arXiv subjects

Sunando Kumar Patra

Publications and source records attributed to Sunando Kumar Patra.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

CNN on `Top': In Search of Scalable & Lightweight Image-based Jet Taggers

While Transformer-based and standard Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have proven to be the best performers in classifying different types of jets, they require substantial computational power. We explore the scope of using a lightweight and scalable version of EfficientNet architecture, along with global features of the jet. The end product is computationally inexpensive but is capable of competitive performance. We showcase the efficacy of our network in tagging top-quark jets in a sea of other light quark and gluon jets. The work also sheds light on the importance of global features for both the accuracy and the apparent redundancy of the network's complexity.

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arXiv2025

Normalizing Flow-Assisted Nested Sampling on Type-II Seesaw Model

We propose a novel technique for sampling particle physics model parameter space. The main sampling method applied is Nested Sampling (NS), which is boosted by the application of multiple Machine Learning (ML) networks, e.g., Self-Normalizing Network (SNN) and Normalizing Flow (specifically RealNVP). We apply this on Type-II Seesaw model to test the efficacy of the algorithm. We present the results of our detailed Bayesian exploration of the model parameter space subjected to theoretical constraints and experimental data corresponding to the 125 GeV Higgs boson, $\rho$-parameter, and the oblique parameters. All associated data, figures, and trained ML models can be found here: https://github.com/sunandopatra/MLNS-T2SS

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arXiv2024

Probing intractable beyond-standard-model parameter spaces armed with Machine Learning

This article attempts to summarize the effort by the particle physics community in addressing the tedious work of determining the parameter spaces of beyond-the-standard-model (BSM) scenarios, allowed by data. These spaces, typically associated with a large number of dimensions, especially in the presence of nuisance parameters, suffer from the curse of dimensionality and thus render naive sampling of any kind -- even the computationally inexpensive ones -- ineffective. Over the years, various new sampling (from variations of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to dynamic nested sampling) and machine learning (ML) algorithms have been adopted by the community to alleviate this issue. If not all, we discuss potentially the most important among them and the significance of their results, in detail.

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arXiv2023

Computing Tools for Effective Field Theories

In recent years, theoretical and phenomenological studies with effective field theories have become a trending and prolific line of research in the field of high-energy physics. In order to discuss present and future prospects concerning automated tools in this field, the SMEFT-Tools 2022 workshop was held at the University of Zurich from 14th-16th September 2022. The current document collects and summarizes the content of this workshop.

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arXiv2022

LHC EFT WG Note: Precision matching of microscopic physics to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT)

This note gives an overview of the tools for the precision matching of ultraviolet theories to the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) at the tree level and one loop. Several semi- and fully automated codes are presented, as well as some supplementary codes for the basis conversion and the subsequent running and matching at low energies. A suggestion to collect information for cross-validations of current and future codes is made.

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arXiv2022

Study of the $b \to d \ell\ell$ transitions in the Standard Model and test of New Physics sensitivities

After incorporating all the available experimental data and the most up-to-date Lattice and light cone sum rule (LCSR) inputs on the form factors, we analyze the exclusive $b\to u\ell\nu_{\ell}$ and $b\to d\ell \ell$ decays simultaneously. We have extracted the shape of all the associated form factors using which we provide predictions in the standard model for the branching ratios, direct CP asymmetries and isospin asymmetry for $B\to\pi\ell \ell$ and various angular observables for $B\to\rho\ell \ell$ transitions. Also, we have tested the sensitivities of these observables towards physics beyond the standard model (BSM).For the $B\to\rho\ell \ell$ decays, we have defined tagged and untagged observables and predicted them in the SM and BSM. In the context of BSM, we have found some compelling information. The respective predictions in a few benchmark scenarios are given, which can be tested in the experiments at the LHCb and the Belle.

