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Subhajit Pal

Publications and source records attributed to Subhajit Pal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

A Brief Study of Dark Energy Accretion onto Schwarzschild Black Hole : Biswas-Roy-Biswas Type Redshift Parameterization is Chosen

In this letter, we have considered accretion of a particular type of Dark Energy model onto a Schwarzschild type black hole. Before using the model, the free parameters of the Dark Energy model have been constrained with differential ages data. A narrow peak on top of a wide plateau in two parameters' distributions indicates a well defined best fit value embedded within a broad region of near-degenerate solutions. This means the data strongly favours one specific parameter value but also permit a wide range with comparable likelihood. Physically, it reflects that the Dark Energy dynamics are locally constrained yet globally insensitive to small parameter variations. An increasing $\log_{10}\left[M(z)/M_{0}\right]$ since $z=3$ signifies that black holes have continuously grown through accretion and mergers within the standard hierarchical formation scenario. The precise rate of this growth depends on the radiative efficiency $\epsilon$, the effective accretion parameter $\lambda_{\rm eff}$, and the cumulative impact of merger events.

gr-qc

Constraining Redshift Parametrization Models with Recentmost Data : Impacts on an Accretion Disc around Finslerian Kiselev Black Hole

We investigate the evolution of black hole mass within a cosmological background modeled by a Modified Chaplygin Gas (MCG) under various dark energy equation of state parametrizations, including Linear, Logarithmic, CPL, JBP models. The logarithmic mass ratio $\log_{10}[M(z)/M_0]$ is found to be highly sensitive to the redshift-dependent evolution of $\omega(z)$, with gentle slopes in Linear, Logarithmic and CPL models indicating quasi-static accretion and steep slopes in JBP corresponding to rapid late-time variations highlighting transient suppression or enhancement of accretion due to repulsive dark energy effects. Peaks, minima and amplitude offsets in the mass ratio reflect the dynamic interplay between horizon thermodynamics, the evolving pressure of the MCG and cosmic expansion, illustrating how the black hole mass growth is directly influenced by both the temporal evolution of dark energy and the effective gravitational potential of the surrounding cosmic fluid. Our results demonstrate that black hole accretion acts as a sensitive probe of the time-dependent cosmic pressure landscape and provides physical insights into the coupling between local strong gravity and global accelerated expansion.

gr-qc

Marginal Influence of Anomalous Josephson Current on Odd-Frequency Spin-Triplet Pairing in Ferromagnetic Josephson Diodes

We examine how an anomalous Josephson current influences odd-frequency superconducting correlations in two Josephson junction geometries. The first consists of two ferromagnetic layers between conventional $s$-wave superconductors, with magnetizations along the $x$- and $y$-axes, forming a bilayer junction. The second contains three ferromagnetic layers between two $s$-wave superconductors, with magnetizations along the $x$-, $y$-, and $z$-axes, forming a trilayer junction. Both systems are analyzed in the short and long junction limits. In the bilayer case, where no anomalous Josephson current is present, odd-frequency equal-spin triplet correlations develop pronounced peaks at finite magnetizations in the short junction limit for both tunneling and transparent interfaces. The odd-frequency mixed-spin triplet correlations also exhibit peaks at finite magnetizations for tunneling interfaces, whereas for transparent interfaces they display both peaks and zeros. In the trilayer case, where an anomalous Josephson current exists, similar peaks in both equal- and mixed-spin odd-frequency triplet correlations occur at finite magnetizations for tunneling and transparent interfaces. The spatial profiles of these correlations remain largely unaffected by the anomalous current. The Josephson diode efficiency is finite and reaches its maximum at magnetizations corresponding to the peaks of the anomalous current. Overall, our results show that the anomalous Josephson current has only a marginal influence on odd-frequency spin-triplet pairing. This indicates that the emergence of odd-frequency correlations and the Josephson diode effect are largely independent phenomena, contrary to earlier conjectures. Analysis of the long junction limit leads to the same qualitative conclusions for both configurations.

