arXiv subjects

Song Shao

Publications and source records attributed to Song Shao.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Minimal systems with finitely many ergodic measures

In this paper it is proved that if a minimal system has the property that its sequence entropy is uniformly bounded for all sequences, then it has only finitely many ergodic measures and is an almost finite to one extension of its maximal equicontinuous factor. This result is obtained as an application of a general criteria which states that if a minimal system is an almost finite to one extension of its maximal equicontinuous factor and has no infinite independent sets of length $k$ for some $k\ge 2$, then it has only finitely many ergodic measures.

math.DS↗

arXiv2019

Regionally proximal relation of order $d$ along arithmetic progressions and nilsystems

The regionally proximal relation of order $d$ along arithmetic progressions, namely ${\bf AP}^{[d]}$ for $d\in \N$, is introduced and investigated. It turns out that if $(X,T)$ is a topological dynamical system with ${\bf AP}^{[d]}=Δ$, then each ergodic measure of $(X,T)$ is isomorphic to a $d$-step pro-nilsystem, and thus $(X,T)$ has zero entropy. Moreover, it is shown that if $(X,T)$ is a strictly ergodic distal system with the property that the maximal topological and measurable $d$-step pro-nilsystems are isomorphic, then ${\bf AP}^{[d]}={\bf RP}^{[d]}$ for each $d\in {\mathbb N}$. It follows that for a minimal $\infty$-pro-nilsystem, ${\bf AP}^{[d]}={\bf RP}^{[d]}$ for each $d\in {\mathbb N}$. An example which is a strictly ergodic distal system with discrete spectrum whose maximal equicontinuous factor is not isomorphic to the Kronecker factor is constructed.

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arXiv2019

Reducing the Sarnak Conjecture to Toeplitz systems

In this paper, we show that for any sequence ${\bf a}=(a_n)_{n\in \Z}\in \{1,\ldots,k\}^\mathbb{Z}$ and any $ε>0$, there exists a Toeplitz sequence ${\bf b}=(b_n)_{n\in \Z}\in \{1,\ldots,k\}^\mathbb{Z}$ such that the entropy $h({\bf b})\leq 2 h({\bf a})$ and $\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{1}{2N+1}\sum_{n=-N}^N|a_n-b_n|<ε$. As an application of this result, we reduce Sarnak Conjecture to Toeplitz systems, that is, if the Möbius function is disjoint from any Toeplitz sequence with zero entropy, then the Sarnak conjecture holds.

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arXiv2019

An answer to Furstenberg's problem on topological disjointness

In this paper we give an answer to Furstenberg's problem on topological disjointness. Namely, we show that a transitive system $(X,T)$ is disjoint from all minimal systems if and only if $(X,T)$ is weakly mixing and there is some countable dense subset $D$ of $X$ such that for any minimal system $(Y,S)$, any point $y\in Y$ and any open neighbourhood $V$ of $y$, and for any nonempty open subset $U\subset X$, there is $x\in D\cap U$ satisfying that $\{n\in{ \mathbb Z}_+: T^nx\in U, S^ny\in V\}$ is syndetic. Some characterization for the general case is also described. As applications we show that if a transitive system $(X,T)$ is disjoint from all minimal systems, then so are $(X^n,T^{(n)})$ and $(X, T^n)$ for any $n\in { \mathbb N}$. It turns out that a transitive system $(X,T)$ is disjoint from all minimal systems if and only if the hyperspace system $(K(X),T_K)$ is disjoint from all minimal systems.

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arXiv2018

Topological characteristic factors along cubes of minimal systems

In this paper we study the topological characteristic factors along cubes of minimal systems. It is shown that up to proximal extensions the pro-nilfactors are the topological characteristic factors along cubes of minimal systems. In particular, for a distal minimal system, the maximal $(d-1)$-step pro-nilfactor is the topological cubic characteristic factor of order $d$.

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arXiv2017

Pointwise convergence of multiple ergodic averages and strictly ergodic models

By building some suitable strictly ergodic models, we prove that for an ergodic system $(X,\mathcal{X},μ, T)$, $d\in{\mathbb N}$, $f_1, \ldots, f_d \in L^{\infty}(μ)$, the averages $$\frac{1}{N^2} \sum_{(n,m)\in [0,N-1]^2} f_1(T^nx)f_2(T^{n+m}x)\ldots f_d(T^{n+(d-1)m}x) $$ converge $μ$ a.e. Deriving some results from the construction, for distal systems we answer positively the question if the multiple ergodic averages converge a.e. That is, we show that if $(X,\mathcal{X},μ, T)$ is an ergodic distal system, and $f_1, \ldots, f_d \in L^{\infty}(μ)$, then multiple ergodic averages $$\frac 1 N\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}f_1(T^nx)\ldots f_d(T^{dn}x) $$ converge $μ$ a.e.