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arXiv2021

Complete analysis of all $B\to πK$ decays

The Standard Model (SM) predicts that $ΔA_{\rm CP}$, the difference between the direct CP asymmetries for the modes $B^+\to π^0 K^+$ and $B^0\to π^- K^+$ that are related by weak isospin, should be close to zero. There has been a recent claim by the LHCb Collaboration that the measured value of $ΔA_{\rm CP}$ shows an uncomfortable tension with the SM prediction, almost at the $8σ$ level. Motivated by this claim, we critically re-examine the data on all the $B\to πK$ modes, including the CP asymmetries and CP-averaged branching fractions. From a combined Bayesian analysis with the topological amplitudes and their phases as the free parameters, we find that the best-fit region has a large overlap with the parameter space favoured in the SM, albeit with some enhancement for the electroweak penguin and the colour-suppressed tree amplitudes, consistent with the findings of earlier studies. We find that in this SM-like region, $ΔA_{\rm CP}$ is more than 5$σ$ away from zero and the tension with the global average, as well as the LHCb result, is within $2σ$. Thus we conclude that there is not yet enough motivation to go beyond the SM.

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arXiv2021

Effective limits on single scalar extensions in the light of recent LHC data

In this paper, we work with 16 different single scalar particle extensions of the Standard Model. We present the sets of dimension-6 effective operators and the associated Wilson coefficients as functions of model parameters after integrating out the heavy scalars up to 1-loop, including the heavy-light mixing, for each such scenario. Using the correspondence between the effective operators and the observables at electroweak scale, and employing Bayesian statistics, we compute the allowed ranges of new physics parameters that are further translated and depicted in 2-dimensional Wilson coefficient space in the light of the latest CMS and ATLAS data up to $137 \text{ fb}^{-1}$ and $139\text{ fb}^{-1}$, respectively. We also adjudge the status of those new physics extensions that offer similar sets of relevant effective operators. In addition, we provide a model-independent fit of $23$ Standard Model effective field theory Wilson coefficients using electroweak precision observables, single and di-Higgs data as well as kinematic distributions of di-boson production.

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arXiv2021

Constraining New Physics with Possible Dark Matter Signatures from a Global CKM Fit

We constrain the parameters of a representative new physics model with possible dark matter (DM) signature from a global CKM fit analysis. The model has neutral quark current interactions mediated by a scalar, impacting the semileptonic and purely leptonic meson decays at one-loop. We take this opportunity to update the fit results for the Wolfenstein parameters and the CKM elements with and without a contribution from the new model using several other updated inputs. Alongside, we have analyzed and included in the CKM fit the $B\to D^*\ell\nu_{\ell}$ decay. The newly available inputs on the relevant form factors from lattice are included, and the possibility of new physics effects in $B\to D^*\ell\nu_{\ell}$ is considered. We obtain tight constraints on the relevant new physics parameters. We have studied the possible implications of this constraint on DM phenomenology. Apart from DM, the bounds are also applicable in other relevant phenomenological studies.

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arXiv2021

New physics in $b\to s \ell\ell$ decays with complex Wilson coefficients

We perform a data-driven analysis of new physics (NP) effects in exclusive $b \to s \ell^+\ell^-$ decays in a model-independent effective theory approach with dimension six operators considering scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector and axial-vector operators with the corresponding Wilson coefficients (WC) taken to be complex. The analysis has been done with the most recent data while comparing the outcome with that from the relatively old data-set. We find that a left-handed quark current with vector muon coupling is the only one-operator $(\mathcal{O}_9)$ scenario that can explain the data in both the cases with real and complex WC with a large non-zero imaginary contribution. We simultaneously apply model selection tools like cross-validation and information-theoretic approach like Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to find out the operator or sets of operators that can best explain the available data in this channel. The $\mathcal{O}_9$ with complex WC is the only one-operator scenario which survives the test. However, there are a few two and three-operator scenarios (with real or complex WCs) which survive the test, and the operator $\mathcal{O}_9$ is common among them.

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arXiv2021

A closer look at the extraction of $|V_{ub}|$ from $B\toπlν$

To extract the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element $|V_{ub}|$, we have re-analyzed all the available inputs (data and theory) on the $B\toπlν$ decays including the newly available inputs on the form-factors from light cone sum rule (LCSR) approach. We have reproduced and compared the results with the procedure taken up by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group (HFLAV), while commenting on the effect of outliers on the fits. After removing the outliers and creating a comparable group of data-sets, we mention a few scenarios in the extraction of $|V_{ub}|$. In all those scenarios, the extracted values of $|V_{ub}|$ are higher than that obtained by HFLAV. Our best results for $|V_{ub}|^{exc.}$ are $(3.88 \pm 0.13)\times 10^{-3}$ and $(3.87 \pm 0.13)\times 10^{-3}$ in frequentist and Bayesian approaches, respectively, which are consistent with that extracted from inclusive decays $|V_{ub}|^{inc}$ within $1~σ$ confidence interval.

