arXiv subjects

Sung-Ho Bae

Publications and source records attributed to Sung-Ho Bae.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Self-Geometry: GT-Free and Plug-and-Play Test-Time Adaptation for Geometrically Consistent 3D Vision Foundation Models

Recent Vision Foundation Models (VFMs) predict depth, camera pose, and pointmap in a single forward pass without per-scene optimization, achieving strong generalization. However, enforcing explicit multi-view geometric consistency, e.g., through bundle adjustment, is computationally costly and is thus not imposed during VFM pretraining, so such inconsistency can arise. To address this, implicit self-consistency derived from model outputs (e.g., pointmaps, features), though enforced at test-time in prior work, delivers inherently limited performance gain, especially on scenes where the pretrained VFM is highly inaccurate. In contrast to this implicit signal, we propose Self-Geometry, a plug-and-play test-time adaptation pipeline that directly imposes explicit multi-view geometric constraints using 2D pixel correspondences as pseudo ground-truth. Our proposed Self-Geometry consists of Geometric Disentanglement Optimization, which combines Multi-View Consistency and Epipolar Consistency losses with Gradient Disentanglement to prevent gradient conflict; Frame Angular-Neighbor, a view sampler based on SO(3) geodesic distances for lightly imposing these constraints; and Lightweight TTA, which adapts VFMs via LoRA. Our method achieves consistent improvements in both pose and geometry estimation across six VFMs (VGGT, $\pi^3$, DA3-Giant/Large/Base/Small) and four benchmarks (7Scenes, ETH3D, ScanNet++, HiRoom).

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

From Similarity to Structure: Training-free LLM Context Compression with Hybrid Graph Priors

Long-context large language models remain computationally expensive to run and often fail to reliably process very long inputs, which makes context compression an important component of many systems. Existing compression approaches typically rely on trained compressors, dense retrieval-style selection, or heuristic trimming, and they often struggle to jointly preserve task relevance, topic coverage, and cross-sentence coherence under a strict token budget. To address this, we propose a training-free and model-agnostic compression framework that selects a compact set of sentences guided by structural graph priors. Our method constructs a sparse hybrid sentence graph that combines mutual k-NN semantic edges with short-range sequential edges, extracts a topic skeleton via clustering, and ranks sentences using an interpretable score that integrates task relevance, cluster representativeness, bridge centrality, and a cycle coverage cue. A budgeted greedy selection with redundancy suppression then produces a readable compressed context in original order. Experimental results on four datasets show that our approach is competitive with strong extractive and abstractive baselines, demonstrating larger gains on long-document benchmarks.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

DASH-KV: Accelerating Long-Context LLM Inference via Asymmetric KV Cache Hashing

The quadratic computational complexity of the standard attention mechanism constitutes a fundamental bottleneck for large language models in long-context inference. While existing KV cache compression methods alleviate memory pressure, they often sacrifice generation quality and fail to address the high overhead of floating-point arithmetic. This paper introduces DASH-KV, an innovative acceleration framework that reformulates attention as approximate nearest-neighbor search via asymmetric deep hashing. Under this paradigm, we design an asymmetric encoding architecture that differentially maps queries and keys to account for their distinctions in precision and reuse characteristics. To balance efficiency and accuracy, we further introduce a dynamic mixed-precision mechanism that adaptively retains full-precision computation for critical tokens. Extensive experiments on LongBench demonstrate that DASH-KV significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baseline methods while matching the performance of full attention, all while reducing inference complexity from O(N^2) to linear O(N).

