arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Somenath Chakrabarty.
In this article we have solved an hypothetical problem related to the stability and gross properties of two dimensional self-gravitating stellar objects using Thomas-Fermi model. The formalism presented here is an extension of the standard three-dimensional problem discussed in the book on statistical physics, Part-I by Landau and Lifshitz.
In this article we have extended the original work of Chandrasekhar on the structure of white dwarfs to the two-dimensional case. Although such two-dimensional stellar objects are hypothetical in nature, we strongly believe that the work presented in this article may be prescribed as Master of Science level class problem for the students in physics.
Formalisms for both non-relativistic as well as relativistic versions of field emission of electrons in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field, relevant for strongly magnetized neutron stars or magnetars are developed. In the non-relativistic scenario, where electrons obey Schr{$\ddot{\rm{o}}$}dinger equation, we have noticed that when Landau levels are populated for electrons in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field the transmission probability exactly vanishes unless the electrons are spin polarized in the opposite direction to the external magnetic field. On the other hand, the cold electron emission under the influence of strong electrostatic field at the poles is totally forbidden from the surface of those compact objects for which the surface magnetic field strength is $\gg 10^{15}$G (in the eventuality that they may exist). Whereas in the relativistic case, where the electrons obey Dirac equation, the presence of strong quantizing magnetic field completely forbids the emission of electrons from the surface of compact objects if $B >10^{13}$G.
Following an extremely interesting idea \cite{R1}, published long ago, the work function associated with the emission of ultra-relativistic electrons from magnetically deformed metallic crystal of astrophysical relevance is obtained using relativistic version of Thomas-Fermi type model. In the present scenario, surprisingly, the work function becomes anisotropic; the longitudinal part is an increasing function of magnetic field strength, whereas the transverse part diverges.
We have studied various physical properties of magnetically deformed atoms and the associated matter, replacing the atoms by the deformed Wigner-Seitz (WS) cells at the crustal region of strongly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars). A relativistic version of Thomas-Fermi (TF) model in presence of strong magnetic field in cylindrical coordinates is used to study the properties of such matter.
A relativistic version of cold emission of electrons in presence of strong magnetic field, relevant for strongly magnetized neutron stars is obtained. It is found that in this scenario, a scalar type potential barrier does not allow quantum tunneling through the surface. Whereas, in presence of a vector type surface barrier, the probability of electron emission is much larger compared to the original Fowler-Nordheim cold emission of electrons. It is found that the relativistic version in presence of strong magnetic field does not follow exponential decay.
We have investigated some of the properties of dense sub-nuclear matter at the crustal region (both the outer crust and the inner crust region) of a magnetar. The relativistic version of Thomas-Fermi (TF) model is used in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field for the outer crust matter. The compressed matter in the outer crust, which is a crystal of metallic iron, is replaced by a regular array of spherically symmetric Wigner-Seitz (WS) cells. In the inner crust region, a mixture of iron and heavier neutron rich nuclei along with electrons and free neutrons has been considered. Conventional Harrison-Wheeler (HW) and Bethe-Baym-Pethick (BBP) equation of states are used for the nuclear mass formula. A lot of significant changes in the characteristic properties of dense crustal matter, both at the outer crust and the inner crust, have been observed.
Following an extremely interesting idea \cite{R1}, published long ago, the work function at the outer crust region of a strongly magnetized neutron star is obtained using relativistic version of Thomas-Fermi type model. In the present scenario, the work function becomes anisotropic; the longitudinal part is an increasing function of magnetic field strength, whereas the transverse part diverges. An approximate estimate of the electron density in the magnetosphere due to field emission and photo emission current, from the polar cap region are obtained.
We have studied the various properties of magnetically deformed atoms, replaced by deformed Wigner-Seitz cells, at the outer crust region of strongly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars) using a relativistic version of Thomas-Fermi model in cylindrical coordinates.