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arXiv2020

A Step Toward Model Comparison: Connecting Electroweak-Scale Observables to BSM through EFT and Bayesian Statistics

Recognizing the potential of effective field theories to posit multiple BSM scenarios in similar footing, with a possibility to compare them, we inspect the effects of 11 single scalar-multiplet extensions of the SM on the combined set of electroweak precision observables and Higgs signal strength data, by systematically integrating out the heavy multiplets and computing the resulting SMEFT operators and Wilson coefficients (WCs) up to one-loop level. Noting that multiple BSM models give rise to a degenerate set of WCs, we then perform Bayesian statistical inference both directly on the BSM parameters and on the associated set of independent WCs. Using the posteriors of the BSM parameters, we infer the respective (correlated) WC-distributions and compare both the model-independent and dependent analyses by overlaying the 2-D marginal WC-posteriors from both processes, thus laying the ground for a data-driven attempt to compare diverse BSM theories of different origins, and hopefully, a possible way to approach the intractable inverse problem. We also demonstrate, with an example model, the crucial role of theoretical constraints to rule out large chunks of BSM parameter spaces. The entirety of numerical results is available in GitHub.

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arXiv2020

'Deep' Dive into $b \to c$ Anomalies: Standardized and Future-proof Model Selection Using Self-normalizing Neural Networks

Noting the erroneous proclivity of information-theoretic approaches, like the Akaike information criterion (AIC), to select simpler models while performing model selection with a small sample size, we address the problem of new physics model selection in $b\to c τν_τ$ decays in this paper by employing a specific machine learning algorithm (self-normalizing neural networks, a.k.a. SNN) for supervised classification and regression, in a model-independent framework. While the outcomes of the classification with real data-set are compared with AIC, with the SNNs outperforming AIC$_c$ in all aspects of model selection, the regression-outcomes are compared with the results from Bayesian analyses; the obtained parameter spaces differ considerably while keeping maximum posterior (MAP) estimates similar. A few of the two-operator scenarios with a tensor-type interaction are found to be the most probable solution for the data. We also test the effectiveness of our trained networks with the expected, more precise data in Belle-II. The trained networks and associated functionalities are supplied for the use of the community.

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arXiv2020

Updates on SM predictions of $|V_{cb}|$ and $R(D^{})$ in $B\to D^{}\ellν_\ell$ decays

We update the standard model (SM) predictions of $R(D^*)$ using the latest results on the decay distributions in $B \to D^* \ell ν_{\ell}$ ($\ell = μ, e$) by Belle collaboration, while extracting $|V_{cb}|$ at the same time. Depending on the inputs used in the analysis, we define various fit scenarios. Although the central values of the predicted $R(D^*)$ in all the scenarios have reduced from its earlier predictions in 2017, the results are consistent with each other within the uncertainties. In this analysis, our prediction of $R(D^*)$ is consistent with the respective world average at $\sim 3σ$. We have also predicted several angular observables associated with $B \to D^* τν_τ$ decays. We note that the predicted $F_L(D^*)$ is consistent with the corresponding measurement at 2$σ$. Utilizing these new results, we fit the Wilson coefficients appearing beyond the standard model of particle physics (BSM). To see the trend of SM predictions, we have utilized the recently published preliminary results on the form-factors at non-zero recoil by the lattice groups like Fermilab-MILC and JLQCD and predicted the observables in $B \to D^* \ell ν_{\ell}$, and $B \to D^* τν_τ$ decays.