cond-mat.supr-con

Stability Analysis of Four $f(Q)$ Gravity Models : A Cosmological Review in the Background of Bianchi-I Anisotropy

With the non-metricity scalar $Q$ as the functional argument, several $f(Q)$ gravity models are found to be proposed which are perfectly able to mimic the late-time accelerated expansion as pointed out by the type Ia supernovae observations. Temperature fluctuation differences for two celestial hemispheres, Hubble tension, voids, dipole modulation, anisotropic inflation, etc. motivates us to think beyond the $\Lambda$CDM model and the cosmological principle. Bianchi-I model portrays an anisotropic universe imposing shear. $f(Q)$ model also enables us to produce early inflation to late de Sitter universe without the requirement of $\Lambda$CDM. Ambiguities regarding fine-tuning or coincidences can be avoided alongwith. So, this article finds different stationary points of cosmic evolution with $f(Q)$ models habilitating in Bianchi-I anisotropic universe. Depending on models' nature, fixed points with different categories are found. Perturbations are followed wherever are applicable. While pursuing cosmological implications towards these fixed points, some are found to be formed only for the consideration of $f(Q)$ gravity and Bianchi-I both. Besides different prediction towards early inflation to late-time expansion which are available in existing literature of dynamical system studies, occurances of ultra slow roll inflation is predicted. For particular $f(Q)$ model, shear is predicted to decay leaving behind a constant valued residue. This models a universe that gradually turns more homogeneous. In some other models, depending on initial conditions, a final isotropic leftover is marked as the future fate of anisotropic world. More than one stable points are marked for special cases and are cosmologically interpreted.

gr-qc

Cosmology with Distinct Functions $f$ of the Non-metricity Scalar $Q$ : A Dynamical System Approach

Symmetric teleparallel gravity is one among the general relativistic trinity which deals with the non-metricity scalar $Q$. In the Einstein Hilbert action, a function of $Q$ is chosen to be the main contributory part of the Lagrangian and a modified theory of gravity is constructed. In literature, different structures of the function of $Q$ are found which sustain several astrophysical observations like Big Bang nucleosynthesis, late-time cosmic acceleration etc. Autonomous systems for each such models with different $f(Q)$ structures are constructed. Corresponding fixed points and their stability properties are studied. For every case, stable, unstable and saddle-type fixed points are found to exist. These points on the phase portraits are cosmologically analyzed. It is tried to justify which way the corresponding state may lead if the initial state is perturbed. A comparative study of different models is represented.

gr-qc

Surface induced odd-frequency spin-triplet superconductivity as a veritable signature of Majorana bound states

We predict surface-induced odd-frequency (odd-$\nu$) spin-triplet superconducting pairing can be a veritable signature of Majorana bound states (MBS) in a Josephson nodal $p$-wave superconductor ($p_{x}$)-spin flipper (SF)-nodal $p$-wave superconductor ($p_{x}$) junction. Remarkably, in a $p_{x}$-SF-$p_{x}$ Josephson junction three distinct phases emerge: the topological phase featuring MBS, the topological phase without MBS, and the trivial phase devoid of MBS. Surface odd-$\nu$ spin-triplet pairing is induced only in the topological regime when MBS appears. In contrast, surface-induced even-frequency (even-$\nu$) spin-triplet pairing is finite regardless of the existence of MBS. Importantly, we find the surface induced odd-$\nu$ spin-triplet pairing is immune to disorder in the topological phase featuring MBS, while in the trivial phase the surface induced even-$\nu$ spin-triplet pairing is affected by disorder. Our study offers a potential means for distinguishing the topological phase featuring MBS from both the trivial phase as well as the topological phase devoid of MBS, primarily through the observation of induced surface odd-$\nu$ spin-triplet superconductivity.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Identification of odd-frequency superconducting pairing in Josephson junctions