We have investigated some of the properties of dense sub-nuclear matter at the crustal region (both the outer crust and the inner crust region) of a magnetar. The relativistic version of Thomas-Fermi (TF) model is used in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field for the outer crust matter. The compressed matter in the outer crust, which is a crystal of metallic iron, is replaced by a regular array of spherically symmetric Wigner-Seitz (WS) cells. In the inner crust region, a mixture of iron and heavier neutron rich nuclei along with electrons and free neutrons has been considered. Conventional Harrison-Wheeler (HW) and Bethe-Baym-Pethick (BBP) equation of states are used for the nuclear mass formula. A lot of significant changes in the characteristic properties of dense crustal matter, both at the outer crust and the inner crust, have been observed.
The effect of strong quantizing magnetic field on the equation of state of matter at the outer crust region of magnetars is studied. The density of such matter is low enough compared to the matter density at the inner crust or outer core region. Based on the relativistic version of semi-classical Thomas-Fermi-Dirac model in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field a formalism is developed to investigate this specific problem. The equation of state of such low density crustal matter is obtained by replacing the compressed atoms/ions by Wigner-Seitz cells with nonuniform electron density. The results are compared with other possible scenarios. The appearance of Thomas-Fermi induced electric charge within each Wigner-Seitz cell is also discussed.
Following some of the recent articles on hole super-conductivity and related phenomena by Hirsch \cite{H1,H2,H3}, a simple model is proposed to explain the observed low surface magnetic field of the expected quark stars. It is argued that the diamagnetic moments of the electrons circulating in the electro-sphere induce a magnetic field, which forces the existing quark star magnetic flux density to become dilute. We have also analysed the instability of normal-superconducting interface due to excess accumulation of magnetic flux lines, assuming an extremely slow growth of superconducting phase through a first order bubble nucleation type transition.
The expulsion of magnetic flux lines from a growing superconducting core of a quark star has been investigated. The idea of impurity diffusion in molten alloys and an identical mechanism of baryon number transport from hot quark-gluon-plasma phase to hadronic phase during quark-hadron phase transition in the early universe, micro-second after big bang has been used. The possibility of Mullins-Sekerka normal-superconducting interface instability has also been studied.
We speculate that the quark matter produced at RHIC, behaves like a perfect fluid may be considered as Landau chromo-diamagnetic material in presence of color magnetic field. We have shown that in such a system the viscosity coefficient can be small enough and in the extreme case of ultra-strong color magnetic field strength, it behaves like a super fluid.
It is shown explicitly that if only the zeroth Landau level is occupied by electrons in strongly magnetized neutron star matter in $β$-equilibrium condition, then both the proton and neutron matter sectors become spin symmetric. Whereas, the study of Pauli para-magnetism of neutron matter sector shows that such a scenario is physically impossible. It is also shown that in dense stellar hadronic matter in $β$-equilibrium in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field, with $σ-ω-ρ$ exchange type mean field interaction and with the inclusion of magnetic dipole moments does not allow electrons to occupy only the zeroth Landau level.
It is shown that in strongly magnetized neutron stars, there exist upper limits of magnetic field strength, beyond which the self energies for both neutron and proton components of neutron star matter become complex in nature. As a consequence they decay within the strong interaction time scale. However, in the ultra-strong magnetic field case, when the zeroth Landau level is only occupied by protons, the system again becomes stable against strong decay.
Using a relativistic version of Landau theory of Fermi liquid with $σ-ω$ and $ρ$ mesons exchange, we have obtained an equation of state for dense neutron star matter in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field. It is found that in this scenario the self energies of both neutron and proton components of dense neutron star matter become complex under certain physical conditions. To be more specific, it is observed that in the exchange diagrams of $σ$, $ω$ and neutral $ρ$ transfer processes and in the direct interaction diagram with $ρ_\pm$ transfer reactions, the nucleon self-energies become complex in nature.
The breaking of chiral symmetry of light quarks at zero temperature in presence of strong quantizing magnetic fiels is studied using Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with Thomas-Fermi type semi-classical formalism. It is found that the dynamically generated light quark mass can never become zero if the Landau levels are populated and the mass increases with the increase of magnetic field strength.