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arXiv2020

Exhaustive Model Selection in $b \to s \ell \ell$ Decays: Pitting Cross-Validation against AIC$_c$

In the light of recent data, we study the new physics effects in the exclusive $b \to s \ell^+\ell^-$ decays from a model independent perspective. Different combinations of the dimension six effective operators along with their respective Wilson coefficients are chosen for the analysis. To find out the operator or sets of operators that can best explain the available data in this channel, we simultaneously apply popular model selection tools like cross-validation and the information theoretic approach like Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). There are one, two, and three-operator scenarios which survive the test and a left-handed quark current with vector muon coupling is common among them. This is also the only surviving one-operator scenario. Best-fit values and correlations of the new Wilson coefficients are supplied for all the selected scenarios. We find that the angular observables play the dominant role in the model selection procedure. We also note that while a left-handed quark current with axial-vector muon coupling is the only one-operator scenario able to explain the ratios $R_{K^{(*)}}$ ($R_{K^*}$ for $q^2\in [ 0.045, 1.1] {\rm GeV}^2$ in particular), there are also a couple of two operator scenarios that can simultaneously explain the measured $R_{K^{(*)}}$.

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arXiv2019

A detailed study of the $Λ_b \to Λ\ell^+ \ell^-$ decays in the Standard Model

Based on the standard model (SM) of particle physics, we study the decays $Λ_b \to Λ\ell^+ \ell^-$ in light of the available inputs from lattice and the data from LHCb. We fit the form-factors of this decay mode using the available theory and experimental inputs after defining different fit scenarios and checking their consistencies. The theory inputs include the relations between the form-factors in heavy quark effective theory (HQET) and soft collinear effective theory (SCET) at the endpoints of di-lepton invariant mass squared $q^2$. Utilizing the fit results, we have predicted a few observables related to this mode. We have also predicted the observable $R_Λ = Br(Λ_b \to Λ\ell_i^+\ell_i^- )/Br(Λ_b \to Λ\ell_j^+\ell_j^-)$ where $\ell_{i}$ and $\ell_j$ are charged leptons of different generations ($i \ne j$). At the moment, we do not observe noticeable differences in the extracted values of the observables in fully data-driven and SM like fit scenarios.

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arXiv2019

$b \to c \ell ν$ anomalies in light of extended scalar sectors

Considering the recent experimental results on exclusive semileptonic $B$ meson decays showing sizable departure from their Standard Model prediction of lepton flavor universality and keeping ongoing and proposed non-standard Higgs searches in mind, we explore the charged current flavor observables ($\mathcal{R}_{D^{(*)}}$, $\mathcal{R}_{J/ψ}$), among other $b\to c\ell ν$ transitions, in the presence of a relevant scalar current effective new physics operator. We use $B_c$ lifetime and predicted bounds on the branching fraction of $B_c \to τν$ decay as constraints. We show the allowed parameter space in terms of the real and imaginary parts of the corresponding Wilson coefficients for such interactions. Under the light of obtained results, we study the prospect of two benchmark models, rendering the Wilson coefficients real (Georgi-Machacek (GM)) and complex (Leptoquark (LQ)) respectively. We show that constraints from $b\to c\ell ν$ on GM parameters are consistent with other flavor constraints on the model, if we drop the \Babar~results. Including those disfavors the model by more than $3σ$. On the other hand, one benchmark LQ scenario, which gives rise to a single scalar current effective interaction, is still allowed within $68\%$ confidence level, albeit with a shrunk parameter space.

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arXiv2019

An in-depth analysis of $b\to c(s)$ semileptonic observables with possible $μ- τ$ mixing

In a couple of recent publications ( arXiv:1706.08437 and arXiv:1712.01593 ), the authors attempted to achieve simultaneous explanation of the persistent flavor anomalies in $b\to s$ and $b\to c$ semileptonic decays with a minimal scheme by using only three unknown new parameters. The analysis was obtained with a handful of precise observables. Motivated by their proposal, in this paper we reanalyze the models proposed in the aforementioned papers with a total of 170 observables from those channels including newly available measurements, correlated theoretical results, and constraints. We validate our results by searching for the most influential points and outliers. By analyzing the parameter spaces and their relationship with the constraints, we gain new insight and statistical significance in those models. We also provide a new and precise calculation of $R(J/Ψ)$, obtained during the analysis.

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