shown to be effective for many neural language models such as BERT. This technique has also been used to enhance the performance of recommender systems. In such recommender systems, pre-training models are used to learn a better initialisation for both users and items. However, recent existing pre-trained recommender systems tend to only incorporate the user interaction data at the pre-training stage, making it difficult to deliver good recommendations, especially when the interaction data is sparse. To alleviate this common data sparsity issue, we propose to pre-train the recommendation model not only with the interaction data but also with other available information such as the social relations among users, thereby providing the recommender system with a better initialisation compared with solely relying on the user interaction data. We propose a novel recommendation model, the Social-aware Gaussian Pre-trained model (SGP), which encodes the user social relations and interaction data at the pre-training stage in a Graph Neural Network (GNN). Afterwards, in the subsequent fine-tuning stage, our SGP model adopts a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to factorise these pre-trained embeddings for further training, thereby benefiting the cold-start users from these pre-built social relations. Our extensive experiments on three public datasets show that, in comparison to 16 competitive baselines, our SGP model significantly outperforms the best baseline by upto 7.7% in terms of NDCG@10. In addition, we show that SGP permits to effectively alleviate the cold-start problem, especially when users newly register to the system through their friends' suggestions.

cs.IR↗

arXiv2022

Kähler Finsler manifolds with curvatures bounded from below

We obtain a partial parallelism of the complex structure on Kähler Finsler manifolds. As applications, we prove Synge-Tsukamoto theorem and Bonnet-Myers theorem for positively curved Kähler Finsler manifolds. Moreover, we generalize a comparison theorem due to Ni-Zheng by introducing the notion of orthogonal Ricci curvature to Kähler Finsler geometry.

math.DG↗

arXiv2021

Graph Neural Pre-training for Enhancing Recommendations using Side Information

Leveraging the side information associated with entities (i.e. users and items) to enhance the performance of recommendation systems has been widely recognized as an important modelling dimension. While many existing approaches focus on the integration scheme to incorporate entity side information -- by combining the recommendation loss function with an extra side information-aware loss -- in this paper, we propose instead a novel pre-training scheme for leveraging the side information. In particular, we first pre-train a representation model using the side information of the entities, and then fine-tune it using an existing general representation-based recommendation model. Specifically, we propose two pre-training models, named GCN-P and COM-P, by considering the entities and their relations constructed from side information as two different types of graphs respectively, to pre-train entity embeddings. For the GCN-P model, two single-relational graphs are constructed from all the users' and items' side information respectively, to pre-train entity representations by using the Graph Convolutional Networks. For the COM-P model, two multi-relational graphs are constructed to pre-train the entity representations by using the Composition-based Graph Convolutional Networks. An extensive evaluation of our pre-training models fine-tuned under four general representation-based recommender models, i.e. MF, NCF, NGCF and LightGCN, shows that effectively pre-training embeddings with both the user's and item's side information can significantly improve these original models in terms of both effectiveness and stability.

cs.IR↗

arXiv2021

BPLF: A Bi-Parallel Linear Flow Model for Facial Expression Generation from Emotion Set Images

The flow-based generative model is a deep learning generative model, which obtains the ability to generate data by explicitly learning the data distribution. Theoretically its ability to restore data is stronger than other generative models. However, its implementation has many limitations, including limited model design, too many model parameters and tedious calculation. In this paper, a bi-parallel linear flow model for facial emotion generation from emotion set images is constructed, and a series of improvements have been made in terms of the expression ability of the model and the convergence speed in training. The model is mainly composed of several coupling layers superimposed to form a multi-scale structure, in which each coupling layer contains 1*1 reversible convolution and linear operation modules. Furthermore, this paper sorted out the current public data set of facial emotion images, made a new emotion data, and verified the model through this data set. The experimental results show that, under the traditional convolutional neural network, the 3-layer 3*3 convolution kernel is more conducive to extracte the features of the face images. The introduction of principal component decomposition can improve the convergence speed of the model.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2021

An optimized Capsule-LSTM model for facial expression recognition with video sequences

To overcome the limitations of convolutional neural network in the process of facial expression recognition, a facial expression recognition model Capsule-LSTM based on video frame sequence is proposed. This model is composed of three networks includingcapsule encoders, capsule decoders and LSTM network. The capsule encoder extracts the spatial information of facial expressions in video frames. Capsule decoder reconstructs the images to optimize the network. LSTM extracts the temporal information between video frames and analyzes the differences in expression changes between frames. The experimental results from the MMI dataset show that the Capsule-LSTM model proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of video expression recognition.

cs.CV↗