Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Stefan Kirchner

Publications and source records attributed to Stefan Kirchner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Quantum phase transition in a two-dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg model: a Schwinger-boson large-N approach

Strange metal behavior arises in heavy fermion metals close to antiferromagnetic transitions. An increasing amount of experiments indicates a link of such behavior to a Kondo breakdown quantum critical point. To shed light on this intriguing problem, we study the 2D Kondo-Heisenberg model using a dynamical large-N multichannel Schwinger boson approach. We identify and characterize the quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetically ordered ground state to a Kondo-dominated paramagnetic state, and attribute a jump in certain phase shift to Kondo breakdown. In addition, we calculate transport and thermodynamic quantities and discuss them in the context of the experimental observations in quantum critical heavy fermion systems.

cond-mat.str-el↗

The renormalized superperturbation theory (SPT) approach to the Anderson model in and out of equilibrium

The properties of current-carrying steady states of strongly correlated systems away from the linear-response regime are of topical interest. In this article, we review the renormalized perturbation theory, or renormalized SPT of reference [1] for the Anderson model. We present an extension to higher orders and compare the higher-order results with NRG calculations. Finally, we elucidate the role of Ward identities in calculating out-of-equilibrium properties and address claims made in the literature.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Interaction-tuned Anderson versus Mott localization

Disorder or sufficiently strong interactions can render a metallic state unstable causing it to turn into an insulating one. Despite the fact that the interplay of these two routes to a vanishing conductivity has been a central research topic, a unifying picture has not emerged so far. Here, we establish that the two-dimensional Falicov-Kimball model, one of the simplest lattice models of strong electron correlation does allow for the study of this interplay. In particular, we show that this model at particle-hole symmetry possesses three distinct thermodynamic insulating phases and exhibits Anderson localization. The previously reported metallic phase is identified as a finite-size feature due to the presence of weak localization. We characterize these phases by their electronic density of states, staggered occupation, conductivity, and the generalized inverse participation ratio. The implications of our findings for other strongly correlated systems are discussed.

cond-mat.str-el↗

The Functional Integral formulation of the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation

We revisit the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation and present a path integral version of this important canonical transformation. The equivalence between the low-energy sector of the Anderson model in the so-called local moment regime and the spin-isotropic Kondo model is usually established via a canonical transformation performed on the Hamiltonian, followed by a projection. Here we present a path integral formulation of the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation which relates the functional integral form of the partition function of the Anderson model to that of its effective low-energy model. The resulting functional integral assumes the form of a spin path integral and includes a geometric phase factor, i.e. a Berry phase. Our approach stresses the underlying symmetries of the model and allows for a straightforward generalization of the transformation to more involved models. It thus not only sheds new light on a classic problem, it also offers a systematic route of obtaining effective low-energy models and higher order corrections.

cond-mat.str-el↗

The distribution of work performed on a NIS junction

We propose an experimental setup to measure the work performed in a normal-metal/insulator/superconducting (NIS) junction, subjected to a voltage change and in contact with a thermal bath. We compute the performed work and argue that the associated heat release can be measured experimentally. Our results are based on an equivalence between the dynamics of the NIS junction and that of an assembly of two-level systems subjected to a circularly polarised field, for which we can determine the work-characteristic function exactly. The average work dissipated by the NIS junction, as well as its fluctuations, are determined. From the work characteristic function, we also compute the work probability-distribution and show that it does not have a Gaussian character. Our results allow for a direct experimental test of the Crooks-Tasaki fluctuation relation.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

Non-linear quantum critical dynamics and fluctuation-dissipation ratios far from equilibrium

Non-thermal correlations of strongly correlated electron systems and the far-from-equilibrium properties of phases of condensed matter have become a topical research area. Here, an overview of the non-linear dynamics found near continuous zero-temperature phase transitions within the context of effective temperatures is presented. In particular, we focus on models of critical Kondo destruction. Such a quantum critical state, where Kondo screening is destroyed in a critical fashion, is realized in a number of rare earth intermetallics. This raises the possibility of experimentally testing for the existence of fluctuation-dissipation relations far from equilibrium in terms of effective temperatures near quantum criticality. Finally, we present an analysis of a non-interacting, critical reference system, the pseudogap resonant level model, in terms of effective temperatures and contrast these results with those obtained near interacting quantum critical points.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Critical Exponents of Strongly Correlated Fermion Systems from Diagrammatic Multi-Scale Methods

Self-consistent dynamical approximations for strongly correlated fermion systems are particularly successful in capturing the dynamical competition of local correlations. In these, the effect of spatially extended degrees of freedom is usually only taken into account in a mean field fashion or as a secondary effect. As a result, critical exponents associated with phase transitions have mean field character. Here, we demonstrate that diagrammatic multi-scale methods anchored around local approximations are indeed capable of capturing the non mean-field nature of the critical point of the lattice model encoded in a non-vanishing anomalous dimension, and to correctly describe the transition to mean field like behavior as the number of spatial dimensions increases.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Structural investigations of CeIrIn${_5}$ and CeCoIn${_5}$ on macroscopic and atomic length scales

