The minimal nonplanar strong digraphs
Kuratowski's theorem says that the minimal (under subgraph containment) graphs that are not planar are the subdivisions of $K_5$ and of $K_{3,3}$. Here we study the minimal (under subdigraph containment) strongly-connected digraphs that are not planar. We also find the minimal strongly-connected non-outerplanar digraphs and the minimal strongly-connected non-series-parallel digraphs.
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