Optimal choice of spin polarization enables electron injection into the helical edge state at a precise position, despite the uncertainty principle, permitting access to specific nonlocal Green's functions. We show, within 1D effective description, that this fact facilitates a direct identification of odd-frequency pairing through parity measurement (under frequency reversal) of the nonlocal differential conductance in a setup comprising the Josephson junction on the helical edge state of a 2D topological insulator with two spin-polarized probes tunnel-coupled to the junction region. A 2D numerical simulation has also been conducted to confirm theoretical predictions as well as to demonstrate the experimental feasibility of the proposal.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Giant electromechanical response from defective non-ferroelectric epitaxial BaTiO3 integrated on Si 100

Lead free, silicon compatible materials showing large electromechanical responses comparable to, or better than conventional relaxor ferroelectrics, are desirable for various nanoelectromechanical devices and applications. Defect-engineered electrostriction has recently been gaining popularity to obtain enhanced electromechanical responses at sub 100 Hz frequencies. Here, we report record values of electrostrictive strain coefficients (M31) at frequencies as large as 5 kHz (1.04 x 10-14 m2 per V2 at 1 kHz, and 3.87 x 10-15 m2 per V2 at 5 kHz) using A-site and oxygen-deficient barium titanate thin-films, epitaxially integrated onto Si. The effect is robust and retained even after cycling the devices >5000 times. Our perovskite films are non-ferroelectric, exhibit a different symmetry compared to stoichiometric BaTiO3 and are characterized by twin boundaries and nano polar-like regions. We show that the dielectric relaxation arising from the defect-induced features correlates very well with the observed giant electrostrictive response. These films show large coefficient of thermal expansion (2.36 x 10-5/K), which along with the giant M31 implies a considerable increase in the lattice anharmonicity induced by the defects. Our work provides a crucial step forward towards formulating guidelines to engineer large electromechanical responses even at higher frequencies in lead-free thin films.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Yu-Shiba-Rusinov bound states boost odd-frequency superconductivity

We predict that the occurence of zero energy Yu-Shiba-Rusinov(YSR) bound states in two different setups, metal-spin flipper-metal-s-wave superconductor ($N_{1}-sf-N_{2}-S$) and superconductor-metal-spin flipper-metal-superconductor ($S-N_{1}-sf-N_{2}-S$) junctions, can generate multi-fold enhancement of surface-induced odd-frequency superconductivity. On the other hand, in the absence of these bound states, even-frequency superconductivity dominates. Specifically, in a $S-N_{1}-sf-N_{2}-S$ Josephson junction, the emergence of zero energy YSR bound states leads to a $0-\pi$ junction transition and surface odd-frequency superconductivity dominance. Notably, odd-frequency superconductivity vanishes in the absence of YSR-bound states. Interestingly, the equal spin-triplet pairing is the dominant component in the surface induced odd-frequency superconductivity in both setups, which could have important implications for superconducting spintronics. Overall, our findings may help to detect the presence of YSR-bound states through the observation of surface induced odd-frequency superconductivity and contribute to a better understanding of their relationship.

cond-mat.supr-con

Honing in on a topological zero-bias conductance peak

A popular signature of Majorana bound states in topological superconductors is the zero-energy conductance peak with a height of $2e^2/h$. However, a similar zero energy conductance peak with almost the same height can also arise due to non-topological reasons. Here we show that these trivial and topological zero energy conductance peaks can be distinguished via the zero energy local density of states and local magnetization density of states. We find that the zero-energy local density of states exhibits oscillations with a finite period for a trivial zero-bias conductance peak. In contrast, these oscillations disappear for the topological zero-bias conductance peak. On the other hand, zero energy local magnetization density of states shows a periodic oscillation for trivial zero-bias conductance peak, while for topological ZBCP, they vanish. Our results suggest that zero-energy local density of states and local magnetization density of states can be used as an experimental probe to distinguish trivial zero energy conductance peak from topological zero energy conductance peak.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Exciting odd frequency equal-spin-triplet correlations at metal-superconductor interfaces