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arXiv2017

Almost sure convergence of the multiple ergodic average for certain weakly mixing systems

The family of pairwise independently determined (PID) systems, i.e. those for which the independent joining is the only self joining with independent 2-marginals, is a class of systems for which the long standing open question by Rokhlin, of whether mixing implies mixing of all orders, has a positive answer. We show that in the class of weakly mixing PID one finds a positive answer for another long-standing open problem, whether the multiple ergodic averages \begin{equation*} \frac 1 N\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}f_1(T^nx)\cdots f_d(T^{dn}x), \quad N\to \infty, \end{equation*} almost surely converge.

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arXiv2017

Uniformly rigid models for rigid actions

In this article we show that any ergodic rigid system can be topologically realized by a uniformly rigid and (topologically) weak mixing topological dynamical system.

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arXiv2016

Topological correspondence of multiple ergodic averages of nilpotent group actions

Let $(X,Γ)$ be a topological system, where $Γ$ is a nilpotent group generated by $T_1,\ldots, T_d$ such that for each $T\in Γ$, $T\neq e_Γ$, $(X,T)$ is weakly mixing and minimal. For $d,k\in \mathbb{N}$, let $p_{i,j}(n), 1\le i\le k, 1\le j\le d$ be polynomials with rational coefficients taking integer values on the integers and $p_{i,j}(0)=0$. We show that if the expressions $g_i(n)=T_1^{p_{i,1}(n)}\cdots T_d^{p_{i,d}(n)}$ depends nontrivially on $n$ for $i=1,2,\cdots,k$, and for all $i\neq j\in \{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ the expressions $g_i(n)g_j(n)^{-1}$ depend nontrivially on $n$, then there is a residual set $X_0$ of $X$ such that for all $x\in X_0$ \begin{equation*} \{(g_1(n)x, g_2(n)x,\ldots, g_k(n)x)\in X^k:n\in \mathbb{Z}\} \end{equation*} is dense in $X^k$.

math.DS↗

arXiv2016

A non-PI minimal system is Li-Yorke sensitive

It is shown that any non-PI minimal system is Li-Yorke sensitive. Consequently, any minimal system with nontrivial weakly mixing factor (such a system is non-PI) is Li-Yorke sensitive, which answers affirmatively an open question by Akin and Kolyada.

math.DS↗

arXiv2015

Sequences from zero entropy noncommutative toral automorphisms and Sarnak Conjecture

In this paper we study $C^*$-algebra version of Sarnak Conjecture for noncommutative toral automorphisms. Let $A_Θ$ be a noncommutative torus and $α_Θ$ be the noncommutative toral automorphism arising from a matrix $S\in GL(d,\mathbb{Z})$. We show that if the Voiculescu-Brown entropy of $α_Θ$ is zero, then the sequence $\{ρ(α_Θ^nu)\}_{n\in \mathbb{Z}}$ is a sum of a nilsequence and a zero-density-sequence, where $u\in A_Θ$ and $ρ$ is any state on $A_Θ$. Then by a result of Green and Tao, this sequence is linearly disjoint from the Möbius function.

math.OA↗

arXiv2014

Weakly mixing, proximal topological models for ergodic systems and applications

In this paper it is shown that every non-periodic ergodic system has two topologically weakly mixing, fully supported models: one is non-minimal but has a dense set of minimal points; and the other one is proximal. Also for independent interests, for a given Kakutani-Rokhlin tower with relatively prime column heights, it is demonstrated how to get a new taller Kakutani-Rokhlin tower with same property, which can be used in Weiss's proof of the Jewett-Krieger's theorem and the proofs of our theorems. Applications of the results are given.

math.DS↗

arXiv2014

Nil Bohr-sets and almost automorphy of higher order

Two closely related topics: higher order Bohr sets and higher order almost automorphy are investigated in this paper. Both of them are related to nilsystems. In the first part, the problem which can be viewed as the higher order version of an old question concerning Bohr sets is studied: for any $d\in {\mathbb N}$ does the collection of $\{n\in {\mathbb Z}: S\cap (S-n)\cap\ldots\cap (S-dn)\neq \emptyset\}$ with $S$ syndetic coincide with that of Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets? It is proved that Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets could be characterized via generalized polynomials, and applying this result one side of the problem is answered affirmatively: for any Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-set $A$, there exists a syndetic set $S$ such that $A\supset \{n\in {\mathbb Z}: S\cap (S-n)\cap\ldots\cap (S-dn)\neq \emptyset\}.$ Moreover, it is shown that the answer of the other side of the problem can be deduced from some result by Bergelson-Host-Kra if modulo a set with zero density. In the second part, the notion of $d$-step almost automorphic systems with $d\in{\mathbb N}\cup\{\infty\}$ is introduced and investigated, which is the generalization of the classical almost automorphic ones. It is worth to mention that some results concerning higher order Bohr sets will be applied to the investigation. For a minimal topological dynamical system $(X,T)$ it is shown that the condition $x\in X$ is $d$-step almost automorphic can be characterized via various subsets of ${\mathbb Z}$ including the dual sets of $d$-step Poincaré and Birkhoff recurrence sets, and Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets. Moreover, it turns out that the condition $(x,y)\in X\times X$ is regionally proximal of order $d$ can also be characterized via various subsets of ${\mathbb Z}$.