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arXiv2026

Lightweight LLM Agent Memory with Small Language Models

Although LLM agents can leverage tools for complex tasks, they still need memory to maintain cross-turn consistency and accumulate reusable information in long-horizon interactions. However, retrieval-based external memory systems incur low online overhead but suffer from unstable accuracy due to limited query construction and candidate filtering. In contrast, many systems use repeated large-model calls for online memory operations, improving accuracy but accumulating latency over long interactions. We propose LightMem, a lightweight memory system for better agent memory driven by Small Language Models (SLMs). LightMem modularizes memory retrieval, writing, and long-term consolidation, and separates online processing from offline consolidation to enable efficient memory invocation under bounded compute. We organize memory into short-term memory (STM) for immediate conversational context, mid-term memory (MTM) for reusable interaction summaries, and long-term memory (LTM) for consolidated knowledge, and uses user identifiers to support independent retrieval and incremental maintenance in multi-user settings. Online, LightMem operates under a fixed retrieval budget and selects memories via a two-stage procedure: vector-based coarse retrieval followed by semantic consistency re-ranking. Offline, it abstracts reusable interaction evidence and incrementally integrates it into LTM. Experiments show consistent gains across model scales, with an average F1 improvement of about 2.5 over A-MEM on LoCoMo, while achieving higher efficiency and low median latency (83 ms for retrieval and 581 ms end-to-end).

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Experience Transfer for Multimodal LLM Agents in Minecraft Game

Multimodal LLM agents operating in complex game environments must continually reuse past experience to solve new tasks efficiently. In this work, we propose Echo, a transfer-oriented memory framework that enables agents to derive actionable knowledge from prior interactions rather than treating memory as a passive repository of static records. To make transfer explicit, Echo decomposes reusable knowledge into five dimensions: structure, attribute, process, function, and interaction. This formulation allows the agent to identify recurring patterns shared across different tasks and infer what prior experience remains applicable in new situations. Building on this formulation, Echo leverages In-Context Analogy Learning (ICAL) to retrieve relevant experiences and adapt them to unseen tasks through contextual examples. Experiments in Minecraft show that, under a from-scratch learning setting, Echo achieves a 1.3x to 1.7x speed-up on object-unlocking tasks. Moreover, Echo exhibits a burst-like chain-unlocking phenomenon, rapidly unlocking multiple similar items within a short time interval after acquiring transferable experience. These results suggest that experience transfer is a promising direction for improving the efficiency and adaptability of multimodal LLM agents in complex interactive environments.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

Efficient and Interpretable Multi-Agent LLM Routing via Ant Colony Optimization

Large Language Model (LLM)-driven Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) have demonstrated strong capability in complex reasoning and tool use, and heterogeneous agent pools further broaden the quality--cost trade-off space. Despite these advances, real-world deployment is often constrained by high inference cost, latency, and limited transparency, which hinders scalable and efficient routing. Existing routing strategies typically rely on expensive LLM-based selectors or static policies, and offer limited controllability for semantic-aware routing under dynamic loads and mixed intents, often resulting in unstable performance and inefficient resource utilization. To address these limitations, we propose AMRO-S, an efficient and interpretable routing framework for Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). AMRO-S models MAS routing as a semantic-conditioned path selection problem, enhancing routing performance through three key mechanisms: First, it leverages a supervised fine-tuned (SFT) small language model for intent inference, providing a low-overhead semantic interface for each query; second, it decomposes routing memory into task-specific pheromone specialists, reducing cross-task interference and optimizing path selection under mixed workloads; finally, it employs a quality-gated asynchronous update mechanism to decouple inference from learning, optimizing routing without increasing latency. Extensive experiments on five public benchmarks and high-concurrency stress tests demonstrate that AMRO-S consistently improves the quality--cost trade-off over strong routing baselines, while providing traceable routing evidence through structured pheromone patterns.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

TDA-RC: Task-Driven Alignment for Knowledge-Based Reasoning Chains in Large Language Models

Enhancing the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) remains a core challenge in natural language processing. The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm dominates practical applications for its single-round efficiency, yet its reasoning chains often exhibit logical gaps. While multi-round paradigms like Graph-of-Thoughts (GoT), Tree-of-Thoughts (ToT), and Atom of Thought (AoT) achieve strong performance and reveal effective reasoning structures, their high cost limits practical use. To address this problem, this paper proposes a topology-based method for optimizing reasoning chains. The framework embeds essential topological patterns of effective reasoning into the lightweight CoT paradigm. Using persistent homology, we map CoT, ToT, and GoT into a unified topological space to quantify their structural features. On this basis, we design a unified optimization system: a Topological Optimization Agent diagnoses deviations in CoT chains from desirable topological characteristics and simultaneously generates targeted strategies to repair these structural deficiencies. Compared with multi-round reasoning methods like ToT and GoT, experiments on multiple datasets show that our approach offers a superior balance between reasoning accuracy and efficiency, showcasing a practical solution to ``single-round generation with multi-round intelligence''.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

