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Stefano Scopel

Publications and source records attributed to Stefano Scopel.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

Effective scalar four-fermion interaction for Ge-phobic exothermic dark matter and the CDMS-II Silicon excess

We discuss within the framework of effective four-fermion scalar interaction the phenomenology of a Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) Dirac Dark Matter candidate which is exothermic (i.e. is metastable and interacts with nuclear targets down-scattering to a lower-mass state) and $Ge$-phobic (i.e. whose couplings to quarks violate isospin symmetry leading to a suppression of its cross section off Germanium targets). We discuss the specific example of the CDMS-II Silicon three-candidate effect showing that a region of the parameter space of the model exists where WIMP scatterings can explain the excess in compliance with other experimental constraints, while at the same time the Dark Matter particle can have a thermal relic density compatible with observation. In this scenario the metastable state $χ$ and the lowest-mass one $χ^{\prime}$ have approximately the same density in the present Universe and in our Galaxy, but direct detection experiments are only sensitive to the down-scatters of $χ$ to $χ^{\prime}$. We include a discussion of the recently calculated Next-to-Leading Order corrections to Dark Matter-nucleus scattering, showing that their impact on the phenomenology is typically small, but can become sizable in the same parameter space where the thermal relic density is compatible to observation.

hep-ph↗

A systematic halo-independent analysis of direct detection data within the framework of Inelastic Dark Matter

We present a systematic halo-independent analysis of available Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP) direct detection data within the framework of Inelastic Dark Matter (IDM). We show that, when the smallest number of assumptions is made on the WIMP velocity distribution in the halo of our Galaxy, it is possible to find values of the WIMP mass and the IDM mass splitting for which compatibility between present constraints and any of the three experiments claiming to see a WIMP excess among DAMA, CDMS-Si and CRESST can be achieved.

astro-ph.CO↗

On the sbottom resonance in dark matter scattering

A resonance in the neutralino-nucleus elastic scattering cross section is usually purported when the neutralino-sbottom mass difference m_sbottom-m_chi is equal to the bottom quark mass m_b ~ 4 GeV. Such a scenario has been discussed as a viable model for light (~ 10 GeV) neutralino dark matter as explanation of possible DAMA and CoGeNT direct detection signals. Here we give physical and analytical arguments showing that the sbottom resonance may actually not be there. In particular, we show analytically that the one-loop gluon-neutralino scattering amplitude has no pole at m_sbottom=m_chi+m_b, while by analytic continuation to the regime m_sbottom squark+quark becomes kinematically allowed. The pole can be interpreted as the formation of a sbottom-antibottom-qqq or antisbottom-bottom qqq resonant state (where qqq are the nucleon valence quarks), which is kinematically not accessible if the neutralino is the LSP. Our analysis shows that the common practice of estimating the neutralino-nucleon cross section by introducing an ad-hoc pole at m_sbottom=m_chi+m_b into the effective four-fermion interaction (including higher-twist effects) should be discouraged, since it corresponds to adding a spurious pole to the scattering process at the center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) m_chi m_sbottom-m_b. Our considerations can be extended from the specific case of supersymmetry to other cases in which the dark matter particle scatters off nucleons through the exchange of a b-flavored state almost degenerate to its mass, such as in theories with extra dimensions and in other mass-degenerate dark matter scenarios recently discussed in the literature.

hep-ph↗

Non-perturbative Effect and PAMELA Limit on Electro-Weak Dark Matter

We discuss the non-perturbative effects on the annihilation cross section of an Electro-Weak Dark Matter (EWDM) particle belonging to an electroweak multiplet when the splittings between the masses of the DM component and the other charged or neutral component(s) of the multiplet are treated as free parameters. Our analysis shows that EWDM exhibits not only the usual Sommerfeld enhancement with resonance peaks but also dips where the cross section is suppressed. Moreover, we have shown that the non-perturbative effects become important even when the EWDM mass is below the TeV scale, provided that some of the mass splitting are reduced to the order of a few MeV. This extends the possibility of observing sizeable non-perturbative effects in the dark matter annihilation to values of the dark matter mass significantly smaller than previously considered, since only electroweak--induced mass splittings larger than 100 MeV have been discussed in the literature so far. We have then used the available experimental data on the cosmic antiproton flux to constrain the EWDM parameter space. In our calculation of the expected signal we have included the effect of the convolution of the cross section with the velocity distribution of the dark matter particles in the Galaxy, showing that it can alter the non--perturbative effects significantly. In the case of EWDM with non-zero hypercharge, we have shown that the mass splitting in the Dirac dark matter fermion can be chosen so that the inelastic cross section of the EWDM off nuclei is allowed by present direct detection constraints and at the same time is within the reach of future experiments.