For any thorough investigation of complex physical properties, as encountered in strongly correlated electron systems, not only single crystals of highest quality but also a detailed knowledge of the structural properties of the material are pivotal prerequisites. Here, we combine physical and chemical investigations on the prototypical heavy fermion superconductors CeIrIn${_5}$ and CeCoIn${_5}$ on atomic and macroscopic length scale to gain insight into their precise structural properties. Our approach spans from enhanced resolution X-ray diffraction experiments to atomic resolution by means of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and reveal a certain type of local features (coexistence of minority and majority structural patterns) in the tetragonal HoCoGa$_5$-type structure of both compounds.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Quantum criticality in the pseudogap Bose-Fermi Anderson and Kondo models: Interplay between fermion- and boson-induced Kondo destruction

We address the phenomenon of critical Kondo destruction in pseudogap Bose-Fermi Anderson and Kondo quantum impurity models. These models describe a localized level coupled both to a fermionic bath having a density of states that vanishes like |ε|^r at the Fermi energy (ε=0) and, via one component of the impurity spin, to a bosonic bath having a sub-Ohmic spectral density proportional to |ω|^s. Each bath is capable by itself of suppressing the Kondo effect at a continuous quantum phase transition. We study the interplay between these two mechanisms for Kondo destruction using continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo for the pseudogap Bose-Fermi Anderson model with 0<r<1/2 and 1/2<s<1, and applying the numerical renormalization-group to the corresponding Kondo model. At particle-hole symmetry, the models exhibit a quantum critical point between a Kondo (fermionic strong-coupling) phase and a localized (Kondo-destroyed) phase. The two solution methods, which are in good agreement in their domain of overlap, provide access to the many-body spectrum, as well as to correlation functions including, in particular, the single-particle Green's function and the static and dynamical local spin susceptibilities. The quantum-critical regime exhibits the hyperscaling of critical exponents and ω/T scaling in the dynamics that characterize an interacting critical point. The (r,s) plane can be divided into three regions: one each in which the calculated critical properties are dominated by the bosonic bath alone or by the fermionic bath alone, and between these two regions, a third in which the bosonic bath governs the critical spin response but both baths influence the renormalization-group flow near the quantum critical point.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Kondo Destruction and Quantum Criticality in Kondo Lattice Systems

Considerable efforts have been made in recent years to theoretically understand quantum phase transitions in Kondo lattice systems. A particular focus is on Kondo destruction, which leads to quantum criticality that goes beyond the Landau framework of order-parameter fluctuations. This unconventional quantum criticality has provided an understanding of the unusual dynamical scaling observed experimentally. It has also predicted a sudden jump of the Fermi surface and an extra (Kondo destruction) energy scale, both of which have been verified by systematic experiments. Considerations of Kondo destruction have in addition yielded a global phase diagram, which has motivated the current interest in heavy fermion materials with variable dimensionality or geometrical frustration. Here we summarize these developments, and discuss some of the ongoing work and open issues. We also consider the implications of these results for superconductivity. Finaly, we address the effect of spin-orbit coupling on the global phase diagram, suggest that SmB6 under pressure may display unconventional superconductivity in the transition regime between a Kondo insulator phase and an antiferroamgnetic metal phase, and argue that the interfaces of heavy-fermion heterostructures will provide a fertile setting to explore topological properties of both Kondo insulators and heavy-fermion superconductors.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Disorder and quasiparticle interference in heavy-fermion materials

Using a large-N approach, we study the effect of disorder in the Kondo-screened phase of heavy-fermion materials. We demonstrate that the strong feedback between the hybridization and the conduction electron charge density magnifies the effect of disorder, such that already small concentrations of defects strongly disorder the materials' local electronic structure, while only weakly affecting their spatially averaged, thermodynamic properties. Finally, we show that the microscopic nature of defects can be identified through their characteristic signatures in the hybridization and quasiparticle interference spectrum.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Evidence for a Kondo destroying quantum critical point in YbRh2Si2

The heavy-fermion metal YbRh$_{2}$Si$_{2}$ is a weak antiferromagnet below $T_{N} = 0.07$ K. Application of a low magnetic field $B_{c} = 0.06$ T ($\perp c$) is sufficient to continuously suppress the antiferromagnetic (AF) order. Below $T \approx 10$ K, the Sommerfeld coefficient of the electronic specific heat $γ(T)$ exhibits a logarithmic divergence. At $T < 0.3$ K, $γ(T) \sim T^{-ε}$ ($ε: 0.3 - 0.4$), while the electrical resistivity $ρ(T) = ρ_{0} + aT$ ($ρ_{0}$: residual resistivity). Upon extrapolating finite-$T$ data of transport and thermodynamic quantities to $T = 0$, one observes (i) a vanishing of the "Fermi surface crossover" scale $T^{*}(B)$, (ii) an abrupt jump of the initial Hall coefficient $R_{H}(B)$ and (iii) a violation of the Wiedemann Franz law at $B = B_{c}$, the field-induced quantum critical point (QCP). These observations are interpreted as evidence of a critical destruction of the heavy quasiparticles, i.e., propagating Kondo singlets, at the QCP of this material.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Reply to 'Comment on Universal out-of-equilibrium transport in Kondo-correlated quantum dots'