Post Training Quantization for Efficient Dataset Condensation

Dataset Condensation (DC) distills knowledge from large datasets into smaller ones, accelerating training and reducing storage requirements. However, despite notable progress, prior methods have largely overlooked the potential of quantization for further reducing storage costs. In this paper, we take the first step to explore post-training quantization in dataset condensation, demonstrating its effectiveness in reducing storage size while maintaining representation quality without requiring expensive training cost. However, we find that at extremely low bit-widths (e.g., 2-bit), conventional quantization leads to substantial degradation in representation quality, negatively impacting the networks trained on these data. To address this, we propose a novel \emph{patch-based post-training quantization} approach that ensures localized quantization with minimal loss of information. To reduce the overhead of quantization parameters, especially for small patch sizes, we employ quantization-aware clustering to identify similar patches and subsequently aggregate them for efficient quantization. Furthermore, we introduce a refinement module to align the distribution between original images and their dequantized counterparts, compensating for quantization errors. Our method is a plug-and-play framework that can be applied to synthetic images generated by various DC methods. Extensive experiments across diverse benchmarks including CIFAR-10/100, Tiny ImageNet, and ImageNet subsets demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms prior works under the same storage constraints. Notably, our method nearly \textbf{doubles the test accuracy} of existing methods at extreme compression regimes (e.g., 26.0\% $\rightarrow$ 54.1\% for DM at IPC=1), while operating directly on 2-bit images without additional distillation.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Text summarization via global structure awareness

Text summarization is a fundamental task in natural language processing (NLP), and the information explosion has made long-document processing increasingly demanding, making summarization essential. Existing research mainly focuses on model improvements and sentence-level pruning, but often overlooks global structure, leading to disrupted coherence and weakened downstream performance. Some studies employ large language models (LLMs), which achieve higher accuracy but incur substantial resource and time costs. To address these issues, we introduce GloSA-sum, the first summarization approach that achieves global structure awareness via topological data analysis (TDA). GloSA-sum summarizes text efficiently while preserving semantic cores and logical dependencies. Specifically, we construct a semantic-weighted graph from sentence embeddings, where persistent homology identifies core semantics and logical structures, preserved in a ``protection pool'' as the backbone for summarization. We design a topology-guided iterative strategy, where lightweight proxy metrics approximate sentence importance to avoid repeated high-cost computations, thus preserving structural integrity while improving efficiency. To further enhance long-text processing, we propose a hierarchical strategy that integrates segment-level and global summarization. Experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that GloSA-sum reduces redundancy while preserving semantic and logical integrity, striking a balance between accuracy and efficiency, and further benefits LLM downstream tasks by shortening contexts while retaining essential reasoning chains.

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arXiv2025

Understanding Chain-of-Thought in Large Language Models via Topological Data Analysis

With the development of large language models (LLMs), particularly with the introduction of the long reasoning chain technique, the reasoning ability of LLMs in complex problem-solving has been significantly enhanced. While acknowledging the power of long reasoning chains, we cannot help but wonder: Why do different reasoning chains perform differently in reasoning? What components of the reasoning chains play a key role? Existing studies mainly focus on evaluating reasoning chains from a functional perspective, with little attention paid to their structural mechanisms. To address this gap, this work is the first to analyze and evaluate the quality of the reasoning chain from a structural perspective. We apply persistent homology from Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to map reasoning steps into semantic space, extract topological features, and analyze structural changes. These changes reveal semantic coherence, logical redundancy, and identify logical breaks and gaps. By calculating homology groups, we assess connectivity and redundancy at various scales, using barcode and persistence diagrams to quantify stability and consistency. Our results show that the topological structural complexity of reasoning chains correlates positively with accuracy. More complex chains identify correct answers sooner, while successful reasoning exhibits simpler topologies, reducing redundancy and cycles, enhancing efficiency and interpretability. This work provides a new perspective on reasoning chain quality assessment and offers guidance for future optimization.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2025