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arXiv2013

Strictly ergodic models and the convergence of non-conventional pointwise ergodic averages

The well-known Jewett-Krieger's Theorem states that each ergodic system has a strictly ergodic model. Strengthening the model by requiring that it is strictly ergodic under some group actions, and building the connection of the new model with the convergence of pointwise non-conventional ergodic averages we prove that for an ergodic system $(X,\X,μ, T)$, $d\in\N$, $f_1, \ldots, f_d \in L^{\infty}(μ)$, %and any tempered F{\rm $ø$}lner sequence $F_n$ of $\Z^2$, the averages \begin{equation*} \frac{1}{N^2} \sum_{(n,m)\in F_N} f_1(T^nx)f_2(T^{n+m}x)\ldots f_d(T^{n+(d-1)m}x) \end{equation*} converge $μ$ a.e. We remark that the same method can be used to show the pointwise convergence of ergodic averages along cubes which was firstly proved by Assani and then extended to a general case by Chu and Franzikinakis.

math.DS↗

arXiv2011

Higher order almost automorphy, recurrence sets and the regionally proximal relation

In this paper, $d$-step almost automorphic systems are studied for $d\in\N$, which are the generalization of the classical almost automorphic ones. For a minimal topological dynamical system $(X,T)$ it is shown that the condition $x\in X$ is $d$-step almost automorphic can be characterized via various subsets of $\Z$ including the dual sets of $d$-step Poincaré and Birkhoff recurrence sets, and Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets by considering $N(x,V)=\{n\in\Z: T^nx\in V\}$, where $V$ is an arbitrary neighborhood of $x$. Moreover, it turns out that the condition $(x,y)\in X\times X$ is regionally proximal of order $d$ can also be characterized via various subsets of $\Z$ including $d$-step Poincaré and Birkhoff recurrence sets, $SG_d$ sets, the dual sets of Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets, and others by considering $N(x,U)=\{n\in\Z: T^nx\in U\}$, where $U$ is an arbitrary neighborhood of $y$.

math.DS↗

arXiv2011

Nil Bohr$_0$-sets, Poincaré recurrence and generalized polynomials

The problem which can be viewed as the higher order version of an old question concerning Bohr sets is investigated: for any $d\in \N$ does the collection of $\{n\in \Z: S\cap (S-n)\cap...\cap (S-dn)\neq \emptyset\}$ with $S$ syndetic coincide with that of Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets? In this paper it is proved that Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-sets could be characterized via generalized polynomials, and applying this result one side of the problem could be answered affirmatively: for any Nil$_d$ Bohr$_0$-set $A$, there exists a syndetic set $S$ such that $A\supset \{n\in \Z: S\cap (S-n)\cap...\cap (S-dn)\neq \emptyset\}.$ Note that other side of the problem can be deduced from some result by Bergelson-Host-Kra if modulo a set with zero density. As applications it is shown that the two collections coincide dynamically, i.e. both of them can be used to characterize higher order almost automorphic points.

math.DS↗

arXiv2010

Regionally proximal relation of order d is an equivalence one for minimal systems and a combinatorial consequence

By proving the minimality of face transformations acting on the diagonal points and searching the points allowed in the minimal sets, it is shown that the regionally proximal relation of order $d$, $\RP^{[d]}$, is an equivalence relation for minimal systems. Moreover, the lifting of $\RP^{[d]}$ between two minimal systems is obtained, which implies that the factor induced by $\RP^{[d]}$ is the maximal $d$-step nilfactor. The above results extend the same conclusions proved by Host, Kra and Maass for minimal distal systems. A combinatorial consequence is that if $S$ is a dynamically syndetic subset of $\Z$, then for each $d\ge 1$, $$\{(n_1,\...,n_d)\in \Z^d: n_1\ep_1+... +n_d\ep_d\in S, \ep_i\in \{0,1\}, 1\le i\le d\}$$ is syndetic. In some sense this is the topological correspondence of the result obtained by Host and Kra for positive upper Banach density subsets using ergodic methods.

math.DS↗

arXiv2010

Product recurrent properties, disjointness and weak disjointness

Let $\F$ be a collection of subsets of $\Z_+$ and $(X,T)$ be a dynamical system. $x\in X$ is $\F$-recurrent if for each neighborhood $U$ of $x$, $\{n\in\Z_+:T^n x\in U\}\in \F$. $x$ is $\F$-product recurrent if $(x,y)$ is recurrent for any $\F$-recurrent point $y$ in any dynamical system $(Y,S)$. It is well known that $x$ is $\{infinite\}$-product recurrent if and only if it is minimal and distal. In this paper it is proved that the closure of a $\{syndetic\}$-product recurrent point (i.e. weakly product recurrent point) has a dense minimal points; and a $\{piecewise syndetic\}$-product recurrent point is minimal. Results on product recurrence when the closure of an $\F$-recurrent point has zero entropy are obtained. It is shown that if a transitive system is disjoint from all minimal systems, then each transitive point is weakly product recurrent. Moreover, it proved that each weakly mixing system with dense minimal points is disjoint from all minimal PI systems; and each weakly mixing system with a dense set of distal points or an $\F_s$-independent system is disjoint from all minimal systems. Results on weak disjointness are described when considering disjointness.

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