A recent comment on our work (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 110, 016601 (2013)) by A.A.Aligia claims that we "made mistakes in the evaluation of the lesser quantities". It is further claimed that the distribution function of the single-particle selfenergy of the interacting region in the Fermi liquid regime, e.g. at small bias voltage, low temperature, and small frequency, is continuous. These claims are based on a comparison of the particle-hole symmetric case with results obtained from the approach of A.A.Aligia. We disagree with these claims and show that the discrepancies that the comment alludes to originate from a violation of Ward identities by the method employed in the comment. A comparison of our approach with the numerical renormalization group shows perfect agreement for the symmetric case.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Transport Characterization of Kondo-Correlated Single Molecule Devices

A single molecule break junction device serves as a tunable model system for probing the many body Kondo state. The low-energy properties of this state are commonly described in terms of a Kondo model, where the response of the system to different perturbations is characterized by a single emergent energy scale, k_B*T_K. Comparisons between different experimental systems have shown issues with numerical consistency. With a new constrained analysis examining the dependence of conductance on temperature, bias, and magnetic field simultaneously, we show that these deviations can be resolved by properly accounting for background, non-Kondo contributions to the conductance that are often neglected. We clearly demonstrate the importance of these non-Kondo conduction channels by examining transport in devices with total conductances exceeding the theoretical maximum due to Kondo-assisted tunneling alone.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Local quantum criticality out of equilibrium - effective temperatures and scaling in the steady state regime

We study the out of equilibrium steady state properties of the Bose-Fermi-Kondo model, describing a local magnetic moment coupled to two ferromagnetic leads that support bosonic (magnons) and fermionic (Stoner continuum electrons) low energy excitations. This model describes the destruction of the Kondo effect as the coupling to the bosons is increased. Its phase diagram comprises three non-trivial fixed points. Using a dynamical large-$N$approach on the Keldysh contour, we study two different non-equilibrium setups: (a) a finite bias voltage and (b) a finite temperature gradient, imposed across the leads. The scaling behavior of the charge and energy currents is identified and characterized for all fixed points. We report the existence of a fixed-point-dependent effective temperature, defined though the fluctuation dissipation relations of the local spin-susceptibility in the scaling regime, which permits to recover the equilibrium behavior of both dynamical and static spin susceptibilities.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Gate-tuned two-channel Kondo screening by graphene leads: Universal scaling of the nonlinear conductance

Based on the non-crossing approximation, we calculate both the linear and nonlinear conductance within the two-lead two-channel single-impurity Anderson model where the conduction electron density of states vanishes in a power-law fashion $ \propto |ω-μ_F|^r$ with $r=1$ near the Fermi energy, appropriate for an hexagonal system. For given gate voltage, we address the universal crossover from a two-channel Kondo phase, argued to occur in doped graphene, to an unscreened local moment phase. We extract universal scaling functions in conductance governing charge transfer through the two-channel pseudogap Kondo impurity and discuss our results in the context of a recent scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiment on Co-doped graphene.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Quantum criticality in the two-channel pseudogap Anderson model: A test of the non-crossing approximation

We investigate the dynamical properties of the two-channel Anderson model using the noncrossing approximation (NCA) supplemented by numerical renormalization-group calculations. We provide evidence supporting the conventional wisdom that the NCA gives reliable results for the standard two-channel Anderson model of a magnetic impurity in a metal. We extend the analysis to the pseudogap two-channel model describing a semi-metallic host with a density of states that vanishes in power-law fashion at the Fermi energy. This model exhibits continuous quantum phase transitions between weak- and strong-coupling phases. The NCA is shown to reproduce the correct qualitative features of the pseudogap model, including the phase diagram, and to yield critical exponents in excellent agreement with the NRG and exact results. The forms of the dynamical magnetic susceptibility and impurity Green's function at the fixed points are suggestive of frequency-over-temperature scaling.

cond-mat.str-el↗

Nonlinear thermoelectric response of quantum dots: renormalized dual fermions out of equilibrium

The thermoelectric transport properties of nanostructured devices continue to attract attention from theorists and experimentalist alike as the spatial confinement allows for a controlled approach to transport properties of correlated matter. Most of the existing work, however, focuses on thermoelectric transport in the linear regime despite the fact that the nonlinear conductance of correlated quantum dots has been studied in some detail throughout the last decade. Here, we review our recent work on the effect of particle-hole asymmetry on the nonlinear transport properties in the vicinity of the strong coupling limit of Kondo-correlated quantum dots and extend the underlying method, a renormalized superperturbation theory on the Keldysh contour, to the thermal conductance in the nonlinear regime. We determine the charge, energy, and heat current through the nanostructure and study the nonlinear transport coefficients, the entropy production, and the fate of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the non-thermal steady-state. Our approach is based on a renormalized perturbation theory in terms of dual fermions around the particle-hole symmetric strong-coupling limit.

cond-mat.str-el↗