SUCCESS-GS: Survey of Compactness and Compression for Efficient Static and Dynamic Gaussian Splatting

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has emerged as a powerful explicit representation enabling real-time, high-fidelity 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis. However, its practical use is hindered by the massive memory and computational demands required to store and render millions of Gaussians. These challenges become even more severe in 4D dynamic scenes. To address these issues, the field of Efficient Gaussian Splatting has rapidly evolved, proposing methods that reduce redundancy while preserving reconstruction quality. This survey provides the first unified overview of efficient 3D and 4D Gaussian Splatting techniques. For both 3D and 4D settings, we systematically categorize existing methods into two major directions, Parameter Compression and Restructuring Compression, and comprehensively summarize the core ideas and methodological trends within each category. We further cover widely used datasets, evaluation metrics, and representative benchmark comparisons. Finally, we discuss current limitations and outline promising research directions toward scalable, compact, and real-time Gaussian Splatting for both static and dynamic 3D scene representation.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Post-Training Quantization via Residual Truncation and Zero Suppression for Diffusion Models

Diffusion models achieve high-quality image generation but face deployment challenges due to their high computational requirements. Although 8-bit outlier-aware post-training quantization (PTQ) matches full-precision performance, extending PTQ to 4 bits remains challenging. Larger step sizes in 4-bit quantization amplify rounding errors in dense, low-magnitude activations, leading to the loss of fine-grained textures. We hypothesize that not only outliers but also small activations are critical for texture fidelity. To this end, we propose Quantization via Residual Truncation and Zero Suppression (QuaRTZ), a 4-bit PTQ scheme for diffusion models. QuaRTZ applies 8-bit min-max quantization for outlier handling and compresses to 4 bits via leading-zero suppression to retain LSBs, thereby preserving texture details. Our approach reduces rounding errors and improves quantization efficiency by balancing outlier preservation and LSB precision. Both theoretical derivations and empirical evaluations demonstrate the generalizability of QuaRTZ across diverse activation distributions. Notably, 4-bit QuaRTZ achieves an FID of 6.98 on FLUX.1-schnell, outperforming SVDQuant that requires auxiliary FP16 branches.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

I-INR: Iterative Implicit Neural Representations

Implicit Neural Representations (INRs) have revolutionized signal processing and computer vision by modeling signals as continuous, differentiable functions parameterized by neural networks. However, INRs are prone to the spectral bias problem, limiting their ability to retain high-frequency information, and often struggle with noise robustness. Motivated by recent trends in iterative refinement processes, we propose Iterative Implicit Neural Representations (I-INRs). This novel plug-and-play framework iteratively refines signal reconstructions to restore high-frequency details, improve noise robustness, and enhance generalization, ultimately delivering superior reconstruction quality. I-INRs integrate seamlessly into existing INR architectures with only a 0.5-2% increase in parameters. During reconstruction, the iterative refinement adds just 0.8-1.6% additional FLOPs over the baseline while delivering a substantial performance boost of up to +2.0 PSNR. Extensive experiments demonstrate that I-INRs consistently outperform WIRE, SIREN, and Gauss across various computer vision tasks, including image fitting, image denoising, and object occupancy prediction. The code is available at github.com/optimizer077/I-INR.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2025

Compression in 3D Gaussian Splatting: A Survey of Methods, Trends, and Future Directions

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has recently emerged as a pioneering approach in explicit scene rendering and computer graphics. Unlike traditional neural radiance field (NeRF) methods, which typically rely on implicit, coordinate-based models to map spatial coordinates to pixel values, 3DGS utilizes millions of learnable 3D Gaussians. Its differentiable rendering technique and inherent capability for explicit scene representation and manipulation positions 3DGS as a potential game-changer for the next generation of 3D reconstruction and representation technologies. This enables 3DGS to deliver real-time rendering speeds while offering unparalleled editability levels. However, despite its advantages, 3DGS suffers from substantial memory and storage requirements, posing challenges for deployment on resource-constrained devices. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview focusing on the scalability and compression of 3DGS. We begin with a detailed background overview of 3DGS, followed by a structured taxonomy of existing compression methods. Additionally, we analyze and compare current methods from the topological perspective, evaluating their strengths and limitations in terms of fidelity, compression ratios, and computational efficiency. Furthermore, we explore how advancements in efficient NeRF representations can inspire future developments in 3DGS optimization. Finally, we conclude with current research challenges and highlight key directions for future exploration.

