Fluid Memory Enhances Active Beating via Back-and-Forth Motion
Ciliary and flagellar beating often occurs in viscoelastic fluids. The surrounding fluid strongly influences the beating dynamics. Viscoelastic effects on beating dynamics, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the stochastic dynamics of experimentally realized colloidal models in a Jeffreys fluid. We find that back-and-forth beating transiently aligns the driving and polymeric forces, leading to a rapid increase in the beating frequency once the fluid memory becomes comparable to the stroke duration. The crossover is marked by a maximum in beating-period fluctuations. For unidirectional rotational motion, however, beating slows down with increasing fluid memory. Our results identify back-and-forth beating as a generic mechanism for exploiting fluid memory in active oscillators, providing a possible explanation for enhanced flagellar beating in polymeric fluids.