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Sourav Pal

Publications and source records attributed to Sourav Pal.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
arXiv2025

A dilation theoretic approach to Banach spaces

For a complex Banach space $\mathbb X$, we prove that $\mathbb X$ is a Hilbert space if and only if every strict contraction $T$ on $\mathbb X$ dilates to an isometry if and only if for every strict contraction $T$ on $\mathbb X$ the function $A_T: \mathbb X \rightarrow [0, \infty]$ defined by $A_T(x)=(\|x\|^2 -\|Tx\|^2)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ gives a norm on $\mathbb X$. We also find several other necessary and sufficient conditions in this thread such that a Banach sapce becomes a Hilbert space. We construct examples of strict contractions on non-Hilbert Banach spaces that do not dilate to isometries. Then we characterize all strict contractions on a non-Hilbert Banach space that dilate to isometries and find explicit isometric dilation for them. We prove several other results including characterizations of complemented subspaces in a Banach space, extension of a Wold isometry to a Banach space unitary and describing norm attainment sets of Banach space operators in terms of dilations.

math.FA↗
arXiv2025

Exploring neutrino interactions in light of present and upcoming galaxy surveys

In the standard cosmological framework, neutrinos begin to free-stream after the weak interaction phase ends in the early universe, at a temperature of approximately $T \sim 1 \, {\rm MeV}$. However, the onset of neutrino free-streaming can be delayed if additional interactions occur in the early universe, leaving imprints on both the cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular power spectra and the large-scale structure (LSS) matter power spectra. We present a thorough analysis of early universe neutrino interactions with a fairly generalized parameterization of the interaction rates as a power law in neutrino temperature. In this (6+2) parameter scenario, we constrain the cosmological parameters along with the free-streaming redshift and the sum of the neutrino mass in presence of such interactions, with the help of full shape (FS) galaxy power spectra from BOSS Data Release 12. Our analysis reveals that a combined dataset of FS along with CMB and BAO offers improved constraints on the free-streaming redshift from present data, comparable to the forecast results from future CMB-S4 data. Additionally, we investigate the prospects of future galaxy surveys by forecasting on Euclid mission in combination with Planck and CMB-S4, and find significant improvement on both the free-streaming redshift and the sum of the neutrino mass than the existing constraints as well as than CMB-S4 alone.

astro-ph.CO↗
arXiv2025

Distributed fixed resources exchanging particles: Phases of an asymmetric exclusion process connected to two reservoirs

We propose and study a conceptual one-dimensional model to explore how the combined interplay between fixed resources and particle exchanges between different parts of an extended system can affect the stationary densities in a current carrying channel connecting different parts of the system. To this end, we consider a model composed of a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) connecting two particle reservoirs without any internal dynamics but which can directly exchange particles between each other, ensuring nonvanishing currents in the steady states. The total particle number in the system that defines the "resources" available, although is kept constant by the model dynamics, can take any value independent of the model parameters that define the dynamics of the model. We show how the resulting phase diagrams of the model are controlled by the parameters, which define the various dynamical update rules together with the total available resources. These control parameters can be tuned to make the density on the TASEP lane globally uniform or piecewise continuous with localized domain walls, and can also control populations of the two reservoirs. In general, the phase diagrams are quite different from a TASEP with open boundaries. In the limit of large amount of resources, the phase diagrams in the plane of the control parameters become topologically identical to that for an open TASEP together with delocalization of domain walls.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2025

Joint reducing subspaces and orthogonal decompositions of operators in an annulus

A commuting tuple of Hilbert space operators $(T_1, \dotsc, T_n)$ is said to be an \textit{$\mathbb{A}_r^n$-contraction} if the closure of the polyannulus \[ \mathbb A_r^n=\left\{(z_1, \dotsc, z_n) \ : \ r<|z_i|<1, \ 1 \leq i \leq n \right\} \subseteq \mathbb{C}^n \qquad \quad (0<r<1) \] is a spectral set for $(T_1, \dotsc, T_n)$. We find characterizations for the $\mathbb A_r^n$-unitaries and $\mathbb A_r^n$-isometries and decipher their structures. We find Wold type decompositions for any number of commuting and doubly commuting $\mathbb A_r$-isometries. Then we generalize these results to any family of commuting and doubly commuting $\mathbb A_r$-contractions.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