We predict the occurrence of odd frequency equal-spin-triplet correlations at a normal metal-superconductor junction. This result is significant because equal-spin-triplet correlations are associated with the presence of dissipation-less pure spin current. Inserting a spin-flipper at the interface of a normal metal-superconductor junction excites equal-spin-triplet correlations. The existence of odd frequency equal-spin-triplet correlations in absence of odd frequency mixed spin-triplet correlations is the main take-home message of this work. It tallies well with the measured local magnetization density of states and spin-polarized local density of states at the interface. The importance of spin-flip scattering to the obtained results is manifest when we compare our normal metal-spin flipper-superconductor junction to other hybrid junctions where either only spin mixing or both spin mixing and spin-flip scattering are present.

cond-mat.supr-con

Josephson quantum spin thermodynamics

A 1D Josephson junction loop, doped with a spin-flipper and attached to two thermal reservoirs, operates as a heat engine or a refrigerator, a Joule pump, or even a cold pump. When operating as a quantum heat engine, the efficiency of this device exceeds that of some recent Josephson heat engine proposals. Further, as a quantum refrigerator, the coefficient of performance of this device is much higher than previously proposed Josephson junction-based refrigerators. In addition, this device can be tuned from engine mode to refrigerator mode or any other mode, i.e., Joule pump or cold pump, by either tuning the temperature of reservoirs or via the flux enclosed in the Josephson junction loop. In the presence of spin-flip scattering, we can tune our device from engine mode to other operating modes by only changing the enclosed flux in the Josephson junction loop without changing the temperatures of the reservoirs. This is potentially an advantage with respect to other proposals. This makes the proposed device much more versatile as regards possible applications.

cond-mat.stat-mech

Bulk photovoltaic effect in BaTiO$_3$-based ferroelectric oxides: An experimental and theoretical study

The bulk photovoltaic effect exhibited by the non-centrosymmetric system gains research interest due to the observed large open-circuit voltage. The ferroelectric systems exhibiting anomalous photovoltaic effect are mostly crystallized with multiphase coexistence. Hence, the computational difficulty in building a multi-phase system restricts the detailed photovoltaic studies through phenomenological and shift current theory. In this work, ferroelectric Ba$_{1- x}$(Bi$_{0.5}$K$_{0.5}$)$_x$TiO$_3$ (BBKT) oxide is designed to crystallize in single-phase tetragonal symmetry with improved polarization characteristics, and it is found to exhibits large PV response. Both experimental and theoretical studies on BBKT samples reveal ~18% reduction in bandgap compared to the parent BaTiO$_3$. Short-circuit current measured as a function of light intensity and light polarization angle reveal linear and sinusoidal response, respectively. The observed features are in accordance with phenomenological theory. Remarkably, x = 0.125 sample displays ~8 times higher open-circuit voltage (7.39 V) than the parent compound. The enhanced PV effect is attributed to the large shift current along z-direction as evidenced from the additional charge-center shift of valence band occupied by O-2p orbital and conduction band occupied by Bi-6p orbital. Notably, the degenerate Bi-p$_z$ state at conduction band minimum in BBKT favours the large shift current response in the z-direction.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Probing the topological character of superconductors via non-local Hanbury-Brown and Twiss correlations

Superconductors can be classified as topological or not based on whether time-reversal symmetry (TRS), chiral symmetry, and particle-hole symmetry are preserved or not. Further, topological superconductors can also be classified as chiral or helical. In this paper, using Hanbury-Brown and Twiss (HBT) shot noise correlations and the non-local conductance, we probe metal/2D unconventional superconductor/metal junctions to understand better the pairing topological vs. non-topological or helical vs. chiral or nodal vs. gapful. We see that HBT correlations are asymmetric as a function of bias voltage for non-topological superconductors, whereas they are symmetric for topological superconductors irrespective of the barrier strength. Topological superconductors are associated with Majorana fermions which are important for topological quantum computation. By distinguishing topological superconductors from non-topological superconductors, our study will help search for Majorana fermions, which will aid in designing a topological quantum computer.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Stability of Majorana bound states in the presence of spin-flip scattering