astro-ph.CO↗

Dark matter and a new gauge boson through kinetic mixing

We consider a hidden sector model of dark matter which is charged under a hidden U(1)_X gauge symmetry. Kinetic mixing of U(1)_X with the Standard Model hypercharge U(1)_Y is allowed to provide communication between the hidden sector and the Standard Model sector. We present various limits on the kinetic mixing parameter and the hidden gauge coupling constant coming from various low energy observables, electroweak precision tests, and the right thermal relic density of the dark matter. Saturating these constraints, we show that the spin-independent elastic cross section of the dark matter off nucleons is mostly below the current experimental limits, but within the future sensitivity. Finally, we analyze the prospect of observing the hidden gauge boson through its dimuon decay channel at hadron colliders.

hep-ph↗

Dirac gaugino as leptophilic dark matter

We investigate the leptophilic properties of Dirac gauginos in an R--symmetric N=2 supersymmetric model with extended gauge and Higgs sectors. The annihilation of Dirac gauginos to leptons requires no chirality flip in the final states so that it is not suppressed as in the Majorana case. This implies that it can be sizable enough to explain the positron excess observed by the PAMELA experiment with moderate or no boost factors. When squark masses are heavy, the annihilation of Dirac gauginos to hadrons is controlled by their Higgsino fraction and is driven by the $hZ$ and $W^+W^-$ final states. Moreover, at variance with the Majorana case, Dirac gauginos with a non-vanishing higgsino fraction can also have a vector coupling with the $Z$ gauge boson leading to a sizable spin--independent scattering cross section off nuclei. Saturating the current antiproton limit, we show that Dirac gauginos can leave a signal in direct detection experiments at the level of the sensitivity of dark matter searches at present and in the near future.

hep-ph↗

Particle Dark Matter Candidates

I give a short overview on some of the favorite particle Cold Dark Matter candidates today, focusing on those having detectable interactions: the axion, the KK-photon in Universal Extra Dimensions, the heavy photon in Little Higgs and the neutralino in Supersymmetry. The neutralino is still the most popular, and today is available in different flavours: SUGRA, nuSUGRA, sub-GUT, Mirage mediation, NMSSM, effective MSSM, scenarios with CP violation. Some of these scenarios are already at the level of present sensitivities for direct DM searches.

hep-ph↗

The Lightest Higgs Boson and Relic Neutralino in the MSSM with CP Violation

In a minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) with explicit CP violation a mass of the lightest Higgs boson H_1 in the range 7 GeV} < M_{H_1} < 10 GeV is experimentally allowed by present accelerator limits. In the same scenario a lightest neutralino as light as 2.9 GeV can be a viable dark matter candidate, provided that a departure from the usual GUT relation among gaugino masses is assumed.

hep-ph↗

Quintessential Kination and Leptogenesis

Thermal leptogenesis induced by the CP-violating decay of a right-handed neutrino (RHN) is discussed in the background of quintessential kination, i.e., in a cosmological model where the energy density of the early Universe is assumed to be dominated by the kinetic term of a quintessence field during some epoch of its evolution. This assumption may lead to very different observational consequences compared to the case of a standard cosmology where the energy density of the Universe is dominated by radiation. We show that, depending on the choice of the temperature T_r above which kination dominates over radiation, any situation between the strong and the super--weak wash--out regime are equally viable for leptogenesis, even with the RHN Yukawa coupling fixed to provide the observed atmospheric neutrino mass scale ~ 0.05 eV. For M< T_r < M/100, i.e., when kination stops to dominate at a time which is not much later than when leptogenesis takes place, the efficiency of the process, defined as the ratio between the produced lepton asymmetry and the amount of CP violation in the RHN decay, can be larger than in the standard scenario of radiation domination. This possibility is limited to the case when the neutrino mass scale is larger than about 0.01 eV. The super--weak wash--out regime is obtained for T_r << M/100, and includes the case when T_r is close to the nucleosynthesis temperature ~ 1 MeV. Irrespective of T_r, we always find a sufficient window above the electroweak temperature T ~ 100 GeV for the sphaleron transition to thermalize, so that the lepton asymmetry can always be converted to the observed baryon asymmetry.

astro-ph↗

Lightest Higgs Boson and Relic Neutralino in the MSSM with CP Violation

We discuss the lower bound to the lightest Higgs boson H_1 in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) with explicit CP violation, and the phenomenology of the lightest relic neutralino in the same scenario. In particular, adopting the CPX benchmark scenario, we find that the combination of experimental constraints coming from LEP, Thallium Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) measurements, quorkonium decays, and B_s -> mu mu decay favours a region of the parameter space where the mass of H_1 is in the range 7 GeV < M_{H_1} < 10 GeV, while 3 < tan(beta) < 5. Assuming a departure from the usual GUT relation among gaugino masses (|M_1| << |M_2|), we find that through resonant annihilation to H_1 a neutralino as light as 2.9 GeV can be a viable dark matter candidate in this scenario. We call this the CPX light neutralino scenario, and discuss its phenomenology showing that indirect Dark Matter searches are compatible with the present experimental constraints, as long as m_χ< M_{H_1}/2. On the other hand, part of the range m_χ> M_{H_1}/2 which is allowed by cosmology is excluded by antiproton fluxes.

hep-ph↗