Sota Nemoto | Searcharxiv

arXiv2026

SciGA: A Comprehensive Dataset for Designing Graphical Abstracts in Academic Papers

Graphical Abstracts (GAs) play a crucial role in visually conveying the key findings of scientific papers. Although recent research increasingly incorporates visual materials such as Figure 1 as de facto GAs, their potential to enhance scientific communication remains largely unexplored. Designing effective GAs requires advanced visualization skills, hindering their widespread adoption. To tackle these challenges, we introduce SciGA-145k, a large-scale dataset comprising approximately 145,000 scientific papers and 1.14 million figures, specifically designed to support GA selection and recommendation, and to facilitate research in automated GA generation. As a preliminary step toward GA design support, we define two tasks: 1) Intra-GA Recommendation, identifying figures within a given paper well-suited as GAs, and 2) Inter-GA Recommendation, retrieving GAs from other papers to inspire new GA designs. Furthermore, we propose Confidence Adjusted top-1 ground truth Ratio (CAR), a novel recommendation metric for fine-grained analysis of model behavior. CAR addresses limitations of traditional rank-based metrics by considering that not only an explicitly labeled GA but also other in-paper figures may plausibly serve as GAs. Benchmark results demonstrate the viability of our tasks and the effectiveness of CAR. Collectively, these establish a foundation for advancing scientific communication within AI for Science.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Majority or Minority: Data Imbalance Learning Method for Named Entity Recognition

Data imbalance presents a significant challenge in various machine learning (ML) tasks, particularly named entity recognition (NER) within natural language processing (NLP). NER exhibits a data imbalance with a long-tail distribution, featuring numerous minority classes (i.e., entity classes) and a single majority class (i.e., O-class). This imbalance leads to misclassifications of the entity classes as the O-class. To tackle this issue, we propose a simple and effective learning method named majority or minority (MoM) learning. MoM learning incorporates the loss computed only for samples whose ground truth is the majority class into the loss of the conventional ML model. Evaluation experiments on four NER datasets (Japanese and English) showed that MoM learning improves prediction performance of the minority classes without sacrificing the performance of the majority class and is more effective than widely known and state-of-the-art methods. We also evaluated MoM learning using frameworks as sequential labeling and machine reading comprehension, which are commonly used in NER. Furthermore, MoM learning has achieved consistent performance improvements regardless of language or framework.

cs.CL↗