A popular evidence of the existence of Majorana bound states(MBS) is a quantized zero-bias conductance peak(ZBCP) which is robust to scattering by impurities, a consequence of its topological protection. In this work we examine the stability of this MBS induced ZBCP in a metal-superconductor junction in the vicinity of a spin flipper. We analytically calculate the differential charge conductance for metal-spin flipper-superconductor junction with two distinct superconductors: (a) spin less $p$-wave superconductor(pSc) and (b) spin-orbit-coupled s-wave superconducting wire in presence of a Zeeman field(SOCSW). We see that the quantized ZBCP remains stable in presence of spin-flip(SF) scattering for metal-pSc junction, while it loses its stability when pSc is replaced by SOCSW. Further, the scattering matrix(S-Matrix) of the metal-pSc junction satisfies BDI symmetry class regardless of SF scattering. For BDI symmetry class, both Hamiltonian as well as S-Matrix satisfy particle-hole(PH), time reversal(TR) and chiral symmetries. However, in case of metal-SOCSW junction the Hamiltonian as well as S-Matrix belongs to symmetry class D in absence of SF scattering. In symmetry class D both Hamiltonian and S-Matrix satisfy PH symmetry, but do not satisfy TR and chiral symmetry relations. In presence of SF scattering, the S-Matrix for metal-SOCSW junction belongs to symmetry class A for which S-Matrix does not satisfy either PH or TR or chiral symmetry relations. The reason for ZBCP at a metal-pSc junction is perfect Andreev reflection regardless of SF scattering, while for metal-SOCSW junction it is the exact cancellation between normal and Andreev reflection probabilities at zero bias and not perfect Andreev reflection, in absence of SF scattering. However, in presence of SF scattering, there is no exact cancellation at zero bias which leads to loss of quantized ZBCP for a metal-SOCSW junction.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Quantized Josephson phase battery

A ferromagnetic Josephson junction with a spin-flipper (magnetic impurity) sandwiched in-between acts as a phase battery that can store quantized amounts of superconducting phase difference $Φ_0$ in the ground state of the junction. Moreover, for such $Φ_0$-Josephson junction anomalous Josephson current appears at zero phase difference. We study the properties of this quantum spin-flip scattering induced anomalous Josephson current, especially its tun-ability via misorientation angle between two Ferromagnets.

cond-mat.supr-con

Designing a highly efficient graphene quantum spin heat engine

We design a quantum spin heat engine using spin polarized ballistic modes generated in a strained graphene monolayer doped with a magnetic impurity. We observe remarkably large efficiency and large thermoelectric figure of merit both for the charge as well as spin variants of the quantum heat engine. This suggests the use of this device as a highly efficient quantum heat engine for charge as well as spin-based transport. Further, a comparison is drawn between the device characteristics of a graphene spin heat engine against a quantum spin Hall heat engine. The reason being edge modes because of their origin should give much better performance. In this respect, we observe our graphene-based spin heat engine can almost match the performance characteristics of a quantum spin Hall heat engine. Finally, we show that a pure spin current can be transported in our device in absence of any charge current.

cond-mat.mes-hall

Spin flip scattering engendered quantum spin torque in a Josephson junction

We examine a Josephson junction with two Ferromagnets and a spin flipper sandwiched between two superconductors. In such Ferromagnetic Josephson junctions, equilibrium spin torque exists only when Ferromagnets are misaligned. This is explained via the "conventional" mechanism of spin transfer torque, which owes its origin to the misalignment of two Ferromagnets. However, we see surprisingly when the magnetic moments of the Ferromagnets are aligned parallel or antiparallel, there is a finite equilibrium spin torque due to the quantum mechanism of spin-flip scattering. We explore the properties of this unique spin-flip scattering induced equilibrium quantum spin torque, especially its tunability via exchange coupling and phase difference across the superconductors.

cond-mat.supr-con