cs.GR↗

arXiv2024

ELMGS: Enhancing memory and computation scaLability through coMpression for 3D Gaussian Splatting

3D models have recently been popularized by the potentiality of end-to-end training offered first by Neural Radiance Fields and most recently by 3D Gaussian Splatting models. The latter has the big advantage of naturally providing fast training convergence and high editability. However, as the research around these is still in its infancy, there is still a gap in the literature regarding the model's scalability. In this work, we propose an approach enabling both memory and computation scalability of such models. More specifically, we propose an iterative pruning strategy that removes redundant information encoded in the model. We also enhance compressibility for the model by including in the optimization strategy a differentiable quantization and entropy coding estimator. Our results on popular benchmarks showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach and open the road to the broad deployability of such a solution even on resource-constrained devices.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Trimming the Fat: Efficient Compression of 3D Gaussian Splats through Pruning

In recent times, the utilization of 3D models has gained traction, owing to the capacity for end-to-end training initially offered by Neural Radiance Fields and more recently by 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) models. The latter holds a significant advantage by inherently easing rapid convergence during training and offering extensive editability. However, despite rapid advancements, the literature still lives in its infancy regarding the scalability of these models. In this study, we take some initial steps in addressing this gap, showing an approach that enables both the memory and computational scalability of such models. Specifically, we propose "Trimming the fat", a post-hoc gradient-informed iterative pruning technique to eliminate redundant information encoded in the model. Our experimental findings on widely acknowledged benchmarks attest to the effectiveness of our approach, revealing that up to 75% of the Gaussians can be removed while maintaining or even improving upon baseline performance. Our approach achieves around 50$\times$ compression while preserving performance similar to the baseline model, and is able to speed-up computation up to 600 FPS.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Revisiting Learning-based Video Motion Magnification for Real-time Processing

Video motion magnification is a technique to capture and amplify subtle motion in a video that is invisible to the naked eye. The deep learning-based prior work successfully demonstrates the modelling of the motion magnification problem with outstanding quality compared to conventional signal processing-based ones. However, it still lags behind real-time performance, which prevents it from being extended to various online applications. In this paper, we investigate an efficient deep learning-based motion magnification model that runs in real time for full-HD resolution videos. Due to the specified network design of the prior art, i.e. inhomogeneous architecture, the direct application of existing neural architecture search methods is complicated. Instead of automatic search, we carefully investigate the architecture module by module for its role and importance in the motion magnification task. Two key findings are 1) Reducing the spatial resolution of the latent motion representation in the decoder provides a good trade-off between computational efficiency and task quality, and 2) surprisingly, only a single linear layer and a single branch in the encoder are sufficient for the motion magnification task. Based on these findings, we introduce a real-time deep learning-based motion magnification model with4.2X fewer FLOPs and is 2.7X faster than the prior art while maintaining comparable quality.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2024

Descanning: From Scanned to the Original Images with a Color Correction Diffusion Model

A significant volume of analog information, i.e., documents and images, have been digitized in the form of scanned copies for storing, sharing, and/or analyzing in the digital world. However, the quality of such contents is severely degraded by various distortions caused by printing, storing, and scanning processes in the physical world. Although restoring high-quality content from scanned copies has become an indispensable task for many products, it has not been systematically explored, and to the best of our knowledge, no public datasets are available. In this paper, we define this problem as Descanning and introduce a new high-quality and large-scale dataset named DESCAN-18K. It contains 18K pairs of original and scanned images collected in the wild containing multiple complex degradations. In order to eliminate such complex degradations, we propose a new image restoration model called DescanDiffusion consisting of a color encoder that corrects the global color degradation and a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) that removes local degradations. To further improve the generalization ability of DescanDiffusion, we also design a synthetic data generation scheme by reproducing prominent degradations in scanned images. We demonstrate that our DescanDiffusion outperforms other baselines including commercial restoration products, objectively and subjectively, via comprehensive experiments and analyses.

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