Two-stage Coordinated Energy Management of Train Operation and Wayside Energy Storage System for Rail Power Supply Systems
The increasing electrification of railway power supply system (RPSS) intensify the operational and economic challenges at the railway power system interface. Energy storage systems (ESSs) can provide fast and flexible support to mitigate short term power spikes and to improve the energy management. However, achieving coordinated operation is challenged by the tight coupling among electrical railway operation and ESS dispatch under time-varying traction demand and network limits. This paper proposes a two-stage coordinated energy management method for electrified RPSSs that jointly optimizes railway system operation, train trajectories and ESS dispatch while explicitly accounting for traction power flow constraints. First, a day-ahead operation stage determines the train operating profiles and the ESS setting decisions to establish the baseline operating plan. Then, an intra-day rolling optimization stage based on adaptive weight economic-model predictive control (AWC-MPC) updates ESS dispatch under refreshed forecasts of traction demand and renewable output. A real Swedish railway case is utilized to minimize the energy purchase cost and the ESS cost while reducing peak grid power, demonstrating its practical applicability with 35.7% peak grid power demand and 28.8% total system cost reduction.