Classification and dilation for $q$-commuting $2 \times 2$ scalar matrices

A tuple $\underline{T}=(T_1, \dotsc, T_k)$ of operators on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$ is said to be \textit{$q$-commuting with} $\|q\|=1$ or simply $q$-\textit{commuting} if there is a family of scalars $q=\{q_{ij} \in \mathbb C : |q_{ij}|=1, \ q_{ij}=q_{ji}^{-1}, \ 1 \leq i < j \leq k \}$ such that $T_i T_j =q_{ij}T_j T_i$ for $1 \leq i < j \leq k$. Moreover, if each $q_{ij}=-1$, then $\underline{T}$ is called an \textit{anti-commuting tuple}. A well-known result due to Holbrook \cite{Holbrook} states that a commuting $k$-tuple consisting of $2 \times 2$ scalar matrix contractions always dilates to a commuting $k$-tuple of unitaries for any $k\geq 1$. To find a generalization of this result for a $q$-commuting $k$-tuple of $2\times 2$ scalar matrix contractions, we first classify such tuples into three types upto similarity. Then we prove that a $q$-commuting tuple which is unitarily equivalent to any of these three types, admits a $\widetilde{q}$-unitary dilation, where $\widetilde q \subseteq q \cup \{1\}$. A special emphasis is given to the dilation of an anti-commuting tuple of $2 \times 2$ scalar matrix contractions.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

Distinguished varieties in a family of domains associated with spectral interpolation and operator theory

We find characterization for the distinguished varieties in the symmetrized polydisc $\mathbb G_n \; (n\geq 2)$ and thus generalize the work [\textit{J. Funct. Anal.}, 266 (2014), 5779 -- 5800] on $\mathbb G_2$ by the author and Shalit. We show that a distinguished variety $Λ$ in $\mathbb G_n$ is a part of an algebraic curve, which is a set-theoretic complete intersection, and that $Λ$ can be represented by the Taylor joint spectrum of $n-1$ commuting scalar matrices satisfying certain conditions. An $n$-tuple of commuting Hilbert space operators $(S_1, \dots ,S_{n-1},P)$ for which $Γ_n=\overline{\mathbb G_n}$ is a spectral set is called a $Γ_n$-contraction. To every $Γ_n$-contraction $(S_1, \dots ,S_{n-1},P)$ there is a unique operator tuple $(F_1, \dots , F_{n-1})$, called the $\mathcal F_O$-tuple of $(S_1, \dots ,S_{n-1},P)$, satisfying \[ S_i-S_{n-i}^*P=D_PF_iD_P \,,\quad i=1, \dots ,n-1. \] We produce concrete functional model for the pure isometric-operator tuples associated with $Γ_n$ and by an application of that model we establish that the $Γ_n$-contractions $(S_1, \dots ,S_{n-1},P)$ and $(S_1^*, \dots , S_{n-1}^*,P^*)$ admit normal $\partial \overline{ Λ}_Σ-$dilations for a unique distinguished variety $Λ_Σ$ in $\mathbb G_n$, when $Λ_Σ$ is determined by the $\mathcal F_O$-tuple of $(S_1, \dots ,S_{n-1}, P)$. Further, we show that the dilation of $(S_1^*, \dots ,S_{n-1}^*,P^*)$ is minimal and acts on the minimal unitary dilation space of $P^*$. Also, we show interplay between the distinguished varieties in $\mathbb G_2$ and $\mathbb G_{3}$.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

Minimal isometric dilations and operator models for the polydisc

For commuting contractions $T_1,\dots ,T_n$ acting on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$ with $T=\prod_{i=1}^n T_i$, we find a necessary and sufficient condition under which $(T_1,\dots ,T_n)$ dilates to commuting isometries $(V_1,\dots ,V_n)$ on the minimal isometric dilation space $T$, where $V=\prod_{i=1}^nV_i$ is the minimal isometric dilation of $T$. We construct both Sch$\ddot{a}$ffer and Sz. Nagy-Foias type isometric dilations for $(T_1,\dots ,T_n)$ on the minimal dilation spaces of $T$. Also, a different dilation is constructed when the product $T$ is a $C._0$ contraction, that is ${T^*}^n \rightarrow 0$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$. As a consequence of these dilation theorems we obtain different functional models for $(T_1,\dots ,T_n)$ in terms of multiplication operators on vectorial Hardy spaces. One notable fact about our models is that the multipliers are analytic functions in one variable. The dilation, when $T$ is a $C._0$ contraction, leads to a conditional factorization of a $T$. Several examples have been constructed.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

Multiparton Cwebs at five loops

Scattering amplitudes involving multiple partons are plagued with infrared singularities. The soft singularities of the amplitude are captured by the soft function which is defined as the vacuum expectation value of Wilson line correlators. Renormalization properties of soft function allows us to write it as an exponential of the finite soft anomalous dimension. An efficient way to study the soft function is through a set of Feynman diagrams known as Cwebs (webs). We present the mixing matrices and exponentiated colour factors (ECFs) for the Cwebs at five loops that connect six Wilson lines, except those that are related by relabeling of Wilson lines. Further, we express these ECFs in terms of 29 basis colour factors. We also find that this basis can be categorized into two colour structures. Our results are the first key ingredients for the calculation of the soft anomalous dimension at five loops.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

