arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Stephen Doty.
Complete proofs of Schur-Weyl duality in positive characteristic are scarce in the literature. The purpose of this survey is to write out the details of such a proof, deriving the result in positive characteristic from the classical result in characteristic zero, using only known facts from representation theory.
For an arbitrary infinite field k of characteristic p > 0, we describe the structure of a block of the algebraic monoid M_n(k) (all n x n matrices over k), or, equivalently, a block of the Schur algebra S(n,p), whose simple modules are indexed by p-hook partitions. The result is known; we give an elementary and self-contained proof, based only on a result of Peel and Donkin's description of the blocks of Schur algebras. The result leads to a character formula for certain simple GL_n(k)-modules, valid for all n and all p. This character formula is a special case of one found by Brundan, Kleshchev, and Suprunenko and, independently, by Mathieu and Papadopoulo.
We extend the family of classical Schur algebras in type A, which determine the polynomial representation theory of general linear groups over an infinite field, to a larger family, the rational Schur algebras, which determine the rational representation theory of general linear groups over an infinite field. This makes it possible to study the rational representation theory of such general linear groups directly through finite dimensional algebras. We show that rational Schur algebras are quasihereditary over any field, and thus have finite global dimension. We obtain explicit cellular bases of a rational Schur algebra by a descent from a certain ordinary Schur algebra. We also obtain a description, by generators and relations, of the rational Schur algebras in characteristic zero.
We determine the blocks of the walled Brauer algebra in characteristic zero. These can be described in terms of orbits of the action of a Weyl group of type $A$ on a certain set of weights. In positive characteristic we give a linkage principle in terms of orbits of the corresponding affine Weyl group. We also classify the semisimple walled Brauer algebras in all characteristics.
After reviewing classical Schur-Weyl duality, we present some other contexts which enjoy similar features, relating to Brauer algebras and classical groups.
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic two, and let $λ$ be a two-part partition of some natural number $r$. Denote the permutation module corresponding to the (maximal) Young subgroup $Σ_λ$ in $Σ_r$ by $M^λ$. We construct a full set of orthogonal primitive idempotents of the centraliser subalgebra $S_K(λ) = 1_λS_K(2,r) 1_λ= End_{KΣ_r}(M^λ)$ of the Schur algebra $S_K(2,r)$. These idempotents are naturally in one-to-one correspondence with the 2-Kostka numbers.
In this paper we prove Schur-Weyl duality between the symplectic group and Brauer algebra over an arbitrary infinite field $K$. We show that the natural homomorphism from the Brauer algebra $B_n(-2m)$ to the endomorphism algebra of tensor space $(K^{2m})^{\otimes n}$ as a module over the symplectic similitude group $GSp_{2m}(K)$ (or equivalently, as a module over the symplectic group $Sp_{2m}(K)$) is always surjective. Another surjectivity, that of the natural homomorphism from the group algebra for $GSp_{2m}(K)$ to the endomorphism algebra of $(K^{2m})^{\otimes n}$ as a module over $B_n(-2m)$, is derived as an easy consequence of S.~Oehms' results [S. Oehms, J. Algebra (1) 244 (2001), 19--44].
We obtain the decomposition of the tensor space $\mathfrak{sl}_n^{\otimes k}$ as a module for $\mathfrak{sl}_n$, find an explicit formula for the multiplicities of its irreducible summands, and (when $n \ge 2k$) describe the centralizer algebra $C=End_{\mathfrak{sl}_n}(\mathfrak{sl}_n^{\otimes k})$ and its representations. The multiplicities of the irreducible summands are derangement numbers in several important instances, and the dimension of $C$ is given by the number of derangements of a set of $2k$ elements.
We give explicit presentations by generators and relations of certain generalized Schur algebras (associated with tensor powers of the natural representation) in types B, C, D. This extends previous results in type A obtained by two of the authors. The presentation is compatible with the Serre presentation of the corresponding universal enveloping algebra. In types C, D this gives a presentation of the corresponding classical Schur algebra (the image of the representation on a tensor power) since the classical Schur algebra coincides with the generalized Schur algebra in those types. This coincidence between the generalized and classical Schur algebra fails in type B, in general.
We initiate the systematic study of endomorphism algebras of permutation modules and show they are obtainable by a descent from a certain "generic" Hecke algebra, infinite-dimensional in general, coming from the universal enveloping algebra of gl_n (or sl_n). The endomorphism algebras and the generic algebras are cellular. We give several equivalent descriptions of these algebras, find a number of explicit bases, and describe indexing sets for their irreducible representations.
We obtain a presentation by generators and relations for generalized Schur algebras and their quantizations. This extends earlier results obtained in the type A case. The presentation is compatible with Lusztig's modified form of a quantized enveloping algebra. We show that generalized Schur algebras inherit a canonical basis from the modified form of the quantized enveloping algebra, that this gives them a cellular structure, and thus they are quasihereditary over a field.
We use tilting modules to study the structure of the tensor product of two simple modules for the algebraic group $\SL_2$, in positive characteristic, obtaining a twisted tensor product theorem for its indecomposable direct summands. Various other related results are obtained, and numerous examples are computed.
Motivated by work of R.M. Green, we obtain a presentation of Schur algebras (both the classical and quantized versions) in terms of generators and relations. The presentation is compatible with the usual presentation of the (quantized or classical) enveloping algebra of gl(n). As a result, we obtain a new ``integral'' basis for Schur algebras which is a subset of Kostant's basis of the integral form of the enveloping algebra (or its q-analogue). Projection onto an appropriate component gives a new "integral" basis and a presentation for the Hecke algebra, compatible with the basis and presentation for the Schur algebra. Finally, we find a second presentation of Schur algebras which is similar to Luzstig's modified form of the quantized enveloping algebra.
We obtain a presentation of Schur algebras (and q-Schur algebras) by generators and relations which is compatible with the usual presentation of the enveloping algebra (quantized enveloping algebra) corresponding to the Lie algebra gl(n) of n x n matrices. We also find several new bases of Schur algebras and their corresponding integral forms.
We obtain a presentation of quantum Schur algebras (over the field Q(v)) by generators and relations. This presentation is compatible with the usual presentation of the quantized universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra gl(2). We also locate the ``integral'' form of the quantum Schur algebra within the presented algebra and show it has a basis which is closely related to Lusztig's basis of the integral form of the quantized enveloping algebra.
We give a presentation of Schur algebras (over the rational number field) by generators and relations, in fact a presentation which is compatible with Serre's presentation of the universal enveloping algebra of a simple Lie algebra. In the process we find a new basis for Schur algebras, a truncated form of the usual PBW basis. We also locate the integral Schur algebra within the presented algebra as the analogue of Kostant's Z-form, and show that it has an integral basis which is a truncated version of Kostant's basis.