arXiv subjects

Spyros Efthimiades

Publications and source records attributed to Spyros Efthimiades.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Derivation of the Schrödinger equation from QED

The Schrödinger equation relates the electron wavefunction and the electric potential, which are emergent physical quantities. At that emergent level, the Schrödinger equation is either postulated as a principle of quantum physics or obtained heuristically. However, the Schrödinger equation is a low energy condition we can derive from the foundations of QED. Due to the small value of the electromagnetic coupling constant, we show that, in low energy interactions, the electric potential accurately represents the contributions of the intermediate photon exchanges. Then, we see that the dominant term of the electron wavefunction is a superposition of plane (but not free) waves which, by fulfilling the total energy relations, satisfies the Schrödinger, Pauli, and Dirac equations. Furthermore, we show that what is considered the kinetic energy term of the Schrödinger equation does not represent the kinetic energy of the interacting electron. We analyze and clarify the dynamics of the Schrödinger equation.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2013

Perceptions of the Schrodinger Equation

The Schrodinger equation has been considered to be a postulate of quantum physics, but it is also perceived and derived heuristically as the quantum equivalent of the classical energy relation. We indicate that the Schrodinger equation cannot be a physical postulate, and we show that the heuristic derivations wrongly consider that the particle kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the momentum operator acting on the wavefunction. The correct term is proportional to the square of the momentum. Analyzing particle interactions, we realize that particles have multiple virtual motions and that each motion is accompanied by a wave that has constant amplitude. Accordingly, we define the wavefunction as the superposition of the virtual waves of the particle. As a result, quantum mechanics becomes a local and global theory, while in the traditional formulation it is a local theory. In several interaction settings we can tell what particle motions arise and explain the outcomes in simple and tangible terms. Most importantly, the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics becomes clear and justified, and we derive the Schrodinger, Dirac, etc. equations as the conditions the wavefunction must satisfy at each space-time point in order to fulfill the respective total energy equation.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2011

Principles and Dynamics of Quantum Mechanics

The fundamental principle of quantum mechanics is that the probabilities of physical outcomes are obtained from the intermediate states and processes of the interacting particles, considered as happening concurrently. When the interaction is described by a potential, the total energy of the particle is equal to its total kinetic plus potential energies. We derive the Schrodinger and Dirac equations as the conditions the wavefunction must satisfy at each point in order to fulfill the corresponding energy equation. In our approach quantum theory is tangible, experimentally justified and theoretically consistent. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w Keywords: Quantum principles; Quantum dynamics; Schrodinger equation; Dirac equation

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2011

Physical meaning and derivation of Schrodinger and Dirac equations

The wavefunction of a particle is obtained from its intermediate states and interaction processes considered as happening concurrently. When the interaction is described by a potential, the energy of the particle is equal to its total kinetic plus potential energies. We derive the Schrodinger and Dirac equations as the unique conditions the wavefunction must satisfy at each point in order to fulfill the corresponding energy equation. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w. Keywords: Schrodinger equation; Dirac equation; Quantum dynamics.

quant-ph↗