Characterizations and models for the $C_{1,r}$ class and quantum annulus

For fixed $0<r<1$, let $A_r=\{z \in \mathbb{C} : r<|z|<1\}$ be the annulus with boundary $\partial \overline{A}_r=\mathbb{T} \cup r\mathbb{T}$, where $\mathbb T$ is the unit circle in the complex plane $\mathbb C$. An operator having $\ov{A}_r$ as a spectral set is called an $A_r$-\textit{contraction}. Also, a normal operator with its spectrum lying in the boundary $\partial \overline{A}_r$ is called an \textit{$A_r$-unitary}. The \textit{$C_{1,r}$ class} was introduced by Bello and Yakubovich in the following way: \[ C_{1, r}=\{T: T \ \mbox{is invertible and} \ \|T\|, \|rT^{-1}\| \leq 1\}. \] McCullough and Pascoe defined the \textit{quantum annulus} $\mathbb Q \mathbb A_r$ by \[ \mathbb Q\mathbb A_r = \{T \,:\, T \text{ is invertible and } \, \|rT\|, \|rT^{-1}\| \leq 1 \}. \] If $\mathcal A_r$ denotes the set of all $A_r$-contractions, then $\mathcal A_r \subsetneq C_{1,r} \subsetneq \mathbb Q \mathbb A_r$. We first find a model for an operator in $C_{1,r}$ and also characterize the operators in $C_{1,r}$ in several different ways. We prove that the classes $C_{1,r}$ and $\mathbb Q\mathbb A_r$ are equivalent. Then, via this equivalence, we obtain analogous model and characterizations for an operator in $\mathbb Q \mathbb A_r$.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

On Higgs+jet production at next-to-leading power accuracy

We present computation of the next-to-leading power corrections for Higgs plus one jet production in a hadron collider via gluon fusion channel. Shifting of spinors in the helicity amplitudes without additional radiation captures the leading next-to-soft radiative behaviour and makes the calculation tractable. We establish the connection between the shifted dipole spinors and the colour ordered radiative amplitudes. We find that next-to-maximal helicity violating amplitudes do not play a role in this correction. Compact analytic expressions of next-to-leading power leading logarithms coming from different helicity configurations are shown.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

Correlator webs of massive multiparton amplitudes at four loops: A study of boomerang webs

Logarithm of the soft function can be organized into sets of Feynman diagrams known as Cwebs. We introduced a new formalism in~\cite{Agarwal:2022wyk}, that allows to determine several of the building blocks of Cweb mixing matrices without explicit computations. In~\cite{Agarwal:2022xec} we used this formalism to obtain the diagonal blocks of four general classes of Cwebs to all orders in perturbation theory which also covered all the four loop Boomerang Cwebs connecting four Wilson lines. In this work we present complete mixing matrices and exponentiated colour factors for Boomerang Cwebs at four loops that connect three and four Wilson lines. Also, we present a more efficient version of the algorithm of generating Cwebs that was presented in~\cite{Agarwal:2020nyc}. This new algorithm has been used to generate the Cwebs in the present work.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

Soft quark effects on H+jet production at NLP accuracy

We define soft quark operators that enable construction of colour-ordered helicity amplitudes out of the non-radiative ones. We explore these operators for Higgs plus one jet production in a hadron collider and study the next-to-leading power corrections on all partonic channels involving quark(s) and/or anti-quark(s). We also investigate the effect of next-to-soft gluon radiation in these channels employing the technique illustrated in \cite{Pal:2023vec}. Analytical expressions of next-to-leading power leading logarithms thus obtained are simple and compact in nature. Further, we discuss the connection of such logarithms with that of the pseudo-scalar Higgs plus one jet production.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2024

Variational Sampling of Temporal Trajectories

A deterministic temporal process can be determined by its trajectory, an element in the product space of (a) initial condition $z_0 \in \mathcal{Z}$ and (b) transition function $f: (\mathcal{Z}, \mathcal{T}) \to \mathcal{Z}$ often influenced by the control of the underlying dynamical system. Existing methods often model the transition function as a differential equation or as a recurrent neural network. Despite their effectiveness in predicting future measurements, few results have successfully established a method for sampling and statistical inference of trajectories using neural networks, partially due to constraints in the parameterization. In this work, we introduce a mechanism to learn the distribution of trajectories by parameterizing the transition function $f$ explicitly as an element in a function space. Our framework allows efficient synthesis of novel trajectories, while also directly providing a convenient tool for inference, i.e., uncertainty estimation, likelihood evaluations and out of distribution detection for abnormal trajectories. These capabilities can have implications for various downstream tasks, e.g., simulation and evaluation for reinforcement learning.

cs.LG↗
arXiv2024

Availability, storage capacity, and diffusion: Stationary states of an asymmetric exclusion process connected to two reservoirs

We explore how the interplay of finite availability, carrying capacity of particles at different parts of a spatially extended system and particle diffusion between them control the steady state currents and density profiles in a one-dimensional current-carrying channel connecting the different parts of the system. To study this, we construct a minimal model consisting of two particle reservoirs of finite carrying capacities connected by a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). In addition to particle transport via TASEP between the reservoirs, the latter can also directly exchange particles, modeling particle diffusion between them that can maintain a steady current in the system. We investigate the steady state density profiles and the associated particle currents in the TASEP lane. The resulting phases and the phase diagrams are quite different from an open TASEP, and are characterised by the model parameters defining particle exchanges between the TASEP and the reservoirs, direct particle exchanges between the reservoirs, and the filling fraction of the particles that determines the total resources available. These parameters can be tuned to make the density on the TASEP lane globally uniform or piecewise continuous, and can make the two reservoirs preferentially populated or depopulated.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2024

Remarks on positive definite functions on a group

We study the operator-valued positive definite functions on a group using positive block matrices. We give an alternative proof to Brehmer positivity for doubly commuting contractions. We classify all commuting unitary representations over a finite group. We show by examples that the power of a positive-definite function may not be positive definite and also the power of a unitary representation may not be a unitary representation. We also characterize all unitary representations whose powers are also unitary representations.

math.FA↗
arXiv2024

Minimal unitary dilations for commuting contractions

For commuting contractions $T_1,\dots ,T_n$ acting on a Hilbert space $\mathcal H$ with $T=\prod_{i=1}^n T_i$, we show that $(T_1, \dots, T_n)$ dilates to commuting isometries $(V_1, \dots , V_n)$ on the minimal isometric dilation space of $T$ with $V=\prod_{i=1}^n V_i$ being the minimal isometric dilation of $T$ if and only if $(T_1^*, \dots , T_n^*)$ dilates to commuting isometries $(Y_1, \dots , Y_n)$ on the minimal isometric dilation space of $T^*$ with $Y=\prod_{i=1}^n Y_i$ being the minimal isometric dilation of $T^*$. Then, we prove an analogue of this result for unitary dilations of $(T_1, \dots , T_n)$ and its adjoint. We find a necessary and sufficient condition such that $(T_1, \dots , T_n)$ possesses a unitary dilation $(W_1, \dots , W_n)$ on the minimal unitary dilation space of $T$ with $W=\prod_{i=1}^n W_i$ being the minimal unitary dilation of $T$. We show an explicit construction of such a unitary dilation on both Sch$\ddot{a}$ffer and Sz. Nagy-Foias minimal unitary dilation spaces of $T$. Also, we show that a relatively weaker hypothesis is necessary and sufficient for the existence of such a unitary dilation when $T$ is a $C._0$ contraction, i.e. when ${T^*}^n \rightarrow 0$ strongly as $n \rightarrow \infty $. We construct a different unitary dilation for $(T_1, \dots , T_n)$ when $T$ is a $C._0$ contraction.

math.FA↗
arXiv2023

Revisiting coupled CDM-massive neutrino perturbations in diverse cosmological backgrounds

Massive neutrinos are well-known to cause a characteristic suppression in the growth of structures at scales below the neutrino free-streaming length. A detailed understanding of this suppression is essential in the era of precision cosmology we are entering into, enabling us to better constrain the total neutrino mass and possibly probe (beyond)-$Λ$CDM cosmological model(s). Instead of the usual N-body simulation or Boltzmann solver, in this article we consider a two-fluid framework at the linear scales, where the neutrino fluid perturbations are coupled to the CDM (+ baryon) fluid via gravity at redshifts of interest. Treating the neutrino mass fraction $f_ν$ as a perturbative parameter, we find solutions to the system with redshift-dependent neutrino free-streaming length in $Λ$CDM background via two separate approaches. The perturbative scale-dependent solution is shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical solution of the two-fluid equations valid to all orders in $f_ν$, and also agrees with results from {\texttt{CLASS}} to a good accuracy. We further generalize the framework to incorporate different evolving dark energy backgrounds and found sub-percent level differences in the suppression, all of which lie within the observational uncertainty of BOSS-like surveys. We also present a brief discussion on the prospects of the current analysis in the context of upcoming missions.

astro-ph.CO↗